J.H. Miller v. PBPP ( 2019 )

IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
John Henry Miller, :
Petitioner :
:
v. : No. 821 C.D. 2018
: Submitted: February 15, 2019
Pennsylvania Board of Probation and :
Parole, :
Respondent :
BEFORE: HONORABLE MARY HANNAH LEAVITT, President Judge
HONORABLE PATRICIA A. McCULLOUGH, Judge
HONORABLE ELLEN CEISLER, Judge
OPINION NOT REPORTED
MEMORANDUM OPINION
BY PRESIDENT JUDGE LEAVITT FILED: May 6, 2019
John Henry Miller, an inmate at the State Correctional Institution (SCI)
at Laurel Highlands, petitions for review of an adjudication of the Pennsylvania
Board of Probation and Parole (Board) denying his administrative appeal. Miller
argues that the Board incorrectly calculated his recommitment sentence. Discerning
no error by the Board, we affirm.
In 2009, Miller pled guilty to illegal firearm possession and received a
state sentence of five to ten years, with a maximum sentence date of March 21, 2018.
On March 21, 2013, Miller was released on parole from SCI-Laurel Highlands to
West Virginia to live with family.1
1
The Board transferred the supervision of Miller’s parole to West Virginia authorities under the
Interstate Compact for the Supervision of Adult Offenders Act, 61 Pa. C.S. §§7111–7115. The
Interstate Compact is an agreement entered into by the states to govern the movement, supervision
and rehabilitation of parolees and probationers. 61 Pa. C.S. §7112. See also W. Va. Code, §28-
7-1.
On March 3, 2015, Miller was indicted in West Virginia for first degree
sexual assault. Pursuant to a plea agreement, he was sentenced to one to five years
of incarceration, to run concurrent with any outstanding Pennsylvania sentences.
Miller was paroled from West Virginia on June 1, 2017, to the Board’s custody. He
waived his right to a parole revocation hearing. On October 4, 2017, the Board
recommitted Miller as a convicted parole violator to serve 24 months of backtime.
The Board recalculated Miller’s maximum sentence date to be June 22, 2021. The
Board did not award any credit towards Miller’s Pennsylvania sentence for his time
spent at liberty on parole, also referred to as “street time,” because his new
conviction was for a sexual offense. See 61 Pa. C.S. §6138(a)(2.1)(i).2
On October 18, 2017, Miller filed an “Administrative Remedies Form”
with the Board, arguing that he was entitled to credit for the 2½ years he served in a
West Virginia prison and could not have forfeited 24 months of street time because
he had only 20 months and 15 days available.
The Board affirmed its prior decision recommitting Miller. In its reply
to his administrative remedies form, the Board rejected Miller’s arguments that it
erred in recalculating his maximum date. Miller now petitions for this Court’s
review.
2
It states:
(2.1) The board may, in its discretion, award credit to a parolee recommitted under
paragraph (2) for the time spent at liberty on parole, unless any of the following
apply:
(i) The crime committed during the period of parole or while
delinquent on parole is a crime of violence as defined in 42 Pa.C.S.
§9714(g) (relating to sentences for second and subsequent offenses)
or a crime requiring registration under 42 Pa.C.S. Ch. 97 Subch. H
(relating to registration of sexual offenders).
61 Pa. C.S. §6138(a)(2.1)(i).
2
On appeal,3 Miller raises two issues. First, he argues that the Board
erred in not honoring the terms of his West Virginia plea agreement, which stated
that his West Virginia sentence would run concurrently with any outstanding
Pennsylvania sentences. Second, he argues that the Board erred in recommitting
him for 24 months when he had only 20 months and 15 days of street time available
to forfeit.
In his first issue, Miller argues that he is entitled to receive the benefit
of his plea bargain with the state’s attorney in West Virginia. In accordance with
that agreement, the West Virginia court ordered that “if [Miller] is returned to
Pennsylvania for parole violations his sentence in this case shall run concurrent with
any remaining Pennsylvania sentence.” Reproduced Record at 78 (emphasis
original). The West Virginia court sentenced him to five years in prison for his
sexual assault conviction. Miller asserts that, because he bargained away his
constitutional rights in securing the plea agreement, he is entitled to credit toward
his Pennsylvania sentence for time served in West Virginia. Miller cites the
Interstate Compact between Pennsylvania and West Virginia to support his claim
that the Board must honor the West Virginia court’s sentence.
We begin with a review of the relevant law. In Vance v. Pennsylvania
Board of Probation and Parole, 741 A.2d 838 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1999), the Pennsylvania
parolee was arrested in New Jersey. He posted bail and returned to the
Commonwealth on the Board’s detainer, which recommitted him as a technical
parole violator. Eventually the parolee returned to New Jersey on a writ. After the
3
This Court’s review determines whether the Board’s findings of fact are supported by substantial
evidence, whether an error of law has been committed, or whether the parolee’s constitutional
rights have been violated. Section 704 of the Administrative Agency Law, 2 Pa. C.S. § 704; Moroz
v. Pennsylvania Board of Probation and Parole, 660 A.2d 131, 132 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1995).
3
parolee pled guilty, a New Jersey court sentenced him to serve a five-year term “to
run concurrent to any Pennsylvania sentence.” Id. at 839. The Board later
recommitted the parolee as a convicted parole violator and calculated his new
maximum sentence date. In doing so, it gave him no credit for time served in New
Jersey. On appeal to this Court, the parolee argued that the Board erred.
Relevant in Vance was former Section 21.1(a) of what was commonly
known as the Parole Act,4 which mandated that a parolee’s sentence for a crime
committed on parole must be served before he can serve the time remaining on the
parolee’s original sentence. A Pennsylvania court cannot order otherwise.
Likewise, the Board cannot order a recommitment sentence to run concurrently with
a parolee’s new sentence for an offense committed while on parole.
In Vance, this Court addressed Walker v. Pennsylvania Board of
Probation and Parole, 729 A.2d 634 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1999). In that case, the
Pennsylvania parolee committed a crime in Maryland. After his Maryland arrest,
4
Act of August 6, 1941, P.L. 861, as amended, 61 P.S. §331.21a(a), added by the Act of August
24, 1951, P.L. 1401, repealed by the Act of August 11, 2009, P.L. 147. Former Section 21.1(a)
stated, in relevant part:
If a new sentence is imposed upon such parolee, the service of the balance of said
term originally imposed shall precede the commencement of the new term imposed
in the following cases:
(1) If a person is paroled from any State penal or correctional
institution under the control and supervision of the Department of
Justice and the new sentence imposed upon him is to be served in
any such State penal or correctional institution.
(2) If a person is paroled from a county penal or correctional
institution and the new sentence imposed upon him is to be served
in the same county penal or correctional institution. In all other
cases, the service of the new term for the latter crime shall precede
commencement of the balance of the term originally imposed.
Former 61 P.S. §331.21a(a). Section 6138(a)(5) of the Prisons and Parole Code, 61 Pa. C.S.
§6138(a)(5), applicable in this case, contains similar language.
4
the Board recommitted him as a technical parole violator. Eventually, the parolee
was transported back to Maryland. The Maryland sentencing court awarded him
credit on his Maryland sentence for the time he was incarcerated in Pennsylvania as
a technical parole violator. He was then returned to the Commonwealth. The Board
recommitted the parolee as a convicted parole violator. In recalculating his new
maximum sentence date, the Board did not give him credit on his Pennsylvania
sentence for time served in Pennsylvania as a technical parole violator. This Court
reversed the Board. We reasoned that the Maryland court’s award of credit on his
Maryland sentence for time served in Pennsylvania had to be honored by
Pennsylvania under the Full Faith and Credit Clause of the United States
Constitution.5
Vance distinguished Walker. In Vance, the State of New Jersey sought
to direct the Board to give Mr. Vance credit on his Pennsylvania sentence for time
served in New Jersey. The New Jersey court was not authorized to make an order
that conflicted with the Parole Act, any more than a Pennsylvania court could enter
such an order. The Full Faith and Credit Clause was, therefore, not triggered. In
Vance, accordingly, this Court held that the parolee was not entitled to credit on his
Pennsylvania sentence for time served in New Jersey.
Miller’s case is analogous to Vance. Miller’s contested period of
confinement was served in a West Virginia prison. The West Virginia court was
free to impose a sentence concurrent with Miller’s Pennsylvania sentence, but that
5
The Full Faith and Credit Clause provides:
Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each State to the public Acts, Records, and
judicial Proceedings of every other State; and the Congress may by general Laws
prescribe the Manner in which such Acts, Records and Proceedings shall be proved,
and the Effect thereof.
U.S. CONST. art. IV, §1.
5
does not mean the Board is required to grant Miller credit toward his Pennsylvania
sentence for time served in a West Virginia prison. We reject Miller’s argument to
the contrary.
We next address Miller’s argument that the Board erred by ordering
him to serve 24 months of backtime. Miller argues that he had only 20 months and
15 days of street time to “forfeit” and, thus, could not be ordered to serve 24 months
backtime. Miller misunderstands the Board’s decision. “[W]hen the Board imposes
backtime, it is establishing a new parole eligibility date for the parolee, in effect, a
recomputed minimum term. Upon completion of the Board-imposed backtime, the
parolee has a right to again apply for parole and have the Board consider that
application.” Krantz v. Pennsylvania Board of Probation and Parole, 483 A.2d
1044, 1048 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1984).
Here, the Board’s September 19, 2017, recommitment order required
Miller to serve 24 months backtime on his original sentence as a result of his new
conviction for a sexual offense. When paroled by the Board in 2013, Miller had
more than five years left to serve on his original sentence, which had a maximum
ten-year length. The Board’s new parole eligibility date for Miller has nothing to do
with whether or not Miller was entitled to credit toward his Pennsylvania sentence
for his street time. In fact, he received no credit for his street time. Rather, the Board
ordered that Miller must serve 24 months of the total time remaining on his original
sentence before he can again be a candidate for parole from his Pennsylvania
sentence.
Accordingly, we affirm the Board’s order.
_____________________________________
MARY HANNAH LEAVITT, President Judge
6
IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
John Henry Miller, :
Petitioner :
:
v. : No. 821 C.D. 2018
:
Pennsylvania Board of Probation and :
Parole, :
Respondent :
ORDER
AND NOW, this 6th day of May, 2019, the order of the Pennsylvania
Board of Probation and Parole dated May 15, 2018, in the above-captioned matter is
AFFIRMED.
_____________________________________
MARY HANNAH LEAVITT, President Judge