Duhigg v. Unemployment Comp. Bd. of Review , 181 A.3d 1 ( 2017 )

IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
Tina Duhigg, :
Petitioner :
: No. 412 C.D. 2017
v. :
: Submitted: October 6, 2017
Unemployment Compensation :
Board of Review, :
Respondent :
BEFORE: HONORABLE P. KEVIN BROBSON, Judge
HONORABLE PATRICIA A. McCULLOUGH, Judge
HONORABLE BONNIE BRIGANCE LEADBETTER, Senior Judge
OPINION NOT REPORTED
MEMORANDUM OPINION
BY JUDGE McCULLOUGH FILED: December 13, 2017
Tina Duhigg (Claimant) petitions for review of the February 2, 2017 order
of the Unemployment Compensation Board of Review (Board) which vacated a
referee’s decision and order, and dismissed Claimant’s appeal from the October 22,
2015 determinations of the Pennsylvania Department of Labor and Industry
(Department) as untimely filed under section 501(e) of Pennsylvania’s Unemployment
Compensation Law (Law).1
1
Section 501(e) of the Law, Act of December 5, 1936, Second Ex. Sess., P.L. (1937) 2897,
as amended, 43 P.S. §821(e).
Facts and Procedural History
Claimant worked part time for Holcomb Behavioral Health System.
Effective August 1, 2010, Claimant filed an application for unemployment
compensation benefits. (Reproduced Record (R.R.) at Item No. 19, Board’s Finding
of Fact (F.F.) No. 1.)2 In the application, Claimant provided her address as 1411 West
Broad Street, Apartment 2W, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. (F.F. No. 1.) In December
2011, Claimant relocated, and she admits that she failed to promptly notify the
Department of her change in address. (F.F. No. 2.) Claimant communicated with the
Department in October 2013, but again failed to update her address at that time. (F.F.
No. 3.) As of the date this matter was submitted to the Court, Claimant resides at 911
Spring Street in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.
On October 22, 2015, the Department issued four determinations
regarding Claimant’s eligibility for unemployment compensation benefits; three of
those determinations adjusted Claimant’s weekly benefit allowance, and the fourth
determination established a fault overpayment of $902.00. (F.F. No. 5.) The
Department mailed the determinations to Claimant’s West Broad Street address, which
was her last-known address.3 Id. The determinations established November 6, 2015,
as the deadline by which to file an appeal. (F.F. No. 7.)
Claimant did not receive the four determinations. (F.F. No. 6.) She did
not file an appeal by the November 6, 2015 deadline. On or about April 7, 2016,
2
All references to the Board’s Findings of Fact in this opinion refer to those made in the
Board’s February 2, 2017 decision and order.
3
The record neither indicates by what means the determinations were mailed to Claimant, nor
that this mail was returned to the Department as undeliverable.
2
Claimant received a letter regarding the fault overpayment.4 (F.F. No. 8.)
Subsequently, on May 18, 2016, Claimant filed an appeal of the Department’s
determinations. (F.F. No. 9.)
After a hearing on July 25, 2016, the referee issued a decision and order
dated July 28, 2016,5 which granted Claimant unemployment compensation benefits
for certain claim weeks and established a fault overpayment in the amount of $902.00
pursuant to section 804(a) of the Law.6 (R.R. at Item No. 13.) Claimant timely
appealed the referee’s decision and requested a remand hearing. (R.R. at Item No. 14.)
On September 9, 2016, the Board issued its decision and order vacating
the referee’s July 28, 2016 order and dismissing Claimant’s appeal from the
Department’s determinations.7 (R.R. at Item No. 17.) Claimant appealed the Board’s
September 9, 2016 decision to this Court, asserting that the Board’s Finding of Fact
4
While Claimant acknowledges that she received the Department’s letter regarding the fault
overpayment, the record is devoid of any information regarding the address to which that letter was
mailed and, if mailed to Claimant’s Spring Street address, how the Department became aware of that
address in April 2016.
5
The referee initially held a hearing on June 15, 2016. The referee continued that hearing to
provide Claimant with an opportunity to review her records and compare them to the documentation
provided by her employer.
6
The referee granted Claimant benefits under sections 401, 4(u), and 404(d) of the Law, 43
P.S. §§801, 743(u), and 804(d), for the claim weeks ending on January 1, 2011; January 29, 2011;
February 5, 2011; February 19, 2011; March 12, 2011; March 19, 2011; April 2, 2011; April 16,
2011; April 30, 2011; May 21, 2011; and May 28, 2011. (Referee’s decision at 2.)
7
The Board previously issued an order dated August 25, 2016, which vacated the referee’s
July 28, 2016 decision, finding that the referee failed to address the timeliness of Claimant’s appeal.
(R.R. at Item No. 16.) The Board’s September 9, 2016 order vacated that August 25, 2016 order,
explaining that “the Board inadvertently overlooked that the referee had already held a hearing on the
timeliness of [C]laimant’s appeal.” (R.R. at Item No. 17.)
3
No. 2 erroneously stated when and where she relocated.8 While Claimant’s appeal was
pending before this Court,9 the Board filed an application for remand, admitting that
the record did not support Finding of Fact No. 2 as written and asking us to remit the
appeal to the Board for further consideration. We issued an order dated January 6,
2017, granting the application and remanding the appeal to the Board. (R.R. at Item
No. 18.)
On February 2, 2017, the Board issued its decision and order vacating the
referee’s July 28, 2016 order and dismissing Claimant’s appeal from the Department’s
determinations.10 In that decision, the Board found that “[i]n December 2011, []
[C]laimant relocated from West Broad Street, but did not promptly notify the
Department of her new address.” (F.F. No. 2.)
Claimant timely appealed the Board’s February 2, 2017 decision to this
Court.
Discussion
On appeal, 11 Claimant argues that: (1) the Board erred in its reliance upon
inaccurate information regarding Claimant’s address; and (2) Claimant’s failure to file
a timely appeal was a result of a breakdown in the administrative process.
8
Finding of Fact No. 2 stated, “In December 2011, [] [C]laimant relocated to 911 Spring
Street, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, but did not promptly notify the Department of her new address.”
(R.R. at Item No. 17.)
9
See No. 1685 C.D. 2016.
The February 2, 2017 decision and order also vacated the Board’s September 9, 2016
10
decision and order.
11
On appeal, our scope of review is limited to determining whether constitutional rights have
been violated, whether an error of law has been committed, and whether findings of fact are supported
4
We begin with Claimant’s argument regarding the timeliness of her
appeal. Section 501(e) of the Law provides:
Unless the claimant or last employer or base-year employer
of the claimant files an appeal with the board, from the
determination contained in any notice required to be
furnished by the department under section five hundred and
one (a), (c) and (d), within fifteen calendar days after such
notice was delivered to him personally, or was mailed to his
last known post office address, and applies for a hearing,
such determination of the department, with respect to the
particular facts set forth in such notice, shall be final and
compensation shall be paid or denied in accordance
therewith.
43 P.S. §821(e). “This fifteen-day time limit is mandatory; if an appeal is not timely
filed within the specified time period, the determination becomes final, and the Board
does not have the requisite jurisdiction to consider the matter.” McClean v.
Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, 908 A.2d 956, 959 (Pa. Cmwlth.
2006) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted). In certain instances, this
limitation can be waived if a claimant “presents adequate excuse for his delay;
however, the claimant carries a heavy burden in such cases and is required to prove
more than mere hardship . . . .” Staten v. Unemployment Compensation Board of
Review, 488 A.2d 1207, 1209 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1985). If the claimant meets that burden,
a nunc pro tunc appeal may be allowed if there are “extraordinary circumstances
involving fraud or some breakdown in the administrative process caused by the delay
in filing.” McClean, 908 A.2d 959.
Our Supreme Court has explained that an administrative breakdown
occurs “where an administrative board or body is negligent, acts improperly or
by substantial evidence. Torres-Bobe v. Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, 125 A.3d
122, 126 n.3 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2015).
5
unintentionally misleads a party.” Union Electric Corp. v. Board of Property
Assessment, 746 A.2d 581, 584 (Pa. 2000).
In this case, Claimant alleges that an administrative breakdown occurred
because the Department mailed the determinations to the wrong address. The Board
found that Claimant relocated from her West Broad Street address in December 2011.
(Finding of Fact No. 2.) Claimant disputes this finding and contends that she resided
at that address from June 2006 through December 2012, at which time she moved to
the Westgate Street address. (Petition for Review at 2.) However, Claimant’s
testimony at the June 15, 2016 hearing before the referee suggests otherwise. At that
hearing, Claimant expressly testified that she had not lived at the Broad Street address
since December 2011. (R.R. at Item No. 10, Notes of Testimony (N.T), 6/5/16, at 4.)
Therefore, based upon Claimant’s own testimony, we cannot find that the Board erred
in finding that she relocated from the West Broad Street address in 2011.
Regardless of when Claimant moved from her Westgate Street address to
another location, she bore the responsibility of notifying the Department of her change
in address at the time it occurred. It is undisputed that, at the time the determinations
were issued, Claimant had not notified the Department of her change in address. This
Court has held:
Notices . . . to unemployment claimants which state the last
day to file an appeal therefrom and which are properly
addressed and not returned by the postal authorities are
presumed to be received, and a claimant's appeal which is not
filed within fifteen calendar days after notice of the action
was mailed to a claimant's last known address is not timely
filed. Without proof of fraud or its equivalent, there is a
presumption of regularity of the acts of public officials such
as unemployment compensation authorities. Because appeal
provisions of [the] Law are mandatory, claimants carry a
heavy burden to justify untimely appeals and, absent proof
6
of fraud, cannot prevail. Something more than mere
hardship is necessary to justify an extension of time, or its
equivalent allowance of the act nunc pro tunc. Exceptions
have been recognized, for example, where the presence of
fraud or its equivalent is shown, or where a person is misled
by an authorized official.
Ferraro v. Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, 464 A.2d 697, 698-99 (Pa.
Cwmlth. 1983) (internal citations omitted).
Here, the untimeliness of Claimant’s appeal resulted from her own failure
to notify the Department of her changed address. We also note that no evidence of
record exists to suggest that Claimant notified the United States Postal Service of her
relocation to take advantage of its mail forwarding services. The record fails to reveal
any fraud, misrepresentation, or neglect of the Department; therefore, the untimeliness
of Claimant’s appeal was not caused by a breakdown of the administrative process, and
nunc pro tunc relief is not appropriate in this case.
Conclusion
In light of Claimant’s failure to notify the Department of her change in
address, and due to the lack of any evidence of fraud, misrepresentation, or neglect by
the Department, we cannot conclude that the Board erred in dismissing Claimant’s
appeal from the Department’s determinations as untimely.
Accordingly, the Board’s order is affirmed.
________________________________
PATRICIA A. McCULLOUGH, Judge
7
IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
Tina Duhigg, :
Petitioner :
: No. 412 C.D. 2017
v. :
:
Unemployment Compensation :
Board of Review, :
Respondent :
ORDER
AND NOW, this 13th day of December, 2017, the order of the
Unemployment Compensation Board of Review dated February 2, 2017, is affirmed.
________________________________
PATRICIA A. McCULLOUGH, Judge