Com. v. Perkins, I. ( 2016 )

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION – SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
v. :
:
IVORY PERKINS, : No. 727 EDA 2015
:
Appellant :
Appeal from the PCRA Order, February 27, 2015,
in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
Criminal Division at No. CP-51-CR-0402561-2002
BEFORE: FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E., OTT AND JENKINS, JJ.
MEMORANDUM BY FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E.: FILED MARCH 15, 2016
Ivory Perkins appeals pro se from the order filed in the Court of
Common Pleas of Philadelphia County which dismissed, without a hearing,
his third petition filed pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”),
42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546. Because we agree with the PCRA court that
appellant’s facially untimely petition failed to establish a statutory exception
to the one-year jurisdictional time limit for filing a petition under the PCRA,
we affirm.
The PCRA court set forth the following factual and procedural history:
On August 9, 2002, a jury convicted the
[appellant] of burglary,[1] criminal trespass[2] and
related offenses. On October 9, 2002, [appellant]
1
18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3502(a).
2
18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3503(a)(1)(i).
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received [an] aggregate sentence of not less than
sixteen or more than thirty five years’ incarceration
to be followed by four years’ probation. The
Superior Court affirmed the judgment of sentence on
June 14, 2004. Commonwealth v. Perkins, 265
EDA 2003. On March 14, 2007, the Pennsylvania
Supreme Court granted the defendant’s petition for
allowance of appeal, vacated the criminal trespass
sentence because it merged with the burglary and
remanded the case for resentencing. On August 2,
2007, the lower court resentenced [appellant] to an
aggregate sentence of not less than fifteen or more
than thirty years’ imprisonment.
[Appellant] filed his first PCRA petition on
August 28, 2007. The lower court denied relief on
January 21, 2009 and the Superior Court affirmed on
January 26, 2010.
[Appellant] filed his second PCRA petition on
May 24, 2011. After review of the record and the
applicable law, the lower court issued a notice of
intent to dismiss without a hearing pursuant to
[Pa.]R.Crim.P. 907 on December 12, 2011 and
dismissed the petition as untimely filed by order
dated January 17, 2012. [Appellant] appealed and
the Superior Court dismissed his appeal for failure to
comply with [Pa.R.A.P.] 3517 on June 5, 2012.
On June 10, 2014, [appellant] filed his third
PCRA petition claiming that his 2002 burglary
sentence, imposed under the Second Strike Act,
42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9714 ([s]entences for second and
subsequent offenses) was illegal because when he
received his first burglary conviction in 1994 as the
result of a guilty plea, the offense was not
considered a crime of violence.[Footnote 1] His third
petition was dismissed without a hearing on
February 27, 2015. This appeal followed.
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[Footnote 1] 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9714 (a) Mandatory
sentence.--
(1) Any person who is convicted in any court
of this Commonwealth of a crime of
violence shall, if at the time of the
commission of the current offense the
person had previously been convicted of
a crime of violence, be sentenced to a
minimum sentence of at least ten years
of total confinement, notwithstanding
any other provision of this title or other
statute to the contrary.
PCRA court opinion, 4/8/15 at 1-2.
Appellant raises the following issues for our review:
[1.] Did the PCRA Court have jurisdiction to
consider [appellant’s] third PCRA petition after
his judgement of sentence became final
beyond the one year period where he invoked
“any” exceptions to the PCRA’s time bar?
[2.] Did the PCRA Court’s denial found [sic] to be
free of legal error and supported by the
record?
[3.] Did the PCRA Court focus on and enforce the
applicable sixty day period for exception to the
one year period?
[4.] Did the PCRA Court have jurisdiction to review
the merits of an untimely PCRA petition
referenced interference by government
officials, facts that were unknown, exercise of
due diligence and righte [sic] asserted are
constitutional right [sic] recognized by the
Supreme Court of the United States and the
Supreme Court of Pennsylvania after the final
judgement?
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[5.] Did the PCRA Court interfere with [appellant’s]
pro-se development of claims of reference to
the statutory provisions for time bar
exception?
[6.] Did the PCRA Court deny hearing where there
were actual disputed factual and legal matters?
[7.] Did the PCRA Court infringe upon [appellant’s]
constitutionality of General Rules and of
Statue [sic]?
Appellant’s brief at 3-4.
All PCRA petitions, including second and subsequent petitions, must be
filed within one year of when a defendant’s judgment of sentence becomes
final. 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1). “A judgment becomes final at the
conclusion of direct review, including discretionary review in the Supreme
Court of the United States and the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, or at the
expiration of the time for seeking the review.” 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(3).
The Pennsylvania Supreme Court has held that the PCRA’s time restriction is
constitutionally sound. Commonwealth v. Cruz, 852 A.2d 287, 292 (Pa.
2004). In addition, our supreme court has instructed that the timeliness of
a PCRA petition is jurisdictional. If a PCRA petition is untimely, a court lacks
jurisdiction over the petition. Commonwealth v. Callahan, 101 A.3d 118,
120-121 (Pa.Super. 2014) (courts do not have jurisdiction over an untimely
PCRA); see also Commonwealth v. Wharton, 886 A.2d 1120 (Pa. 2005).
Here, the trial court resentenced appellant on August 2, 2007.
Appellant failed to file a direct appeal to this court, and consequently,
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appellant’s judgment of sentence became final 30 days after imposition of
sentence and the time for filing a direct appeal expired. See 42 Pa.C.S.A.
§ 9545(b)(3); Pa.R.A.P. 903; Commonwealth v. Cintora, 69 A.3d 759,
763 (Pa.Super. 2013). Therefore, appellant’s petition, filed June 10, 2014,
is facially untimely. As a result, the PCRA court lacked jurisdiction to review
appellant’s petition, unless appellant alleged and proved one of the statutory
exceptions to the time bar, as set forth in 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1).
Those three narrow exceptions to the one-year time bar are: when
the government has interfered with the appellant’s ability to present the
claim, when the appellant has recently discovered facts upon which his PCRA
claim is predicated, or when either the Pennsylvania Supreme Court or the
United States Supreme Court has recognized a new constitutional right and
made that right retroactive. 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1)(i-iii);
Commonwealth v. Brandon, 51 A.3d 231, 233-234 (Pa.Super. 2012).
The appellant bears the burden of pleading and proving the applicability of
any exception. 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1). If an appellant fails to invoke a
valid exception to the PCRA time bar, this court may not review the petition.
See 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1)(i-iii).
Here, appellant contends that his October 9, 2002 burglary sentence is
illegal because it was imposed under the second strike act, 42 Pa.C.S.A.
§ 9714, which requires a mandatory minimum sentence of 10 years’
incarceration where a defendant had previously been convicted of a crime of
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violence. To that end, appellant complains that when he pled guilty to his
first burglary in 1994, burglary was not considered a crime of violence under
the second strike act. As such, appellant claims that because burglary
became a crime of violence as a result of two amendments to the second
strike act in 1995 and 2000 that increased penalties for second and
subsequent convictions of crimes of violence, his 2002 sentence under the
second strike act is unlawful. (Appellant’s brief in passim.)
Challenges to the legality of the sentence are never waived.
Commonwealth v. Berry, 877 A.2d 479, 482 (Pa.Super 2005). This
means that a court may entertain a challenge to the legality of the sentence
so long as the court has jurisdiction to hear the claim. In the PCRA context,
jurisdiction is tied to the filing of a timely PCRA petition. Id.
In an attempt to circumvent the jurisdictional bar, appellant first
claims that his petition falls under the exceptions at 42 Pa.C.S.A.
§ 9545(b)(1)(ii) and (iii), alleging newly discovered evidence, and a newly
recognized constitutional right to relief, pursuant to the United States
Supreme Court’s decision in Alleyne v. United States, U.S.
(2013), 133 S. Ct. 2151 (2013). We disagree.
In analyzing a claim of newly discovered evidence under
Section 9545(b)(1)(ii), our supreme court in Commonwealth v. Bennett,
930 A.2d 1264, 1271 (Pa. 2007), made clear that the exception set forth in
Subsection (b)(1)(ii) does not require any merits analysis of the underlying
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claim. Rather, the exception merely requires that the facts upon which the
claim is predicated must not have been known to appellant and could not
have been ascertained by due diligence. Id. (citation omitted). Therefore,
the plain language of Subsection (b)(1)(ii) is not so narrow as to limit itself
to only claims involving after-discovered evidence. Id. at 1272. Rather,
Subsection (b)(1)(ii) has two components, which appellant must allege and
prove: (1) that the facts upon which the claim was predicated were
unknown and (2) that those facts could not have been ascertained by the
exercise of due diligence. Id. If the petitioner alleges and proves these two
components, then the PCRA court has jurisdiction over the claim under this
subsection. Id. (citation omitted).
Here, appellant claims that the newly discovered evidence is the
United States Supreme Court’s decision in Alleyne, supra, which is
derivatively applicable to him and implicates the legality of his sentences.
We do not find appellant’s argument persuasive for three reasons.
First, our courts have expressly rejected the notion that judicial
decisions can be considered newly discovered facts which would invoke
§ 9545 (b)(1)(ii) protections. See Commonwealth v. Watts, 23 A.3d 980,
986 (Pa. 2011) (holding that a judicial opinion does not qualify as a
previously unknown “fact” capable of triggering the timeliness exception set
forth in Section 9545(b)(1)(ii) of the PCRA; “section 9545(b)(1)(ii) applies
only if the petitioner has uncovered facts that could not have been
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ascertained through due diligence, and judicial determinations are not
facts”); Commonwealth v. Brandon, 51 A.3d 231, 235 (Pa.Super. 2012)
(same).
Second, even if appellant’s claim had met the underlying requirements
of § 9545(b)(1)(ii), he still would not be entitled to any relief, as he did not
satisfy the 60-day requirement set forth in § 9545(b)(2). Appellant did not
file his PCRA petition alleging such exception within 60 days of the Alleyne
decision. To fulfill the 60-day requirement, appellant was required to file his
petition within 60 days of the Court’s decision. Brandon, supra, at 235
(finding appellant’s claim, alleging recently filed judicial decision as newly
discovered fact, failed for, inter alia, not complying with § 9545(b)(2),”the
sixty-day period begins to run upon the date of the underlying judicial
decision[,]” not the date appellant became aware of the decision). The
United States Supreme Court’s decision in Alleyne was filed on June 17,
2013. Appellant filed his petition 358 days later on June 10, 2014. Thus,
the petition was untimely on this basis as well.
Third, even if even appellant’s claim met the underlying requirements
of § 9545(b)(1)(ii) and satisfied the 60-day requirement set forth in
Section 9545(b)(2), Alleyne is not applicable. In Alleyne, the United
States Supreme Court held that “[a]ny fact that, by law, increases the
penalty for a crime is an ‘element’ that must be submitted to the jury and
found beyond a reasonable doubt.” Alleyne, 133 S. Ct. at 2155. In
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Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466 (2000), 120 S. Ct. 2348 (2000),
however, the United States Supreme Court held that a defendant’s
Fourteenth Amendment right to due process and Sixth Amendment right to
trial by jury require that any fact, other than the fact of a prior conviction,
that increases the penalty for a crime beyond the prescribed statutory
maximum, be submitted to a jury and proven beyond a reasonable doubt.
Id. at 2362-2363; see also Commonwealth v. Belak, 825 A.2d 1252,
1256 (Pa. 2003).
Moreover, the legislative history of the second strike act, 42 Pa.C.S.A.
§ 9714, shows that, contrary to appellant’s claim, burglary was already
included in the definition of a crime of violence in 2000. Additionally, in its
2000 amendments, the legislature provided that Title 42 (Judiciary and
Judicial Procedure) of the Pennsylvania Consolidated Statute applied to
proceedings initiated on or after its effective day,3 which necessarily included
appellant’s 2002 sentence proceeding. Therefore, appellant’s claim lacks
merit.
Appellant also fails to satisfy the requirements necessary for invoking
the newly recognized constitutional right exception, pursuant to
Section 9545(b)(1)(iii). Although appellant claims that Alleyne created a
newly recognized constitutional right because it rendered the second strike
act unconstitutional as applied to him, Alleyne, as discussed above, is not
3
1999 Pa.S.B. 380, effective 7/10/00.
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applicable here. Therefore, that holding does not create a newly recognized
constitutional right that can serve as the basis for relief for appellant.
Appellant finally claims that the “government interference” exception,
42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1)(i), applies because (1) the PCRA court dismissed
his petition and (2) the state correctional institute where he is incarcerated
does not have current PCRA petition forms. (Appellant’s brief in passim.)
Pennsylvania courts have repeatedly held that the PCRA contemplates only
challenges to the propriety of a conviction or a sentence. Commonwealth
v. Heredia, 97 A.3d 392, 394 (Pa.Super. 2014) (citation omitted). Because
appellant’s complaint of government interference fails to challenge the
propriety of his conviction or his sentence, this claim lacks merit.
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 3/15/2016
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