C.S. LaMarche, Sr. v. PSP ( 2018 )

IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
Christopher S. LaMarche, Sr., :
:
Petitioner :
:
v. : No. 1847 C.D. 2016
: Submitted: September 22, 2017
Pennsylvania State Police, :
:
Respondent :
BEFORE: HONORABLE ROBERT SIMPSON, Judge
HONORABLE MICHAEL H. WOJCIK, Judge
HONORABLE BONNIE BRIGANCE LEADBETTER, Senior Judge
OPINION NOT REPORTED
MEMORANDUM OPINION
BY JUDGE WOJCIK FILED: January 25, 2018
Christopher S. LaMarche, Sr. (Petitioner), pro se, petitions for review
from a final order of an Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) of the Office of Attorney
General (OAG), which upheld the determination of the Pennsylvania State Police
(PSP) denying his firearms application. Upon review, we affirm.
In January 2016, Petitioner submitted an application for the purchase
or transfer of firearms. His application was denied when a Pennsylvania Instate
Check System report revealed a disqualifying conviction in 2013. The conviction
was for simple assault, a second degree misdemeanor (M2), under 18
Pa. C.S. §2701(a)(1). The victim of the simple assault was his then-spouse. The
conviction constituted a “misdemeanor crime of domestic violence,” which triggered
state and federal firearm prohibition. See 18 Pa. C.S. §6105(c)(9); 18 U.S.C.
§921(a)(9); 18 U.S.C. §922(g)(33).
In February 2016, Petitioner filed an administrative challenge with the
PSP, pursuant to 18 Pa. C.S. §6111.1(e), requesting review of his background check
denial. PSP confirmed the disqualifying simple assault conviction and upheld the
denial. Petitioner timely appealed and an ALJ held a hearing.
At the hearing, PSP presented the criminal complaint and docket
information, which reflected that Petitioner was charged with simple assault (M2)
and harassment, a summary offense. Reproduced Record (R.R.) at 4-11 (PSP
Exhibit B).1 According to the complaint, on August 3, 2012, Petitioner struck his
then-wife in the head, legs, arms, and stomach. Id. at 9. The complaint further
reflects that police observed that the victim had a black eye. Id. The criminal docket
reveals that Petitioner entered a guilty plea to the simple assault on January 11, 2013
and was sentenced to 24 months of probation. Id. at 5.
Petitioner did not dispute the fact that he pled guilty to the 2013 simple
assault. See Certified Record, ALJ Hearing, 9/30/16, Notes of Testimony (N.T.), at
14-21. Petitioner did not challenge the accuracy of the records submitted by PSP.
See id. at 12, 17. He also did not challenge that the simple assault involved domestic
violence. See id. Rather, Petitioner elicited testimony that he had never been
arrested prior to the August 3, 2012 incident. Id. at 13. Petitioner testified that he
was accused of something he did not do. Id. at 16. According to Petitioner, he was
“told by the judge and by the lawyer if I do everything that I’m supposed to do,
which I did with zero problems, then I would be awarded my firearms back.” Id. at
15.
1
Petitioner did not number the pages of his Reproduced Record. See Pa. R.A.P. 2173
(requiring pagination). For ease of citation, the Court referenced the numbering generated by
electronic pagination, starting with the cover page as page one.
2
Based on the testimony and documentary evidence presented, the ALJ
found that the records maintained by PSP are accurate. The ALJ concluded that
Petitioner was convicted of a misdemeanor crime of domestic violence. Because of
this conviction, the ALJ determined that Petitioner is precluded from acquiring or
possessing a firearm under both federal and state law. By order dated September 30,
2016, the ALJ upheld the PSP’s determination denying Petitioner’s firearms
application.
Petitioner then petitioned this Court for review.2 Petitioner argues that
the ALJ erred in upholding the PSP’s determination. Petitioner asserts that the
information PSP relied upon is false and that PSP cannot provide proof of domestic
violence against his ex-wife. Although Petitioner admits he pled guilty to a
misdemeanor of simple assault against his ex-wife, he denies assaulting her.
PSP is required to review firearm applications “to determine if the
potential purchaser or transferee is prohibited from receipt or possession of a firearm
under Federal or State law . . . .” 18 Pa. C.S. §6111.1(b)(1)(i). Under Section
922(g)(9) of the federal Gun Control Act of 1968, it is unlawful for any person “who
has been convicted in any court of a misdemeanor crime of domestic violence” to
acquire or possess a firearm. 18 U.S.C. §922(g)(9). A “misdemeanor crime of
domestic violence” is defined as an offense which:
(i) is a misdemeanor under Federal, State, or Tribal law;
and
(ii) has, as an element, the use or attempted use of physical
force, or the threatened use of a deadly weapon, committed
by a current or former spouse, parent, or guardian of the
2
Our review is limited to determining whether the necessary findings are supported by
substantial evidence, whether constitutional rights were violated or whether an error of law was
committed. Freeman v. Pennsylvania State Police, 2 A.3d 1259, 1260 n.2 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2010).
3
victim, by a person with whom the victim shares a child in
common, by a person who is cohabiting with or has
cohabited with the victim as a spouse, parent, or guardian,
or by a person similarly situated to a spouse, parent, or
guardian of the victim.
18 U.S.C. §921(a)(33)(A) (footnote omitted).
In accord thereto, Pennsylvania law prohibits individuals from
possessing, using, controlling, selling, or transferring a firearm if they are
“prohibited from possessing or acquiring a firearm under 18 U.S.C. §922(g)(9)
(relating to unlawful acts).” Section 6105(c)(9) of the Pennsylvania Uniform
Firearms Act of 1995, 18 Pa. C.S. §6105(c)(9). Furthermore, “[i]f the offense which
resulted in the prohibition under 18 U.S.C. §922(g)(9) was committed, as provided
in 18 U.S.C. § 921(a)(33)(A)(ii) (relating to definitions), by a person in any of [the
enumerated relationships] . . . then the relationship need not be an element of the
offense to meet the requirements of this paragraph.” Id. “[T]he current or former
spouse . . . of the victim” is included in the list of enumerated relationships. 18
Pa. C.S. §6105(c)(9)(i).
Here, Petitioner pled guilty to and was convicted of simple assault (M2)
under 18 Pa. C.S. §2701(a)(1).3 See ALJ Opinion, 1/20/17, at 3-4; R.R. at 5, 7. The
3
Section 2701(a)(1) provides “[a] person is guilty of assault if he: (1) attempts to cause or
intentionally, knowingly or recklessly causes bodily injury to another . . . .” Simple assault can be
graded as a First, Second or Third Degree Misdemeanor, as follows:
(b) Grading.--Simple assault is a misdemeanor of the second degree
unless committed:
(1) in a fight or scuffle entered into by mutual consent, in
which case it is a misdemeanor of the third degree; or
(2) against a child under 12 years of age by a person 18 years
of age or older, in which case it is a misdemeanor of the first degree.
18 Pa. C.S. §2701(b).
4
crime for which he was convicted had “as an element, the use or attempted use of
physical force, . . . committed by a current or former spouse . . . .” 18 U.S.C.
§921(a)(33)(A). The victim was his then-spouse, thereby satisfying the relationship
element. See ALJ Opinion at 3-4; R.R. at 8, 10, 11.
Petitioner does not contest that he was convicted of simple assault.
Rather, he appears to argue that the incident to which he pled guilty did not occur.
However, in this administrative appeal, Petitioner is prohibited from collaterally
attacking his underlying criminal conviction. See Commonwealth v. Duffey,
639 A.2d 1174, 1177 (Pa. 1994) (a licensee may not collaterally attack an underlying
criminal conviction in an administrative proceeding concerning civil license
suspension); see also Freeman, 2 A.3d at 1260 (recognizing that the ALJ properly
determined that a firearm applicant could not collaterally attack his underlying
criminal conviction).
Upon review, Petitioner’s simple assault conviction is a “misdemeanor
crime of domestic violence,” which prohibits him under state and federal law from
possessing firearms. See 18 U.S.C. §922(g)(9); 18 Pa. C.S. §6105(c)(9). Thus, the
PSP properly precluded him from possessing a firearm as a result of this conviction.
Accordingly, we affirm.
MICHAEL H. WOJCIK, Judge
5
IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
Christopher S. LaMarche, Sr., :
:
Petitioner :
:
v. : No. 1847 C.D. 2016
:
Pennsylvania State Police, :
:
Respondent :
ORDER
AND NOW, this 25th day of January, 2018, the order of the
Administrative Law Judge of the Office of Attorney General, dated September 30,
2016, is AFFIRMED.
__________________________________
MICHAEL H. WOJCIK, Judge