J. Corliss v. PSP ( 2016 )

IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
Justin Corliss, :
Petitioner :
:
v. : No. 580 M.D. 2014
: SUBMITTED: October 2, 2015
Pennsylvania State Police, :
Respondent :
BEFORE: HONORABLE BONNIE BRIGANCE LEADBETTER, Judge1
HONORABLE P. KEVIN BROBSON, Judge
HONORABLE ROCHELLE S. FRIEDMAN, Senior Judge
OPINION NOT REPORTED
MEMORANDUM OPINION BY
JUDGE LEADBETTER FILED: April 26, 2016
Before us for disposition in our original jurisdiction is the pro se
amended application for summary relief of Petitioner Justin Corliss seeking
declaratory and injunctive relief pertaining to Respondent Pennsylvania State
Police’s (PSP) implementation of the Sexual Offender Registration and
Notification Act (SORNA).2 We deny Corliss’ application.
1
This case was assigned to the opinion writer on or before January 31, 2016, when Judge
Leadbetter assumed the status of senior judge.
2
Sections 9799.10-9799.41 of the Sentencing Code, 42 Pa. C.S. §§ 9799.10-9799.41.
In November 2014, Corliss filed a “petition for review-complaint in
mandamus-with notice to plead.”3 In pertinent part, he alleged that he was
convicted of four crimes in July 1998: indecent assault, corruption of minors,
statutory sexual assault and aggravated indecent assault. Petition for Review, ¶ 4.
Sentenced to four to ten years of imprisonment, he completed ten years of
imprisonment in 2008. Id., ¶ 6. He further alleged that he was required upon his
release from prison to register for ten years under “permutations of Megan’s Law”
and that he appeared for his annual verification at PSP’s Swiftwater, Pennsylvania,
barracks in August 2012. Id., ¶ 7. At that time, he alleged that he duly verified the
information on file, made appropriate corrections and registered one of his vehicles
notwithstanding an alleged lack of duty to do so. Id., ¶ 9. He further alleged that,
at that time, he owned and operated three commercial vehicles related to his
business. Id., ¶ 10.
Additionally, Corliss averred that he complied with the registration
requirements up until December 2012, when PSP advised him via letter that
SORNA had been enacted, that he was now classified as a Tier III offender,4 that
3
Although Corliss captioned his petition for review as a complaint in mandamus, he is also
requesting declaratory and injunctive relief. For disposition purposes, substance will prevail
over form. See Taylor v. Pa. State Police, 132 A.3d 590, 599-600 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2016) (en banc)
(where petitioner labeled his petition as petition for review in the nature of a writ of mandamus,
but did not request that PSP undertake a mandatory duty and, instead, requested declaratory and
injunctive relief, this Court held that it would consider the petition as if filed in the nature of a
declaratory judgment).
4
For the first time, the legislature in SORNA established a three-tier classification system
for sexual offenses. Section 9799.14 of the Sentencing Code, 42 Pa. C.S. § 9799.14. An
individual’s tier status is dependent upon the offense committed and impacts the length of time
an individual is required to register and the severity of the punishment should he or she provide
false information or fail to register. The period of registration for each of the tiers is as follows:
Tier III - lifetime; Tier II - twenty-five years; Tier I - fifteen years. Section 9799.15(a)(1)-(3) of
the Sentencing Code, 42 Pa. C.S. § 9799.15(a)(1)-(3).
2
his former ten-year registration period had been extended to life, that his once-per-
year updates had been expanded to every three months, and that he would be
required during the registration process to verify his current information and to
provide additional information or items regarding the vehicles that he owned or
operated. Id., ¶¶ 11, 12.
Subsequently, PSP advised Corliss that he was required to make his
verification between January 26, 2013, and February 4, 2013. Id., ¶ 13. He
alleged that PSP did not mention the registration of additional vehicles or any
registration process. Id. Corliss alleged that he appeared at PSP’s barracks on
February 1, 2013, at which time he duly verified the information on file.
Specifically, he alleged as follows:
There was no change to any of the enumerated items
listed thereon from the August 1, 2012 verification,
excepting that [Corliss] no longer used his Plymouth van
and duly added his Subaru Outback as his primary mode
of transportation. [PSP’s] form provided no space to add
vehicles and [it] took no opportunity to explain a duty to
register [his] commercial vehicles, nor utilized
information available to [PSP] by the Department of
Transportation to assist [him] in complying with
SORNA.
Id., ¶ 14. Thereafter, in response to PSP’s subsequent April 2013 directive, Corliss
alleged that he once again appeared at PSP’s barracks in May 2013 and duly
verified his information and indicated that no changes had occurred since the prior
verification. Id., ¶¶ 15-16.
Corliss further alleged that a PSP trooper telephoned him in July
2013, advised him that a number of vehicles were on his property, and told him
that PSP would charge him with violating Megan’s Law if he did not report to the
barracks within thirty minutes in order to register them. Corliss alleged that he
3
collected the registration slips for his three commercial vehicles and reported to the
barracks. Id., ¶ 17. Although Corliss alleged that the phone call was a ruse in
order to arrest him for an unrelated matter, PSP nonetheless charged him with three
counts of knowingly failing to register his three commercial vehicles in violation
of Section 4915.1(a)(3) of the Crimes Code, 18 Pa. C.S. § 4915.1(a)(3). Id., ¶¶ 18
and 20. Corliss alleged that he has been imprisoned in excess of one year due to
PSP’s conduct and that his prosecution for the SORNA offenses is pending. Id., ¶¶
55 and 78-79.
As for Corliss’ arguments in his petition, he alleges that SORNA’s
application to him violates the ex post facto and double jeopardy clauses of both
the United States and Pennsylvania Constitutions, that there is no rational basis for
SORNA’s requirement that he register his commercial vehicles, that PSP’s
December 2012 notice regarding SORNA was insufficient under the law’s notice
provision, that his underlying convictions should be overturned, and that his
pending prosecution for SORNA violations should be aborted. Id., ¶¶ 31-33, 35-
52, 61-62. Accordingly, Corliss requests that this Court enter an order finding that
SORNA is unconstitutionally retroactive, that it is an ex post facto law, that it is
punitive, that it violates the double jeopardy clauses of both of the aforementioned
constitutions and that it does not apply to him. Id., ¶ 68.
Further, Corliss requests a finding that PSP failed to comply with
Section 9799.20 of the Sentencing Code, 42 Pa. C.S. § 9799.20, setting forth a duty
to inform an individual of his obligation to register and requiring him to sign a
form that the obligation has been explained to him and that he understands it.
Specifically, Corliss requests findings that PSP’s conduct did not meet that duty
and that PSP should be directed to inform him of his obligation consistent with the
4
alleged forms and procedures used by the Court of Common Pleas of Monroe
County. Id., ¶¶ 69, 73. In addition, he requests a declaration prohibiting PSP from
assisting the Monroe County District Attorney in prosecuting the charges already
brought against him and an injunction preventing PSP from prosecuting him for
alleged SORNA violations. Id., ¶¶ 70-71, and 79. Alternatively, he requests that
his prosecution for alleged SORNA violations be stayed pending resolution of the
instant petition for review. Id., ¶ 78. Finally, if SORNA is found to be applicable,
then he requests a declaration that he will not be required to list his commercial
vehicles and that he be reclassified as a Tier I offender. Id., ¶ 74, 82.
After filing his petition for review, Corliss filed a November 25, 2014,
application for summary relief and an April 20, 2015, amended application for
summary relief. In the interim, PSP filed preliminary objections in December
2014. In May 2015, this Court granted PSP’s application to stay proceedings on
Corliss’ amended application pending disposition of PSP’s preliminary objections.
In June 2015, however, this Court granted Corliss’ application to vacate the stay on
his amended application, to which PSP had not responded.5 Further, we ordered
that, upon the filing of PSP’s brief in opposition to Corliss’ amended application
for summary relief, PSP’s preliminary objections and Corliss’ amended application
be submitted to a panel of judges of this Court for disposition on briefs without
oral argument.
In the April 2015 amended application for summary relief at issue,
Corliss alleges that SORNA’s current registration requirements do not apply to him
5
In July 2015, PSP filed an application for enlargement of time to file a response to Corliss’
amended application for summary relief. Therein, counsel indicated that he mistakenly failed to
file a timely brief opposing Corliss’ application to vacate the stay. Absent a response from
Corliss, this Court granted PSP’s application in a July 2015 order.
5
and/or are unconstitutional. Accordingly, he requests that we enter an order: (1)
finding that PSP failed to comply with Sections 9799.19 and 9799.20 of the
Sentencing Code, 42 Pa. C.S. §§ 9799.19 and 9799.20, pertaining to the
individual’s initial duty to register with PSP and PSP’s aforementioned duty to
inform; (2) enjoining PSP from charging him with a violation of Section 4915.1 of
the Crimes Code, 18 Pa. C.S. § 4915.1, failure to comply with registration
requirements, and from assisting the Monroe County District Attorney’s Office
with prosecuting the charges already filed; (3) finding that his failure to register his
three commercial vehicles constitutes a non-prosecutable de minimis infraction;
and (4) issuing a stay in the common pleas case of Commonwealth v. Corliss, No.
1748 C.R. 2013, pending resolution of the above-captioned action.
In response, PSP requests that we deny Corliss’ amended application
in its entirety or stay a ruling pending disposition of its preliminary objections. In
this last regard, it represents that, if we were to sustain its preliminary objections,
Corliss’ action would be dismissed in its entirety. In the alternative, it requests that
we consolidate disposition of the two pleadings. This Court, however, previously
granted PSP’s application for a stay on Corliss’ amended application. Further, in
the absence of a response from PSP, we then granted his application to vacate that
stay. In any event, we are not precluded from ruling on Corliss’ amended
application before ruling on PSP’s preliminary objections. See Marshall v. Pa. Bd.
of Prob. & Parole, 638 A.2d 451, 453 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1994) (holding that, “[a]s with
a motion for peremptory judgment, an application for summary relief may be
granted without the filing of an answer and prior to disposing of outstanding
preliminary objections”). Accordingly, we turn to Corliss’ amended application,
which is all that is before us for disposition at this time.
6
In pertinent part, Rule 1532(b), Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate
Procedure 1532(b), provides that this Court may grant summary relief after the
filing of a petition for review in our original jurisdiction if the right of the applicant
thereto is clear. The application will be denied where there are material facts in
dispute or it is not clear that the applicant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.
Brown v. Pa. Dep’t of Corr., 932 A.2d 316, 318 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2007). In addition,
we are required to view the evidence in the light most favorable to the non-moving
party. Ingram v. Newman, 830 A.2d 1099, 1102 n.4 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2003).
Regarding the specific relief requested, we note that the decision to grant or to
deny declaratory relief rests within our sound discretion as a court exercising its
original jurisdiction. Id. at 1102. Further, in order to prevail in an action for
injunction, “a party must establish that his right to relief is clear, that an injunction
is necessary to avoid injury that cannot be compensated by damages, and that
greater injury will result from refusing rather than granting the relief requested.”
Id.
As a threshold matter, we reject Corliss’ contention that SORNA’s
current registration requirements do not apply to him. As Corliss alleged, he was
convicted of four crimes in July 1988, including aggravated indecent assault.
Petition for Review, ¶ 4. At the time of his 2008 release, Megan’s Law III was in
effect and, thereunder, an individual convicted of aggravated indecent assault
pursuant to Section 3125 of the Crimes Code, 18 Pa. C.S. § 3125, was subject to
lifetime registration. Section 9795.1 of Megan’s Law III, 42 Pa. C.S. § 9795.1
(expired December 20, 2012, pursuant to Section 9799.41 of the Sentencing Code,
42 Pa. C.S. § 9799.41). Further, when SORNA was passed on December 20, 2011,
7
it was expressly made applicable to individuals who were required to be registered
under previous versions of Megan’s Law. It provides, inter alia:
The following individuals shall register with the
Pennsylvania State Police as provided in sections
9799.15 (relating to period of registration), 9799.19
(relating to initial registration) and 9799.25 (relating to
verification by sexual offenders and Pennsylvania State
Police) and otherwise comply with the provisions of this
subchapter:
****
(3) An individual who:
(i) was required to register with the Pennsylvania
State Police pursuant to this subchapter prior to
December 20, 2012, and who had not fulfilled the
individual's period of registration as of December 20,
2012; or
****
(3.1) The following:
(i) An individual who between January 23, 2005,
and December 19, 2012, was:
****
(B) released from a period of incarceration
resulting from a conviction for a sexually violent offense;
or
(C) under the supervision of the Pennsylvania
Board of Probation and Parole or county probation or
parole as a result of a conviction for a sexually violent
offense.
Section 9799.13(3) and (3.1) of the Sentencing Code, 42 Pa. C.S. § 9799.13(3) and
(3.1). Because all of the above-quoted conditions apply to Corliss, SORNA now
applies to him and he was correctly classified as a Tier III offender. Section
9799.15(a)(3) of the Sentencing Code, 42 Pa. C.S. § 9799.15(a)(3).
8
Moreover, we also reject Corliss’ general contention that SORNA is
unconstitutional, e.g. that it constitutes an ex post facto law. In Coppolino v.
Noonan, 102 A.3d 1254, 1278-79 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2014), aff’d, ___ A.3d ___ (Pa.,
No. 132 MAP 2014, filed November 20, 2015), we concluded that the only
registration requirement that was punitive and posed an ex post facto concern was
Section 9799.15(g) of the Sentencing Code, 42 Pa. C.S. § 9799.15(g), requiring
those convicted prior to SORNA to provide in-person updates to certain
registration information.6 Here, however, Corliss challenges SORNA’s
requirement that he register his three commercial vehicles in compliance with
Section 4915.1(a)(3) of the Crimes Code. In that regard, he requests that we
declare his failure to do so a de minimis violation of SORNA.
We turn now to Corliss’ specific concerns regarding PSP’s duty to
inform under SORNA. While it is true that Section 9799.20(1) and (2) of the
Sentencing Code provides that PSP, among other entities and individuals, has the
duty to inform the required-to-register sex offender of his duties under the
subchapter and to require him “to read and sign a form stating that the duty to
register has been explained and that the individual understands the registration
requirement[,]” that provision, on its face, applies only to the individual’s initial
registration. This conclusion is clear from the introductory paragraph of Section
9799.20, which provides, in pertinent part, that it seeks to implement the
provisions of Section 9799.19 relating to initial registration.7
6
The in-person updates set forth in subsection (g) are in addition to the periodic in-person
appearances required in other subsections of Section 9799.15.
7
Only one subsection of Section 9799.19 pertains to those individuals already required to
register. Specifically, Section 9799.19(j) applies to individuals already subject to registration
under Section 9799.13(3), which covers an individual who was required to register with PSP
prior to December 20, 2012, and who did not fulfill his period of registration as of that date.
(Footnote continued on next page…)
9
Moreover, in his petition for review, Corliss acknowledged PSP’s
December 2012 letter advising him that, in addition to verifying his current
information, he would be required under SORNA “to provide the following
additional items or information during the registration process . . . vehicles owned
or operated[.]” Petition for Review, ¶12 (emphasis added). Accordingly, we
cannot say that Corliss has a clear right to relief regarding his contentions
concerning the registration of his additional vehicles.
Finally, we address Corliss’ request that we enjoin PSP from charging
him with violations under SORNA, as filed, enjoin it from assisting the Monroe
County District Attorney in prosecuting the SORNA charges and enter a stay in the
common pleas case pending resolution of the above-captioned action. In light of
Corliss’ failure to demonstrate that his right to relief is clear as well as the
remaining criteria for injunctive relief, we decline to enter a stay in the underlying
criminal case in common pleas.
Accordingly, we deny Petitioner Corliss’ amended application for
summary relief.
_____________________________________
BONNIE BRIGANCE LEADBETTER,
Judge
_____________________________
(continued…)
PSP’s duty under subsection (j) is to “ensure that the information set forth in section 9799.16(c)
with respect to the individual is collected and entered in the registry.”
10
IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
Justin Corliss, :
Petitioner :
:
v. : No. 580 M.D. 2014
:
Pennsylvania State Police, :
Respondent :
ORDER
AND NOW, this 26th day of April, 2016, the amended application for
summary relief of Petitioner Justin Corliss is hereby DENIED.
_____________________________________
BONNIE BRIGANCE LEADBETTER,
Judge