Com. v. Horton, B. ( 2021 )

J-S41039-20 & J-S41040-20
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION – SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee :
v. :
:
BRANDON LEE HORTON, :
:
Appellant : No. 2027 MDA 2019
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered November 12, 2019
in the Court of Common Pleas of Fulton County
Criminal Division, at No(s): CP-29-CR-0000248-2018
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee :
v. :
:
BRANDON LEE HORTON, :
:
Appellant : No. 2028 MDA 2019
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered November 12, 2019
in the Court of Common Pleas of Fulton County
Criminal Division, at No(s): CP-29-CR-0000235-2018
BEFORE: KUNSELMAN, J., MCCLAUGHLIN, J. and STRASSBURGER, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY KUNSELMAN, J.: FILED MAY 12, 2021
Brandon Lee Horton appeals from the judgments of sentence imposed
after he pleaded guilty to theft by unlawful taking and possession of a
controlled substance1 at docket number CP-29-CR-0000235-2018, and
receiving stolen property, firearms not to be carried without a license, and
two counts of theft from a motor vehicle at docket number CP-29-CR-
1
18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3921(a) and 35 Pa.C.S.A. § 780-113(a)(16), respectively.
*Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
J-S41039-20 & J-S41040-20
0000248-2018.2 At each docket number, Horton’s counsel has filed a
petition to withdraw and a brief pursuant to Anders v. California, 386 U.S.
738 (1967), and Commonwealth v. Santiago, 978 A.2d 349 (Pa. 2009).
We dispose of both appeals in this memorandum, wherein we affirm the
judgments of sentence and grant counsel’s petitions to withdraw.
In 2018, Horton stole firearms, money, and personal property from
multiple vehicles belonging to other people, resulting in 26 counts charged
against him at two docket numbers.3 On October 8, 2019, one month before
both cases were scheduled for trial, Horton pleaded guilty to a subset of
those charges as referenced above. As part of the plea, Horton and the
Commonwealth agreed upon an aggregate sentence of 92 to 204 months of
imprisonment and a deferred sentencing date.4 The trial court accepted the
plea and, in Horton’s presence, scheduled the sentencing hearing for
November 12, 2019. Horton did not appear for the sentencing hearing.
Therefore, he was sentenced in absentia in accordance with the plea
agreement.
A bench warrant was issued for Horton’s arrest on the same date. He
remained a fugitive during the period for filing a post-sentence motion, and
2
18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3925(a), 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 6106(a)(1), and 18 Pa.C.S.A.
§ 3934(a), respectively.
3
Horton was not the only perpetrator; Wayne Eugene Brant, Jr. also was
charged. Brant was tried separately.
4 Horton had been released on nominal bail in July 2019 pursuant to
Pa.R.Crim.P. 600(b).
-2-
J-S41039-20 & J-S41040-20
thus a motion was not filed. On December 10, 2019, Horton was found and
arrested, and the bench warrant was revoked.
These timely-filed appeals followed. In lieu of concise statements
pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b), counsel filed statements of intent to file
Anders briefs pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(c)(4). The trial court filed
identical Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) opinions at both dockets, declining to address
the merits of any claims in light of counsel’s intent to file Anders briefs.
Thereafter, Horton’s counsel filed with this Court identical Anders
briefs and petitions to withdraw as counsel. Shortly thereafter, counsel filed
applications to supplement the records with the transcript from Horton’s
sentencing hearing. On May 15, 2020, we granted counsel’s applications to
supplement the records, remanded the cases to ensure supplementation of
the records, and sua sponte directed counsel to file amended Anders briefs
and petitions to withdraw once counsel reviewed the transcript. See
Commonwealth v. Vilsaint, 893 A.2d 753, 758 (Pa. Super. 2006)
(“Counsel cannot fulfill the mandates of Anders unless he has reviewed the
entire record.”).
The record supplementation and remand having been completed;
counsel’s second set of Anders briefs and petitions to withdraw, filed on July
10, 2020, are now before us. Horton did not obtain new counsel or file pro
se responses to counsel’s Anders briefs.
-3-
J-S41039-20 & J-S41040-20
Before we may consider the issues raised in the Anders briefs, we
must first consider counsel’s petitions to withdraw from representation. See
Commonwealth v. Garang, 9 A.3d 237, 240 (Pa. Super. 2010) (holding
that, when presented with an Anders brief, this Court may not review the
merits of the underlying issues without first passing on the request to
withdraw). Pursuant to Anders, when counsel believes an appeal is
frivolous and wishes to withdraw from representation, counsel must do the
following:
(1) petition the court for leave to withdraw stating that after
making a conscientious examination of the record, counsel has
determined the appeal would be frivolous; (2) file a brief
referring to any issues that might arguably support the appeal,
but which does not resemble a no-merit letter; and (3) furnish a
copy of the brief to the defendant and advise him of his right to
retain new counsel, proceed pro se, or raise any additional points
he deems worthy of this Court’s attention.
Commonwealth v. Edwards, 906 A.2d 1225, 1227 (Pa. Super. 2006)
(citation omitted).
In Commonwealth v. Santiago, 978 A.2d 349 (Pa. 2009), our
Supreme Court addressed the second requirement of Anders, i.e., the
contents of an Anders brief, and required that the brief
(1) provide a summary of the procedural history and facts, with
citations to the record;
(2) refer to anything in the record that counsel believes arguably
supports the appeal;
(3) set forth counsel’s conclusion that the appeal is frivolous;
and
-4-
J-S41039-20 & J-S41040-20
(4) state counsel’s reasons for concluding that the appeal is
frivolous. Counsel should articulate the relevant facts of record,
controlling case law, and/or statutes on point that have led to
the conclusion that the appeal is frivolous.
Santiago, 978 A.2d at 361. Once counsel has satisfied the Anders
requirements, it is then this Court’s responsibility “to conduct a simple
review of the record to ascertain if there appear on its face to be arguably
meritorious issues that counsel, intentionally or not, missed or misstated.”
Commonwealth v. Dempster, 187 A.3d 266, 272 (Pa. Super. 2018) (en
banc).
Here, counsel has complied with each of the requirements of Anders.
Counsel indicated that he conscientiously examined the records and
determined that an appeal in each case would be frivolous. Further, the
Anders briefs substantially comport with the requirements set forth by our
Supreme Court in Santiago. Finally, the records each include a copy of the
letter that counsel sent to Horton stating counsel’s intention to seek
permission to withdraw, and advising Horton of his immediate right to
proceed pro se or retain alternate counsel and file additional claims.
Accordingly, as counsel has complied with the procedural requirements for
withdrawing from representation, we will conduct an independent review to
determine whether Horton’s appeals are wholly frivolous.
Counsel identifies two issues of arguable merit, which we have
reordered for ease of disposition. First, whether the trial court abused its
discretion by denying Horton’s motion to continue the plea hearing to seek
-5-
J-S41039-20 & J-S41040-20
new counsel. Anders Briefs at 8. Second, whether Horton’s plea was
“knowingly, intelligently and voluntarily made[.]” Id.In order to address Horton’s first issue, we provide the following
procedural history. The parties appeared before the trial court on October 8,
2019, for a call of the criminal trial list. Horton was represented by the
same court-appointed counsel, Kevin M. Taccino, Esquire, who still
represents him on appeal. At the beginning of the proceeding, the
Commonwealth indicated it was ready to proceed to trial the following
month. Attorney Taccino informed the trial court that Horton was requesting
a continuance for “family and personal matters” and wanted to address the
court directly. N.T., 10/8/2019, at 2. The following exchange occurred.
THE COURT: Mr. Horton?
[HORTON]: I’d like to be out just a little bit more, because –
THE COURT: I’m sorry. I can’t hear you.
[HORTON]: My mother’s health. She has heart problems and her
health is slowly going down. And my son, I finally just got a job
when I got out of jail and one of you guys let me out on rule
600.
THE COURT: And you what?
[HORTON]: Rule 600, that’s how I got out on bail.
THE COURT: Okay.
[HORTON]: I got a job right after I got out and this is the first
time my life actually has meaning. So I just want to support my
son like a little bit longer.
Id. at 2-3.
-6-
J-S41039-20 & J-S41040-20
Horton’s counsel then informed the trial court that there was a pending
plea offer by the Commonwealth for Horton’s consideration that day. Upon
hearing this, the trial court addressed Horton again.
THE COURT: Mr. Horton, you are requesting to not deal with
whether you are responsible for these crimes until some time
down the road?
[HORTON]: No, that’s not what I’m saying.
THE COURT: Okay. What are you saying?
[HORTON]: I just want to continue working and then I can get a
paid lawyer.
THE COURT: You want a different attorney?
[HORTON]: Yeah.
THE COURT: Okay. That’s the first I’ve heard that.
[HORTON]: Yeah. Or how do I do that? A motion?
Id. at 3-4.
The trial court obtained the Commonwealth’s position on Horton’s
request to continue the cases to another trial term. The Commonwealth
opposed his request, citing the age of the cases, the completion of Brant’s
trial the previous trial term, and the need for resolution for the multitude of
victims. Id. at 4-5. The trial court and counsel then observed that his cases
had been continued twice due to lack of trial dates, which prompted his
release on nominal bail pursuant to Rule 600(b), but that a trial date was
available in one month. Id. at 5.
-7-
J-S41039-20 & J-S41040-20
The trial court then asked Attorney Taccino, who had represented
Horton since the month after the charges were filed against him, whether
Horton had ever requested to obtain a different attorney. Attorney Taccino
responded, “I think our relationship hasn’t always – it’s been up and down,
but this is the – probably the first time I’ve heard it.” Id. at 6. At that
point, Horton addressed the trial court, stating that from his perspective,
Attorney Taccino “would just walk away from me. Didn’t even say anything,
just walk away. He would look at his watch the second time I met him and
said, it’s almost 3:00.” Id. The trial court denied Horton’s request for a
continuance, informing him that it was “time to bring these matters to trial.”
Id. at 6-7.
At that point, there was discussion of the plea offer put forward by the
the Commonwealth. Attorney Taccino and the district attorney had
exchanged emails regarding the plea in advance of the proceeding. The
district attorney informed the trial court that it had offered 92 to 204 months
of incarceration in the aggregate, noting that it was less than half of the
sentence Brant had received after trial. Id. at 7. The district attorney stated
the offer was still available if Horton wanted to accept it that day. When the
trial court asked Horton if he wanted time to discuss the plea with Attorney
Taccino, Horton responded, “I mean, how do I go about filing for ineffective
counsel?” Id. at 8. The trial court told Horton that was something he would
have to do after the cases were resolved, and Horton’s options were to
-8-
J-S41039-20 & J-S41040-20
accept responsibility today via the plea or proceed to trial the following
month. Id. at 9. Horton then requested to speak with Attorney Taccino, and
the trial court recessed the proceeding to allow him to do that. Id.
The proceeding resumed two hours later. At that time, Attorney
Taccino informed the trial court that Horton wanted to accept the plea, but
they needed more time to go over the written colloquy. The trial court
recessed the proceeding again. During the recess, Horton completed a
written colloquy in consultation with Attorney Taccino. When the proceeding
resumed, Horton pleaded guilty on the record as described supra. The trial
court and district attorney administered a full oral colloquy on the record,
which included a statement under oath by Horton that he was satisfied with
Attorney Taccino’s representation of him. Id. at 9-27. Before the cases
adjourned, the trial court informed Horton that it was accepting his guilty
pleas and ordering him to return on November 12, 2019 for sentencing. Id.
at 27. As noted above, Horton did not appear at the sentencing hearing.
We bear the following in mind when reviewing the denial of a
defendant’s request for a continuance.
The decision to grant or deny a continuance request rests with
the sound discretion of the trial court and we will not reverse the
decision absent a clear abuse of discretion. This Court will not
find an abuse of discretion if the denial of the continuance
request did not prejudice the appellant. In order to demonstrate
prejudice, the appellant must be able to show specifically in what
manner he was unable to prepare his defense or how he would
have prepared differently had he been given more time.
-9-
J-S41039-20 & J-S41040-20
Commonwealth v. Broitman, 217 A.3d 297, 299-300 (Pa. Super. 2019)
(quotation marks and citations omitted).
In situations where the continuance request was made for the purpose
of obtaining new counsel, we also consider the following.
Both the Sixth Amendment to the United States
Constitution and Article I, Section 9 of the Pennsylvania
Constitution guarantee a defendant’s right to counsel. In
addition to guaranteeing representation for the indigent, these
constitutional rights entitle an accused to choose at his own cost
and expense any lawyer he may desire.
However, a defendant’s constitutional right to counsel of
his choice is not absolute and must be weighed against and may
be reasonably restricted by the state’s interest in the swift and
efficient administration of criminal justice. This Court cannot
permit a defendant to utilize this right to clog the machinery of
justice and hamper and delay the state in its efforts to do justice
with regard both to him and to others whose rights to speedy
trial may thereby be affected. A defendant’s right to choose
private counsel must be exercised at a reasonable time and in a
reasonable manner.
In Commonwealth v. Prysock, 972 A.2d 539 (Pa. Super.
2009), this Court set forth the following factors to consider on
appeal from a trial court’s ruling on a continuance motion to
obtain private representation: (1) whether the court conducted
an extensive inquiry into the underlying causes of defendant’s
dissatisfaction with current counsel; (2) whether the defendant’s
dissatisfaction with current counsel constituted irreconcilable
differences; (3) the number of prior continuances; (4) the timing
of the motion for continuance; (5) whether private counsel had
actually been retained; and (6) the readiness of private counsel
to proceed in a reasonable amount of time. Prysock, 972 A.2d
at 543.
Broitman, 217 A.3d at 300 (quotation marks and some citations omitted).
In the instant case, when asked to explain why he was requesting a
continuance of the trial until the next term, Horton initially did not list a
- 10 -
J-S41039-20 & J-S41040-20
desire to obtain private counsel. Instead, he listed his mother’s health,
desire to work to support his son, and his feeling that his life had meaning
as the reasons he wanted “to be out just a little bit more.” N.T., 10/8/2019,
at 2-3. Eventually, he added the desire to obtain private counsel as an
additional reason for a continuance. Id. at 3-4.
Even if we assume for the sake of argument that Horton’s request for
a continuance stemmed from his dissatisfaction with Attorney Taccino,
instead of the reasons he listed initially, we agree with counsel that there is
no merit to a challenge to the denial of the continuance request.
Considering the Prysock factors, we note that the trial court’s inquiry into
the underlying causes of Horton’s dissatisfaction with Attorney Taccino could
hardly be called extensive. Nonetheless, Horton volunteered the reasons he
was dissatisfied with his Attorney Taccino. According to Horton, Attorney
Taccino walked away without speaking to him and looked at his watch. This
dissatisfaction does not constitute an irreconcilable difference justifying a
continuance. Accord Commonwealth v. Egan, 469 A.2d 186, 192 (Pa.
Super. 1983) (en banc) (holding that Egan’s alleged dissatisfaction with
counsel due to counsel’s singular visit to him in prison was not a justifiable
reason for a continuance in lieu of proceeding with counsel to plead guilty);
see also id., quoting Morris v. Slappy, 461 U.S. 1, 11 (1983) (“Not every
restriction on counsel’s time or opportunity to investigate or to consult with
- 11 -
J-S41039-20 & J-S41040-20
his client or otherwise to prepare for trial violates a defendant’s Sixth
Amendment right to counsel.”).
Although Horton’s request for a continuance was not on the eve of
trial, it came after the case had already been continued twice, albeit at the
Commonwealth’s request. Most significant, however, is that Horton did not
have immediate plans to obtain private counsel should a continuance be
granted. See N.T., 10/8/2019, at 4 (“I just want to continue working and
then I can get a paid lawyer.”) (emphasis added). Based on our review of
the Prysock factors as a whole, we agree with counsel that the trial court
did not abuse its discretion in denying Horton’s continuance request and
there is no merit to Horton’s claim to the contrary.
We turn now to the second issue of arguable merit set forth by
counsel, which is whether Horton entered his guilty plea knowingly,
intelligently, and voluntarily because he entered into the plea following the
denial of his request for a continuance to obtain new counsel. Anders Brief
at 10-15. Counsel asserts that Horton’s desire to challenge his plea stems
from Horton’s consternation over being forced to take the deal that day with
Attorney Taccino’s assistance or to go to trial the next month. Id. at 13.
Nevertheless, counsel sets forth two bases for his conclusion that any such
challenge to the guilty plea is devoid of merit. First, counsel emphasizes
that notwithstanding Horton’s dilemma, Horton was aware of the rights he
was giving up and stated under oath that he had enough time to speak with
- 12 -
J-S41039-20 & J-S41040-20
counsel and was satisfied with counsel’s representation. Id. at 14. Counsel
also observes that Horton did not object to the plea at the time of its entry,
at sentencing, or in a post-sentence motion. Id. at 15.
There is no need to consider counsel’s former point, as his latter point
is fatal to Horton’s claim. To preserve a claim for appeal that an appellant
entered a guilty plea involuntarily, the appellant must raise the claim during
the plea hearing, the sentencing hearing, or in a post-sentence motion.
Commonwealth v. Monjaras–Amaya, 163 A.3d 466, 468-69 (Pa. Super.
2017). The purpose of this rule is to allow the trial court the opportunity to
correct its errors in the first instance. Commonwealth v. Lincoln, 72 A.3d
606, 609-10 (Pa. Super. 2013); see also Pa.R.A.P. 302(a) (“Issues not
raised in the lower court are waived and cannot be raised for the first time
on appeal.”).
In the instant case, Horton did not preserve a challenge to his guilty
plea. Although he complained about counsel at the outset of the proceeding,
he proceeded to plead guilty with the assistance of counsel and never
contended his plea was entered involuntarily. Furthermore, he did not
appear at his sentencing hearing and remained a fugitive during the period
he could have filed a post-sentence motion challenging his plea. Horton’s
decision to abscond necessitated his sentencing in absentia and forfeited his
opportunity to object to his plea in a post-sentence motion. See
Commonwealth v. Adams, 200 A.3d 944, 955 (Pa. 2019) (“[W]hen a
- 13 -
J-S41039-20 & J-S41040-20
defendant absconds, and then returns to the court system, he takes the
criminal justice system as he finds it.”). Accordingly, Horton’s failure to
preserve an objection to his plea prevents us from considering on appeal the
voluntariness of his plea. See Monjaras–Amaya, 163 A.3d at 468-69.
Based upon the foregoing, we agree with counsel that Horton’s
challenges to the denial of his continuance request and the voluntariness of
his plea are frivolous. Moreover, we have conducted “a simple review of the
record” and conclude that on the face of this record, there is no “arguably
meritorious issues that counsel … missed or misstated.”5 Dempster, 187
A.3d at 272. Accordingly, we affirm the judgments of sentence and grant
counsel’s petitions to withdraw.
Petition to withdraw granted. Judgments of sentence affirmed.
Judge Strassburger did not participate in the consideration or decision
of this case.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 05/12/2021
5 We have conducted our review mindful of the fact that “upon entry of a
guilty plea, a defendant waives all claims and defenses other than those
sounding in the jurisdiction of the court, the validity of the plea, and what
has been termed the ‘legality’ of the sentence imposed.” Commonwealth
v. Eisenberg, 98 A.3d 1268, 1275 (Pa. 2014).
- 14 -