R. Crossan v. PA DOC and Com. of PA ( 2019 )

IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
Richard Crossan, :
Petitioner :
:
v. :
:
Pennsylvania Department of Corrections :
and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, : No. 639 M.D. 2018
Respondents : Submitted: May 3, 2019
OPINION NOT REPORTED
MEMORANDUM OPINION
PER CURIAM FILED: July 9, 2019
Before this Court are the Pennsylvania Department of Corrections’
(Department) and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania’s (collectively, Department)
preliminary objections (Preliminary Objections) to Richard Crossan’s (Crossan)
petition for review (Petition) filed in this Court’s original jurisdiction. After review,
we sustain the Preliminary Objections, and dismiss the Petition.
On October 2, 1992, the Delaware County Common Pleas Court (trial
court) sentenced Crossan to 5 to 10 years of incarceration for Robbery, and 5 to 10
years of incarceration for Conspiracy with the sentences to run concurrently (1992
Sentence). Thereafter, Crossan was released to a community corrections center
(CCC).1 On November 3, 1999, Crossan escaped from the CCC.
On April 5, 2001, the trial court sentenced Crossan to 5 to 10 years of
incarceration for Robbery (April 2001 Robbery Sentence) to run concurrent with a
federal sentence he was serving at that time.2 See Petition ¶1. Also on April 5, 2001,
1
The pleadings do not indicate on what date Crossan was released.
2
The record does not disclose on what charges Crossan was in federal custody therefor.
However, according to the Department’s Records Supervisor’s Affidavit, “Crossan was released
the trial court sentenced Crossan to 2 to 4 years of incarceration for Escape (April
2001 Escape Sentence), to run concurrent with the April 2001 Robbery Sentence and
the federal sentence (collectively, April 2001 Sentences). See Petition ¶2. On
October 20, 2002, the Department lodged a detainer against Crossan to retrieve him
before he was released from federal custody, to complete the unserved portion of the
1992 Sentence.
Crossan has served his April 2001 Sentences. He is currently
incarcerated in a Georgia federal penitentiary. Crossan’s projected release date from
federal custody is August or September of 2019.
On October 9, 2018, Crossan filed the Petition requesting that the
Department remove any and all detainers it placed against him. On December 5,
2018,3 the Department filed the Preliminary Objections in the nature of a demurrer
alleging that since the detainer is proper, Crossan cannot state a claim upon which
relief can be granted. Crossan filed an Answer thereto.
The law is well settled:
In ruling on preliminary objections, we must accept as true
all well-pleaded material allegations in the petition for
review, as well as all inferences reasonably deduced
therefrom. The Court need not accept as true conclusions
of law, unwarranted inferences from facts, argumentative
allegations, or expressions of opinion. In order to sustain
preliminary objections, it must appear with certainty that
the law will not permit recovery, and any doubt should be
resolved by a refusal to sustain them.
A preliminary objection in the nature of a demurrer admits
every well-pleaded fact in the [petition for review in the
nature of a] complaint and all inferences reasonably
deducible therefrom. It tests the legal sufficiency of the
into the custody of the United States Marshal Service on November 24, 1999.” Preliminary
Objections Ex. B at 4.
3
This Court granted the Department two extensions to answer the Petition to allow the
Department staff time to review Crossan’s sentencing information to ensure the correctness thereof.
2
challenged pleadings and will be sustained only in cases
where the pleader has clearly failed to state a claim for
which relief can be granted. When ruling on a demurrer,
a court must confine its analysis to the [petition for
review in the nature of a] complaint.
Torres v. Beard, 997 A.2d 1242, 1245 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2010) (emphasis added; citations
omitted). “[C]ourts reviewing preliminary objections may not only consider the facts
pled in the complaint, but also any documents or exhibits attached to it.” Allen v.
Dep’t of Corr., 103 A.3d 365, 369 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2014). Thus, when deciding
preliminary objections, this Court’s analysis is limited to the Petition and attachments
thereto.
“An examination of the relief requested establishes the nature of the
cause of action and, thus, the standards to be applied to a demurrer.” Garber v. Pa.
Dep’t of Corr. Sec’y, 851 A.2d 222, 225 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2004). Here, the Petition
provides that Crossan seeks the “[Department] to remove any and all detainers it has
placed against [Crossan].” Petition at 2.
A mandamus action is one where the petitioner seeks to
compel the performance of a mandatory duty or a
ministerial act by a governmental unit.
Here, the remedy [Crossan] seeks is to compel the
[Department] to take certain actions. It is clear [the
P]etition is in fact seeking a writ of mandamus. Therefore,
we will treat it as such.
Kretchmar v. Commonwealth, 831 A.2d 793, 797 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2003) (citation
omitted).
Mandamus is an extraordinary remedy that compels the
official performance of a ministerial act or a mandatory
duty. We may issue a writ of mandamus only where, ‘(1)
the petitioner has a clear legal right to enforce the
performance of an act, (2) the defendant has a
corresponding duty to perform the act and (3) the petitioner
has no other adequate or appropriate remedy.’ Saunders [v.
Dep’t of Corr.], 749 A.2d [553,] 556 [(Pa. Cmwlth. 2000)].
3
Mandamus, ‘will not lie to control the exercise of discretion
unless the defendant’s action is so arbitrary as to be no
exercise of discretion at all.’ Atlantic-Inland, Inc. v. Bd. of
Supervisors of W[.] Goshen [Twp.], 410 A.2d 380, 383 ([Pa.
Cmwlth.] 1980)[.]
Kretchmar, 831 A.2d at 798 (citations omitted).
In his brief, Crossan states: “The intended end result of the Delaware
County matters was that all state time would run concurrent with [] Crossan’s
[f]ederal [s]entence including the back time for the 1992 Sentence that [] Crossan
‘escaped’ from.” Crossan Br. at 6. However, nowhere in the Petition does Crossan
allege that the 2001 April Sentences were to run concurrent with his 1992 Sentence.
Indeed, the trial court’s “Certificate[s] of Imposition of Judgment of Sentence
[(Certificate)]” reflect otherwise. Petition Exs. A, B.
Specifically, the Certificate for the 2001 Robbery Sentence includes a
block stating: “The defendant shall receive such credit for time served as he is
entitled by the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. The sentences,
confinement, and/or probation imposed shall be consecutive or concurrent as
follows[.]” Petition Ex. A(G). In answer thereto, the trial court hand wrote: “To Run
Concurrent w/Federal Sentence[.]” Id. Similarly, the Certificate for the 2001
Escape Sentence includes a block stating: “The defendant shall receive such credit for
time served as he is entitled by the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. The
sentences, confinement, and/or probation imposed shall be consecutive or concurrent
as follows[.]” Petition Ex. B(G). In answer thereto, the trial court hand wrote: “To
Run Concurrent w/4897-99 [the 2001 Robbery Sentence] + Federal Sentence[.]” Id.
Because Crossan does not allege that he has served the remainder of the
1992 Sentence, and there are no allegations to support the fact that the detainer is not
proper, he cannot establish that he has a clear legal right to relief.4 Accordingly, the
4
Because Crossan’s only remaining claim is an isolated statement alleging “that the
[Department’s] failure to remove the detainer is in violation of his Constitution[al] rights[,]” and
4
Department’s Preliminary Objections are sustained and Crossan’s Petition is
dismissed.
Crossan does not aver any facts supporting his allegation that the detainer was improperly lodged, it
is insufficient to permit the Petition to go forward. Petition ¶6.
5
IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
Richard Crossan, :
Petitioner :
:
v. :
:
Pennsylvania Department of Corrections :
and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, : No. 639 M.D. 2018
Respondents :
PER CURIAM
ORDER
AND NOW, this 9th day of July, 2019, the Pennsylvania Department of
Corrections’ and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania’s preliminary objections are
SUSTAINED, and Richard Crossan’s petition for review is DISMISSED.