Com. v. Harrison, T. ( 2021 )

J-S10004-21
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
THOMAS LEE HARRISON :
:
Appellant : No. 68 MDA 2020
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered December 17, 2019
In the Court of Common Pleas of Lackawanna County
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-35-CR-0000401-2015
BEFORE: MURRAY, J., McLAUGHLIN, J., and PELLEGRINI, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY MURRAY, J.: FILED: MAY 25, 2021
Thomas Lee Harrison (Appellant) appeals from the judgment of
sentence imposed following revocation of his probation and resentencing for
possession of a controlled substance with the intent to deliver.1 Additionally,
Appellant’s counsel (Counsel), seeks to withdraw from representation
pursuant to Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967), and
Commonwealth v. Santiago, 978 A.2d 349, 361 (Pa. 2009). Upon review,
we grant Counsel’s petition to withdraw and affirm Appellant’s judgment of
sentence.
The trial court summarized the factual and procedural history of this
case as follows:
____________________________________________
* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
1 35 P.S. § 780-113(a)(30).
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[The charges arise] from a January 15, 2015 incident,
wherein a confidential informant (hereinafter “C.I.”) informed the
Lackawanna County Drug Task Force that he/she could purchase
crack cocaine from the Appellant. Specifically, the Appellant
agreed to meet the C.I. via a telephone call and sell him/her a
quantity of crack cocaine. The C.I. and the Appellant planned to
meet behind the Adams Avenue Apartment Building in Scranton,
Pennsylvania. Lackawanna County Drug Task Force officers
conducted surveillance at the meet location. While at the location,
a red Nissan arrived. Through previous drug investigations
involving the Appellant, officers were able to identify the red
vehicle as well as the Appellant. The red Nissan crashed into an
iron fence while in reverse. Due to the crash, officers “boxed” the
vehicle, and approached. Officers observed the Appellant in the
front passenger seat making furtive movements, and initiated
arrest. While officers transported the Appellant to the police
station, four (4) grams of crack cocaine were discovered
underneath the police vehicle.
Subsequently, on October 14, 2015, the Appellant entered
a guilty plea under 15 CR 401 to one (1) count of Possession with
the Intent to Deliver a Controlled Substance, 35 P.S. § 780-
113(a)(30). On May 10, 2016, upon thorough review of the pre-
sentence investigative report as well as the Sentencing
Guidelines, the facts and circumstances of the underlying offense
and the specific characteristics of Appellant, this [c]ourt originally
sentenced the Appellant to fourteen (14) to thirty-six (36) months
state incarceration, followed by three (3) years’ of special
probation.
On December 31, 2018, while on parole, the Appellant re-
offended and incurred an assault and theft related offense.
Subsequently, on January 4, 2019, the Appellant re-offended
again and incurred an escape and resisting arrest offense. On
April 3, 2019, Appellant admitted he incurred two arrests and
stipulated to the violation of his special probation. This [c]ourt
deferred sentence pending disposition of the new criminal
charges. On December 17, 2019, this [c]ourt revoked and
resentenced Appellant to twenty-four (24) to forty-eight (48)
months of state incarceration. Appellant filed a Motion for
Reconsideration, which was denied on December 2[7], 2019.
Subsequently, Appellant filed a timely Notice of Appeal to the
Pennsylvania Superior Court on January 2, 2020.
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Trial Court Opinion, 12/16/20, at 2-3 (record citations omitted).
On February 16, 2021, Counsel filed an Anders brief, in which she avers
that Appellant’s appeal is frivolous, and requests permission from this Court
to withdraw from representation. Appellant did not file a response to the
Anders brief or raise any additional claims.
It is well settled that when presented with an Anders brief, we may not
review the merits of the underlying issues without first determining whether
counsel has properly requested permission to withdraw. Commonwealth v.
Wimbush, 951 A.2d 379, 382 (Pa. Super. 2008) (citation omitted).
Therefore, we address the particular mandates that counsel seeking to
withdraw pursuant to Anders must follow. These mandates and the
protection they provide arise because a criminal defendant has a constitutional
right to a direct appeal and to counsel on appeal. Commonwealth v. Woods,
939 A.2d 896, 898 (Pa. Super. 2007).
We have explained:
Direct appeal counsel seeking to withdraw under Anders must file
a petition averring that, after a conscientious examination of the
record, counsel finds the appeal to be wholly frivolous. Counsel
must also file an Anders brief setting forth issues that might
arguably support the appeal along with any other issues necessary
for the effective appellate presentation thereof.
Anders counsel must also provide a copy of the Anders petition
and brief to the appellant, advising the appellant of the right to
retain new counsel, proceed pro se or raise any additional points
worthy of this Court’s attention.
If counsel does not fulfill the aforesaid technical requirements of
Anders, this Court will deny the petition to withdraw and remand
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the case with appropriate instructions (e.g., directing counsel
either to comply with Anders or file an advocate’s brief on
Appellant’s behalf).
Id. (citations omitted).
Additionally, there are requirements as to the content of the Anders
brief:
[T]he Anders brief that accompanies court-appointed counsel’s
petition to withdraw … must: (1) provide a summary of the
procedural history and facts, with citations to the record; (2) refer
to anything in the record that counsel believes arguably supports
the appeal; (3) set forth counsel’s conclusion that the appeal is
frivolous; and (4) state counsel’s reasons for concluding that the
appeal is frivolous. Counsel should articulate the relevant facts of
record, controlling case law, and/or statutes on point that have
led to the conclusion that the appeal is frivolous.
Santiago, 978 A.2d at 361. If counsel has satisfied the above requirements,
it is this Court’s duty to review the trial court proceedings to determine
whether there are any non-frivolous issues that the appellant could raise on
appeal. Commonwealth v. Dempster, 187 A.3d 266, 272 (Pa. Super. 2018)
(en banc).
Instantly, Counsel has complied with the requirements of Anders.
Counsel filed a petition with this Court stating that after reviewing the record,
she finds the appeal to be wholly frivolous. Petition to Withdraw as Counsel,
2/16/21, ¶ 9. In conformance with Santiago, Counsel included in the Anders
brief summaries of the facts and procedural history, as well as discussion of
the issues she believes may arguably support Appellant’s appeal. See Anders
Brief at 5-12. Also, Counsel sets forth her conclusion that the appeal is
frivolous with citation to relevant authority. Id. Finally, Counsel has attached
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to her petition to withdraw the letter she sent to Appellant, along with
Counsel’s petition and Anders brief. Petition to Withdraw as Counsel,
2/16/21, Ex. A. Counsel’s letter advised Appellant of his right to proceed pro
se or with private counsel, and raise any additional issues he deems worthy
of this Court’s consideration. Accordingly, we proceed to Appellant’s
substantive claims.
Appellant presents two issues for review:
A. WHETHER THE IMPOSITION OF THE 24 MONTH TO 48
MONTHS’ SENTENCE OF CONFINEMENT ON DECEMBER 17,
2019 FOLLOWING THE REVOCATION OF APPELLANT’S
PROBATION VIOLATED THE DOUBLE JEOPARDY CLAUSE OF
THE FIFTH AMENDMENT AS APPLIED TO THE STATES
THROUGH THE FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT.
B. WHETHER THE SENTENCE IMPOSED WAS HARSH AND
EXCESSIVE AND AN ABUSE OF DISCRETION.
Anders Brief at 4.
In his first issue, Appellant argues the trial court violated the double
jeopardy clause of the United States Constitution by revoking his probation
and resentencing him. “[T]he question of whether a defendant’s constitutional
right against double jeopardy was infringed is a question of law.”
Commonwealth v. Kuykendall, 2 A.3d 559, 563 (Pa. Super. 2010). “Hence,
our scope of review is plenary and our standard of review is de novo.” Id.Our Supreme Court has explained that “probation and parole are not
part of the criminal prosecution[.]” Commonwealth v. Mullins, 918 A.2d
82, 85 (Pa. 2007). “Revocation of probation and resentencing does not
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implicate double jeopardy precisely because revocation is not a second
punishment for the original conviction, but rather is an integral element of the
original conditional sentence.” Commonwealth v. Johnson, 967 A.2d 1001,
1005 (Pa. Super. 2005) (citation omitted).
Here, the trial court revoked Appellant’s probation and resentenced him
to 24 - 48 months of incarceration. Because the trial court’s revocation “is
not a second punishment,” but part of Appellant’s original sentence, there was
no double jeopardy violation. We therefore agree with Counsel that this issue
is frivolous. Anders Brief at 10-11 (“Counsel [] recognizes that the court had
the authority to revoke [Appellant’s] probation even though his probation had
not commenced and to resentence him to a new sentence which included a
period of incarceration.”).
In his second issue, Appellant challenges the discretionary aspects of
his sentence. “The right to appellate review of the discretionary aspects of a
sentence is not absolute, and must be considered a petition for permission to
appeal.” Commonwealth v. Buterbaugh, 91 A.3d 1247, 1265 (Pa. Super.
2014). “An appellant must satisfy a four-part test to invoke this Court’s
jurisdiction when challenging the discretionary aspects of a sentence.” Id.We conduct this four-part test to determine whether:
(1) the appellant preserved the issue either by raising it at the
time of sentencing or in a post[-]sentence motion; (2) the
appellant filed a timely notice of appeal; (3) the appellant set forth
a concise statement of reasons relied upon for the allowance of
appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f); and (4) the appellant raises
a substantial question for our review.
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Commonwealth v. Baker, 72 A.3d 652, 662 (Pa. Super. 2013) (citation
omitted).
Appellant has filed a timely notice of appeal and included in his brief a
Rule 2119(f) concise statement. See Anders Brief at 9-10. However,
Appellant failed to preserve his discretionary claim by raising it at the time of
sentencing or in a post-sentence motion. Therefore, Appellant’s second issue
is waived and frivolous.
Our Rules of Appellate Procedure provide: “Issues not raised in the
lower court are waived and cannot be raised for the first time on appeal.”
Pa.R.A.P. 302(a). “[I]ssues challenging the discretionary aspects of
sentencing must be raised in a post-sentence motion or by raising the claim
during the sentencing proceedings. Absent such efforts, an objection to a
discretionary aspect of a sentence is waived.” Commonwealth v. Watson,
835 A.2d 786, 791 (Pa. Super. 2003) (citations omitted). “Moreover, a party
cannot rectify the failure to preserve an issue by proffering it in response to a
Rule 1925(b) order.” Commonwealth v. Monjaras-Amaya, 163 A.3d 466,
469 (Pa. Super. 2017) (citations and emphasis omitted). Finally, this Court
will not overlook waiver simply because the trial court substantively addressed
the issue in its 1925(a) opinion.2 See Commonwealth v. Melendez-
Rodriguez, 856 A.2d 1278, 1287-89 (Pa. Super. 2004) (en banc).
____________________________________________
2 The trial court recognized Appellant’s waiver of this issue, but still explained:
(Footnote Continued Next Page)
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____________________________________________
In the present matter, there is no indication in the record that this
[c]ourt failed to consider the Appellant’s characteristics, or
ignored mandatory factors under 42 Pa.C.S. § 9721(b), or in any
other way imposed a harsh and excessive sentence,
disproportionate to the underlying violations or circumstances.
The record reveals the Appellant was convicted of new criminal
offenses, thus violating his probation. During[] the revocation
hearing, the Appellant stipulated that he was in violation.
Accordingly, there were sufficient grounds to revoke his probation.
...
The Appellant’s conduct has repeatedly demonstrated that a term
of imprisonment is essential to vindicate the authority of this
[c]ourt. The Appellant incurred two arrests breaking the
conditions of his special probation sentence. It is evident that
while on parole supervision, the Appellant did not reform his
behavior. Probation no longer remained rehabilitative and total
confinement was authorized in this case.
Possession With Intent to Deliver a Controlled Substance, under
35 P.S. § 780-113(a)(3) and enhanced as a second or subsequent
offense is an ungraded felony punishable by incarceration of
twenty (20) years. Accordingly, total confinement was available
to this [c]ourt at the time of original sentencing and, because the
Appellant’s violation arose from a new conviction, total
confinement was also available upon revocation of probation.
Finally, the particular length of confinement of twenty-four (24)
[to] forty-eight (48) months was legal and within the statutory
limits. In fact, the total amount of time the Appellant would spend
incarcerated, which, including previous periods of incarceration,
would not surpass the twenty-year maximum sentence.
Additionally, prior to imposition of re-sentence, this [c]ourt had
the benefit of a memorandum and recommendation from the
Lackawanna County Adult Probation and Parole Department, as
well as a pre-sentence investigation relative to the Appellant’s new
conviction, which was reviewed in its entirety. This [c]ourt
considered the Appellant’s parole recommitments and supervision
history indicated in the PSI. The Appellant incurred at least three
prior parole recommitments and failed to comply with past periods
(Footnote Continued Next Page)
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Appellant did not challenge the discretionary aspects of his sentence at
resentencing, see N.T., 12/17/19, at 1-6, or in his motion for reconsideration.
See Motion for Reconsideration of Sentence, 12/26/19, at 1-2. Thus,
Appellant’s sentencing claim is waived and we agree with Counsel that this
issue is wholly frivolous. See Anders Brief at 12 (“[T]his issue was not raised
in [Appellant’s] motion for reconsideration of sentence[.] . . . [C]ounsel for
Appellant recognizes that unless there was objection at sentencing or
contained in a motion for reconsideration of sentence, issues are considered
waived.”) (citation omitted).
Finally, our independent review reveals no other non-frivolous issues
Appellant could raise on appeal. See Dempster, 187 A.3d at 272. We
therefore grant Counsel’s petition to withdraw and affirm Appellant’s judgment
of sentence.
Petition to withdraw granted. Judgment of sentence affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 05/25/2021
____________________________________________
of juvenile supervision, county commitment and state
commitment/supervision.
Trial Court Opinion, 12/16/20, at 6-8 (some citations and footnote omitted).
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