Com. v. Pelzer, C. ( 2021 )

J-S54006-20
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
CAINE SHEPPARD PELZER :
:
Appellant : No. 1279 MDA 2019
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered April 15, 2002
In the Court of Common Pleas of Luzerne County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-40-CR-0001989-2001
BEFORE: NICHOLS, J., McLAUGHLIN, J., and MUSMANNO, J.
MEMORANDUM BY NICHOLS, J.: FILED MAY 26, 2021
Appellant, acting pro se, appeals nunc pro tunc from the judgment of
sentence imposed following his convictions for robbery and related offenses.
Appellant challenges the trial court’s rejection of his Batson1 claim, alleges
violations of his speedy trial rights, and argues that his mandatory-minimum
sentences for robbery are illegal. We affirm Appellant’s convictions, vacate
Appellant’s judgment of sentence, and remand the matter for resentencing.
The underlying facts of this matter are well known to the parties. Briefly,
Appellant was sentenced to an aggregate term of twenty-two to forty-four
years’ incarceration after he was convicted for robbery and related offenses in
____________________________________________
1 Batson v. Kentucky, 476 U.S. 79 (1986).
J-S54006-20
2002.2 Appellant filed a timely direct appeal in which his sole claim pertained
to trial counsel’s ineffectiveness.3 While Appellant’s direct appeal was
pending, our Supreme Court decided Commonwealth v. Grant, 813 A.2d
726 (Pa. 2002), which held that ineffectiveness claims must be raised in a
petition for relief under the Post-Conviction Relief Act4 (PCRA). As a result,
this Court dismissed Appellant’s appeal without prejudice and affirmed his
judgment of sentence. See Commonwealth v. Pelzer, 987 MDA 2002 (Pa.
Super. filed May 7, 2003) (unpublished mem.).
Appellant’s sentence became final on June 6, 2003. Although Appellant
was represented by appellate counsel, Appellant did not file a timely PCRA
petition within the one-year deadline. Appellant subsequently filed multiple
untimely PCRA petitions, all of which were dismissed based on the PCRA time
bar.
In 2015, Appellant filed a petition for writ of habeas corpus with the
United States Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. See Pelzer v.
____________________________________________
2 The trial court applied a mandatory minimum sentence based on Appellant’s
visible possession of a firearm during the robbery. See 42 Pa.C.S. § 9712(a).
Section 9712(a) was later held unconstitutional by this Court in
Commonwealth v. Valentine, 101 A.3d 801, 812 (Pa. Super. 2014) (citing
Alleyne v. United States, 570 U.S. 99 (2013) (holding that any fact that
increases the mandatory minimum sentence is an element that must be
submitted to the jury and found beyond a reasonable doubt)).
3 We note that although Appellant included additional claims in his Pa.R.A.P.
1925(b) statement, appellate counsel abandoned those issues on appeal to
this Court.
4 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9541-9546.
-2-
J-S54006-20
Mahally, 388 F. Supp. 3d 366, 371-72 (M.D. Pa. 2019). Therein, Appellant
sought reinstatement of his appellate rights, alleging that he had been
abandoned by appellate counsel. Appellant also raised additional issues
relating to trial counsel’s ineffectiveness, violations of his speedy trial rights,
and other substantive claims. See id.On January 18, 2019, the district court granted Appellant a conditional
writ of habeas corpus, which ordered Appellant’s release from custody unless
the state court reinstated his direct appeal and post-conviction rights nunc pro
tunc within 180 days. See id. at 369. The district court explained that
Appellant’s direct appeal and post-conviction rights “may have been forfeited,
in large measure, due to counsel’s inaction” and that “granting this limited
relief ensures that the merits of any claims raised by [Appellant] are fully
developed and considered by the state courts.” Id. at 381.
On December 26, 2019,5 the trial court issued an order reinstating
Appellant’s direct appeal and post-conviction rights nunc pro tunc. Appellant
subsequently filed a timely pro se notice of appeal and a court-ordered
Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement.
In its Rule 1925(a) opinion, the trial court rejected several of Appellant’s
issues based on its conclusion that the district court’s recommendation
____________________________________________
5 The trial court initially reinstated Appellant’s appeal rights nunc pro tunc on
July 3, 2019. However, after new counsel abandoned Appellant on appeal,
the matter was remanded to the trial court for a hearing pursuant to
Commonwealth v. Grazier, 713 A.2d 81, 82 (Pa. 1998), and Appellant
ultimately decided to proceed pro se. See Trial Ct. Op., 7/17/20, at 26-27.
-3-
J-S54006-20
pertained solely to Appellant’s PCRA claims and, therefore, Appellant’s direct
appeal claims were not properly before the court for review. See Trial Ct. Op.
at 8-9. In any event, the trial court addressed each of Appellant’s issues and
concluded that they were meritless.
On appeal, Appellant raises the following issues, which we have
reordered as follows:
1. Whether the Commonwealth and trial court violated Appellant’s
[rights under the] Fourteenth Amendment Equal Protection
Clause under the United States and Pennsylvania Constitutions
by allowing the prosecutor to use peremptory challenges to
exclude blacks from the jury in a case the prosecution called a
“interracial crime” and whether the trial court committed
reversible error when it failed to undertake a sensitive inquiry
into such direct and circumstantial evidence which would have
made the prosecution come forward with a neutral explanation
for challenging the jurors which relates to the particular case
to be tried?
2. Whether the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania violated United
States and Pennsylvania Constitutions when it denied the
Appellant a speedy trial pursuant to the Sixth and Fourteenth
Amendment and whether the Commonwealth violated articles
of the Extradition Act, Interstate Agreement on Detainers Act
(IAD) (42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9101–08), Uniform Criminal Extradition
Act (42 Pa.C.S. § 9121, et seq.), [and] Pa.R.Crim.P. 600 [by]
failing to bring Appellant to trial within 180 days of his written
request for extradition from New York City to Luzerne County,
Pennsylvania, then moving Appellant to multiple county prisons
in Pennsylvania in an attempt to make Appellant unavailable
for trial and hindering [A]ppellant’s access to witnesses,
warranting dismissal for lack of subject matter jurisdiction and
lack of jurisdiction and whether all counts in the indictment
should have been dismissed for violation of Pa.R.Crim.P. 600
as count 24 of the indictment was?
3. Whether Pennsylvania’s mandatory minimum sentence under
42 Pa.C.S. § 9712 for offenses committed with firearms is
unconstitutional which was illegally applied to the Appellant’s
-4-
J-S54006-20
case under the Pennsylvania and United States Constitutions
since he was acquitted of all firearms charges but erroneously
sentenced under the act and its application being in conflict
with the plain language of 204 Pa.Code § 303.10 which violated
the Appellant’s Fifth, Sixth, Eighth, Fourteenth Amendments
due process and double jeopardy clause of the [Pennsylvania]
and U.S. Constitutions constituting an abuse of discretion in its
severity?
4. Whether Pennsylvania’s mandatory minimum sentence under
42 Pa.C.S. § 9712 is illegal, unconstitutionally invalid, void and
of no force and effect as applied to the Appellant where he was
charged, tried and acquitted of numerous firearms violations,
but subsequently sentenced to a determinate sentence of 44
years of total incarceration where he is actually innocent of his
sentence enhancement in light of Alleyne v. U.S., 33 S.Ct.
2151 (2013); Commonwealth v. Hopkins, 117 A.3d 247(2015); Montgomery v. Louisiana, 136 S.Ct. 718 (2016),
thereby violating Appellant’s [rights under the] Sixth, Eighth
and Fourteenth Amendments to the Pennsylvania and United
States Constitutions going beyond he states power to impose
such illegal penalty?
5. Whether [the] trial court is enforcing an illegal penalty upon
Appellant which automatically sentenced him to 44 years
pursuant to the plain language of [] 42 Pa.C.S. § 9712(a),
which denies eligibility for probation, parole, work release or
furlough once sentenced under the act in violation of the Sixth
and Eighth Amendments to the United States and Pennsylvania
Constitutions for substantive violations which he is actually
innocent of that automatically altered the range of conduct and
punishment which turns an indeterminate sentence into a
determinate one for a class of people in light of Alleyne,
Hopkins, and Montgomery?
Appellant’s Brief at 4-5 (some formatting altered).
Scope of Appeal
Initially, we must address the trial court’s contention that Appellant’s
direct appeal claims are not properly before this Court. In its Rule 1925(a)
opinion, the trial court reasoned that Appellant was not entitled to review of
-5-
J-S54006-20
his direct appeal claims because this Court affirmed his judgment of sentence
after he filed a direct appeal in 2002. See Trial Ct. Op. at 8-9. However, the
record reflects that although Appellant filed a direct appeal in 2002, appellate
counsel did not raise any of Appellant’s preserved direct appeal claims. See
Commonwealth v. Pelzer, 987 MDA 2002 (Pa. Super. 2003) (unpublished
mem.). Instead, appellate counsel raised a single claim challenging trial
counsel’s effectiveness, which resulted in this Court’s dismissal of the appeal.
See id.
Further, although Appellant subsequently sought relief under the PCRA,
this Court ultimately rejected those efforts based on the untimeliness of
Appellant’s petitions. See Commonwealth v. Pelzer, 940 MDA 2009 (Pa.
Super. 2011) (unpublished mem.) (vacating the PCRA court’s order and
remanding for a hearing based on the newly discovered evidence exception to
the PCRA time bar); Commonwealth v. Pelzer, 1445 MDA 2013 (Pa. Super.
2014) (unpublished mem.) (affirming the dismissal of Appellant’s PCRA
petition as untimely); Commonwealth v. Pelzer, 1927 MDA 2016 (Pa.
Super. 2017) (unpublished mem.) (same). Therefore, contrary to the trial
court’s assertion, Appellant’s substantive claims have not been reviewed by
this Court.
Moreover, the district court recommended reinstatement of Appellant’s
direct appeal and post-conviction rights after concluding that Appellant’s
“rights may have been forfeited, in large measure, due to counsel’s inaction.”
See Pelzer, 388 F. Supp. 3d at 371-72. In accordance with that order, the
-6-
J-S54006-20
trial court reinstated Appellant’s direct appeal and post-conviction rights nunc
pro tunc. Under these circumstances, Appellant is entitled to review of his
direct appeal claims. See Commonwealth v. Pulanco, 954 A.2d 639, 642
(Pa. Super. 2008) (stating that where appellate counsel waives all appellate
issues and thereby completely denies the appellant the right to a direct appeal,
the appropriate relief is, in general, the reinstatement of direct appeal rights).
Therefore, we will consider all of Appellant’s issues on appeal.
Batson Claim
In his first claim, Appellant argues that the trial court erred in denying
his Batson challenge and allowing the Commonwealth to strike the only
African American person from the jury. Appellant’s Brief at 17. Appellant
contends that the Commonwealth’s “remarks of race, the racial tone,
demeanor and reason why he sought to remove the only black juror in the
jury pool was constitutionally impermissible, racially prejudicial and violated
[A]ppellant’s right to a fair trial.” Id. He argues that although there were
multiple jurors who stated that they were less likely to believe a police officer,
only the black juror was ultimately stricken for cause. Id. at 18. Further,
Appellant claims that the trial court failed to “undertake a sensitive inquiry
into [] circumstantial and direct evidence” to determine the Commonwealth’s
intent. Id. Therefore, Appellant concludes that he was deprived of the right
to a fair trial.
The Commonwealth responds that Appellant failed to establish a prima
facie Batson claim because “[s]imply claiming ‘racial profiling’ is insufficient.”
-7-
J-S54006-20
Commonwealth’s Brief at 11. Further, the Commonwealth notes that it “gave
a race neutral reason” for striking the juror because the juror indicated on her
questionnaire that she was less likely to believe a police officer. The
Commonwealth contends that “[a]lthough she testified she could be fair and
consider an officer’s testimony to be no more or less credible than any other
witnesses’ testimony, the Commonwealth was free to discount that
testimony.” Id. Finally, the Commonwealth notes that “[s]triking a juror
because they may disbelieve key witnesses in your case is a race neutral
reason for the strike.” Id. Therefore, the Commonwealth concludes that
there was no Batson violation and Appellant is not entitled to relief. Id.
By way of background, the trial court summarized the facts underlying
Appellant’s Batson claim as follows:
The Batson challenge was in fact preserved on March 13, 2002
during voir dire . . . . [T]he trial judge that presided over the
proceeding is no longer serving as a Court of Common Pleas
Judge.
A review of the transcript indicates that the parties initially waived
the transcription of voir dire but then contacted the trial court
requesting a stenographer when they recognized a potential
Batson issue. The Assistant District Attorney explained to the
court as follows, “Well, we saw there was a black juror and I
indicated before we started juror selection, I said, [to the defense
attorney,] I think this is going to be a problem. [This juror] has
one of the red flag issues. I said to protect your client, let’s
transcribe it.” During a conference in chambers, the
Commonwealth noted that [Appellant] is African American and
charged with several crimes of robbery and initially misspoke
when he stated that the four victims were Caucasian. He was
corrected by defense counsel noting that one of the victims,
Lonnie Lee, was black.
-8-
J-S54006-20
The trial court was informed that Juror Number 7 was an African
American woman that answered the question as to whether she
would be less likely to believe the testimony of a police officer
affirmatively. The Commonwealth indicated that she was less
likely to believe the testimony of a police officer because of his job
and that she was also the victim of a crime. The Commonwealth
further stated the reason they intended to exercise one of their
peremptory challenges on Juror Number 7 as follows, “But frankly,
for the record, because one of the pieces of evidence in this case
is [Appellant] gave a statement wherein he said that the New York
City police officer who arrested him in New York with some of the
stolen property in his possession from this robber, he said that the
New York City police officer was lying. And he told this to Chief
Miles Collins and Officer Reinard [].”
The Commonwealth further stated that “the police officer’s
testimony is going to be a major issue in the case” and Juror
Number 7’s statement that, “she is not going - she is less likely to
believe his testimony” was the basis for the peremptory challenge.
Juror Number 7 was interviewed at side bar and questioned by
defense counsel as to her written response on the jury
questionnaire as to whether she would be less likely to believe the
statement of a police officer with regard to evidence “simply
because they are a police officer.” Juror Number 7 responded that
she could be fair and impartial.
The Commonwealth exercised a challenge to Juror Number 7 and
the defense again asserted the Batson objection stating that the
juror was “being struck as a result of racial profiling”. The Defense
stated as follows: “She is of the same racial class as [Appellant]
and there does not seem to be any proper cause to strike her
other than the fact that she is of the same race as [Appellant].”
The parties conducted argument outside of the presence of the
jury.
When asked to place the basis of the objection of record, the
defense maintained that upon interview of the potential juror she
stated she did not have “any problem in believing the testimony
of a police officer over—or believing the testimony of a police
officer as any witness.”
Defense counsel further argued in pursuing the Batson challenge:
“I oppose simply because she is of the same race as [Appellant].
This is racial profiling. There does not seem to be a basis of this
-9-
J-S54006-20
—your objection or any reason to strike her other than the fact
she is black as the same as [Appellant].”
Upon completion of the argument on the Batson challenge, the
trial court ruled as follows, “On that basis, you haven’t established
a prima facie case which would require the prosecution to put forth
the striking; therefore, your motion is denied.”
Trial Ct. Op. at 35-41.
A Batson claim presents mixed questions of law and fact.
Commonwealth v. Edwards, 177 A.3d 963, 971 (Pa. Super. 2018).
Therefore, our standard of review is whether the trial court’s legal conclusions
are correct and whether its factual findings are clearly erroneous. Id. This
Court has explained:
In Batson, the [Supreme Court of the United States] held that a
prosecutor’s challenge to potential jurors solely on the basis of
race violates the Equal Protection Clause of the United States
Constitution. When a defendant makes a Batson challenge
during jury selection:
First, the defendant must make a prima facie showing that
the circumstances give rise to an inference that the
prosecutor struck one or more prospective jurors on account
of race; second, if the prima facie showing is made, the
burden shifts to the prosecutor to articulate a race-neutral
explanation for striking the juror(s) at issue; and third, the
trial court must then make the ultimate determination of
whether the defense has carried its burden of proving
purposeful discrimination.
Id. (citations and quotation marks omitted). “The trial court should consider
the totality of circumstances when determining whether the prosecutor acted
with discriminatory intent or engaged in purposeful discrimination.”
Commonwealth v. Towles, 106 A.3d 591, 602 (Pa. 2014) (citation omitted).
- 10 -
J-S54006-20
This Court must give great deference to the trial court’s finding about the
absence of discriminatory intent in peremptory challenges, and we will not
overturn it unless it is clearly erroneous. See id.Here, the trial court addressed Appellant’s Batson claim as follows:
In the case at bar, the trial court reviewed the basis of the Batson
objection. The defense asserted that “I oppose simply because
she is of the same race as [Appellant]. This is racial profiling.
There does not seem to be a basis of this - your objection or any
reason to strike her other than the fact she is black as the same
as [Appellant].” In reviewing the factors for prima facie,
[Appellant] is a member of a cognizable racial group, however in
turning to the second prong, the only argument articulated was
that the challenge to Juror Number 7 was racial profiling. No other
relevant circumstances were put forth.
In the recent unreported case, Commonwealth v. Mills, 1045
EDA 2018, 2020 WL 1490949 (Pa. Super. filed. Mar. 27, 2020)
that is argued for persuasive value only, the Commonwealth
challenged the single African American venire person. A Batson
challenge was not raised by the defendant, but the
Commonwealth wanted to note for the record that the venire
person said she was less likely to believe the testimony of a police
officer and many police officers were set to testify. The venire
person also had a nephew that was awaiting trial in a similar case.
The appellate court reviewed the claims set forth in Mills, noting
that the striking of the only African American venire person from
the pool of potential jurors would establish a prima facie case of
purposeful discrimination in that case. It then turned to the
second step of the Batson analysis noting the Commonwealth
proffered a race-neutral explanation for striking the juror.
In the case at bar, the Commonwealth immediately notified
defense counsel that Juror Number 7 answered the question
regarding the believability of a police officer in a concerning way.
The Commonwealth noted that she answered a question creating
a red flag issue. It was the Commonwealth that told [Appellant]
that despite the agreement to waive the transcription, it was in
[Appellant’s] best interest to transcribe the voir dire.
- 11 -
J-S54006-20
The trial court directed [Appellant] to “Make your challenge.” The
only basis offered in support of the objection to the challenge was
racial profiling. [Appellant] did not offer any other circumstances
giving rise to an inference that the juror was challenged on
account of race. The trial court replied, “On that basis, you
haven’t established a prima facie case which would require the
prosecution to put forth the striking; therefore your motion is
denied.” The trial court determined that [Appellant] failed to
establish a prima facie case and stopped the Batson analysis.
If the appellate court deems that a prima facie cause was in fact
articulated, the record establishes that [Appellant] did not prove
the second prong of the analysis in that the Commonwealth
offered a race-neutral reason as to the peremptory challenge as
follows:
And Juror 7 said she is less likely to believe the testimony
of a police officer because of his job and she was also the
victim of a crime. But frankly, for the record, because one
of the pieces of evidence in this case is [Appellant] gave a
statement wherein he said that the New York City police
officer who arrested him in New York with some of the stolen
property in his possession from this robber, he said that the
New York City police officer was lying. And he told this to
Chief Miles Collins and Officer Reinard []. Obviously, the
police officer’s testimony is going to be a major issue in the
case. And I indicated to [defense counsel], it is no doubt
that I want - I am going to exercise one of my peremptory
[challenges] because of her statement that she is not going
- she is less likely to believe his testimony.
A review of the totality of the circumstances as placed of record
illustrates that the Commonwealth offered a race-neutral basis
and explanation for using the peremptory challenge. This claim
as offered on direct appeal must fail.
Trial Ct. Op. at 39-41.
Based on our review of the record, we discern no legal or factual error
in the trial court’s conclusions. See Edwards, 177 A.3d at 971. Because the
Commonwealth provided a race-neutral explanation for striking Juror 7, we
cannot conclude that the trial court’s rejection of Appellant’s Batson claim
- 12 -
J-S54006-20
was ‘clearly erroneous.’” See Towles, 106 A.3d at 602; Edwards, 177 A.3d
at 971. Under these circumstances, Appellant is not entitled to relief.
Speedy Trial Rights
Appellant next argues that the Commonwealth violated his speedy trial
rights by failing to bring his case to trial within the time periods required by
Pa.R.Crim.P. 600, the Interstate Agreement on Detainers Act, and the Uniform
Agreement on Detainers Act. Appellant’s Brief at 29.
Rule 600 Claim
Pursuant to Rule 600, a criminal trial must “commence within 365 days
from the date on which the complaint is filed.” Pa.R.Crim.P. 600(A)(2)(a).
After 365 days have passed, a defendant “may file a written motion requesting
that the charges be dismissed with prejudice.” Id. at 600(D)(1). To preserve
a Rule 600 claim, a defendant must file a written motion to dismiss prior to
the commencement of trial. See Commonwealth v. Brock, 61 A.3d 1015,
1020 (Pa. 2013) (stating that “a motion to dismiss pursuant to [Rule] 600
must be made in writing, and a copy of such motion must be served on the
Commonwealth’s attorney”).
Here, to the extent Appellant seeks relief based on Rule 600, our review
of the record confirms that he did not file a pretrial motion to dismiss.
Therefore, the trial court did not have an opportunity to conduct a hearing on,
- 13 -
J-S54006-20
or even consider, a Rule 600 claim.6 See Commonwealth v. Hunt, 858 A.2d
1234, 1241 (Pa. Super. 2004) (stating that Rule 600 claims must be presented
to the trial court while it has jurisdiction over the matter since the trial court
must conduct a hearing to assess the amount of excludable time); see also
Commonwealth v. Brock, 61 A.3d 1015, 1020 (Pa. 2013). Therefore,
Appellant’s Rule 600 claim is waived.
Interstate Agreement on Detainers and Extradition Act7 Claims
Our Supreme Court has described the IAD as follows:
The IAD is an agreement between forty-eight states, the District
of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and the United
States, that establishes procedures for the transfer of prisoners
incarcerated in one jurisdiction to the temporary custody of
another jurisdiction which has lodged a detainer against a
prisoner. Unlike a request for extradition, which is a request that
the state in which the prisoner is incarcerated transfer custody to
the requesting state, a detainer is merely a means of informing
the custodial jurisdiction that there are outstanding charges
pending in another jurisdiction and a request to hold the prisoner
for the requesting state or notify the requesting state of the
prisoner’s imminent release.
Davis, 786 A.2d at 175.
____________________________________________
6To the extent Appellant alleges that the trial court dismissed other charges
based on a violation of Rule 600, see Appellant’s Brief at 29, that claim is not
supported by the record.
7 Like the IAD, the Extradition Act “establishes procedures for the interstate
transfer of persons against whom criminal charges are outstanding.”
Commonwealth v. Davis, 786 A.2d 173, 175 (Pa. 2001). “Unlike the IAD,
the Extradition Act applies to persons at liberty as well as to incarcerated
prisoners serving a sentence.” Id.- 14 -
J-S54006-20
Pursuant to Article III of the IAD, a prisoner against whom a detainer
has been lodged may file a “written notice and request for disposition”
requesting that he be transferred to the jurisdiction that filed the detainer and
brought to trial within 180 days. 42 Pa.C.S. § 9101, Article III(a); see also
Article III(b) (setting forth the requirements and the process for the prisoner’s
request).
Article IV of the IAD provides that a prosecutor is
entitled to have a prisoner against whom he has lodged a detainer
and who is serving a term of imprisonment in any party state
made available . . . upon presentation of a written request for
temporary custody or availability to the appropriate authorities of
the state in which the prisoner is incarcerated[.]
42 Pa.C.S. § 9101, Article IV(a). Under Article IV, “trial shall be commenced
within 120 days of the arrival of the prisoner in the receiving state, but for
good cause shown in open court, the prisoner or his counsel being present,
the court having jurisdiction of the matter may grant any necessary or
reasonable continuance.” 42 Pa.C.S. § 9101, Article IV(c). However, our
Supreme Court has held that the 120-day requirement set forth in Article IV
“is not triggered unless the Commonwealth files a detainer against an
individual and then files a request for custody of that individual.”
Commonwealth v. Leak, 22 A.3d 1036, 1040 (Pa. Super. 2011) (discussing
Davis, 786 A.2d at 175).
Here, the record contains no indication that Appellant filed a motion to
dismiss under the IAD. Therefore, the issue is likely waived. See
- 15 -
J-S54006-20
Commonwealth v. Blackburn, 414 A.2d 638, 641 (Pa. Super. 1979); see
also Pa.R.A.P. 302 (stating that “issues that are not raised in the lower court
are waived and cannot be raised for the first time on appeal”). In any event,
although Appellant agreed to waive his extradition and return to Pennsylvania,
there is no indication that he filed a written notice and request for disposition
of the charges against him pursuant to Article III. See 42 Pa.C.S. § 9101,
Article III(a). Therefore, the 180-day period set forth in Article III did not
apply. See id.
Similarly, although the Commonwealth lodged a detainer against
Appellant after he was arrested in New York, there is no indication that the
Commonwealth made a separate request seeking temporary custody of
Appellant under Article IV of the IAD. As such, the 120-day requirement set
forth in Article IV did not apply. See Davis, 786 A.2d at 175; see also Leak,
22 A.3d at 1040. Under these circumstances, Appellant is not entitled to relief.
Sentencing Claims
Finally, Appellant challenges the legality of his mandatory-minimum
sentences under Section 9712(a). Appellant’s Brief at 11. Appellant
challenges the constitutionality of Section 9712(a) generally based on
Alleyne. Id. Appellant also argues that the mandatory-minimum sentences
were unconstitutional as applied to him. Id.As noted previously, this Court held that Section 9712(a) is
unconstitutional based on Alleyne. See Valentine, 101 A.3d at 812. It is
- 16 -
J-S54006-20
well settled that Alleyne does not apply retroactively on collateral review.
See Commonwealth v. Washington, 142 A.3d 810, 811 (Pa. 2016).
However, our Supreme Court has held that “where a direct appeal nunc
pro tunc is granted, the conviction in question was never ‘final’ for purposes
of determining whether the litigant is entitled to the benefit of a new rule of
law announced subsequent to his conviction.” Commonwealth v. Ranger,
196 A.3d 237, 239 (Pa. Super. 2018) (discussing Commonwealth v.
Johnson, 304 A.2d 139 (Pa. 1973); Commonwealth ex rel. Smith v.
Myers, 438 Pa. 218, 261 A.2d 550 (Pa. 1970)). Therefore, a case is
“considered ‘pending on direct review’ for purposes of the application of [a]
new rule [when] the ‘direct review’ results from the reinstatement of direct
appellate rights, nunc pro tunc, subsequent to the date the new rule was
announced.” Ranger, 196 A.3d at 239.
Here, the trial court concluded that Appellant was not entitled to relief
based on Alleyne because that decision does not apply retroactively on
collateral review. However, based on our review of the record, we are
constrained to disagree with the trial court’s rationale. Because the trial court
reinstated Appellant’s direct appeal rights nunc pro tunc after Alleyne was
decided, Appellant is entitled to the benefit of that decision. See Ranger,
196 A.3d at 239. Therefore, to the extent Appellant was sentenced to
mandatory terms of imprisonment for his robbery convictions under Section
9712, those sentences are illegal. Under these circumstances, we must vacate
the entire judgment of sentence and remand the matter for resentencing. See
- 17 -
J-S54006-20
Commonwealth v. Motley, 177 A.3d 960, 963 (Pa. 2018) (stating that, if
vacating part of an appellant’s sentence upsets the trial court’s overall
sentencing scheme, we must vacate the entire judgment of sentence and
remand for resentencing).
Accordingly, we affirm Appellant’s convictions and remand the matter
for resentencing.
Convictions affirmed. Judgment of sentence vacated. Case remanded
for resentencing. Jurisdiction relinquished.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 5/26/2021
- 18 -