Com. v. Gibision, J. ( 2022 )

J-S04022-22
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
JOSEPH GIBISION :
:
Appellant : No. 1239 EDA 2021
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered February 12, 2021
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
Criminal Division at CP-51-CR-0000345-2020
BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., MURRAY, J., and STEVENS, P.J.E.*
MEMORANDUM BY MURRAY, J.: FILED FEBRUARY 16, 2022
Joseph Gibision (Appellant) appeals from the judgment of sentence
imposed after he pled guilty to four counts of robbery, and one count each of
burglary, criminal conspiracy, possession of a firearm by a prohibited person,
and carrying a firearm on public streets or property in Philadelphia.1 Upon
review, we affirm.
On January 23, 2020, the Commonwealth filed a 32-count criminal
information charging Appellant with numerous offenses related to a June 25,
2019 home invasion involving Appellant and two co-conspirators.2 Trial was
____________________________________________
* Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
1 18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 3701(a)(1)(ii), 3502(a)(1)(i), 903, 6105(a)(1), and 6108.
2The criminal information erroneously states the date as June 25, 2016. See
Criminal Information, 1/23/20, at 1-9; N.T., 9/22/20, at 22.
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scheduled to begin on September 22, 2020. The morning of jury selection,
after unsuccessfully litigating a suppression motion, Appellant decided to
plead guilty to the above charges. N.T., 9/22/20, at 1-10. In return, the
Commonwealth nolle prossed the 24 remaining charges. On February 12,
2021, the trial court sentenced Appellant to 5 to 10 years of incarceration.
On February 22, 2021, Appellant filed a motion to withdraw his guilty
plea. Appellant claimed, “he believed he would be able to withdraw his plea
of guilty within 10 days of sentencing if he had a change of heart and wanted
to proceed to trial.” Motion to Withdraw Guilty Plea/Modify Sentence,
2/22/21, at 1 (unnumbered). Appellant asserted “he entered his plea of guilty
based primarily on the allegations of conspiracy and maintains he was not
guilty of some or all of the charges, e.g., the charge of [18 Pa.C.S.A. §] 6105
as he avers he did not possess a firearm.” Id.
The trial court denied the motion without a hearing on February 23,
2021. However, “upon request of Counsel for Defense and without objection
by the Commonwealth,” the trial court vacated its February 23, 2021 order
and scheduled a hearing on the motion for May 21, 2021. Trial Court Opinion,
8/26/21, at 1. The record reflects no hearing took place. The docket denotes
a May 21, 2021 order denying Appellant’s post-sentence motion. That order
is not in the certified record. Notwithstanding, Appellant timely appealed.
Both Appellant and the trial court have complied with Pa.R.A.P. 1925.
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Appellant presents a single issue for our review: “Did not the [trial]
court err in denying the motion to withdraw the guilty plea without a hearing?”
Appellant’s Brief at 2 (some capitalization omitted).
“It is well-settled that the decision whether to permit a defendant to
withdraw a guilty plea is within the sound discretion of the trial court.”
Commonwealth v. Hart, 174 A.3d 660, 664 (Pa. Super. 2017). The term
discretion,
imports the exercise of judgment, wisdom and skill so as to reach
a dispassionate conclusion, and discretionary power can only exist
within the framework of the law, and is not exercised for the
purpose of giving effect to the will of the judges. Discretion must
be exercised on the foundation of reason, as opposed to prejudice,
personal motivations, caprice or arbitrary action. Discretion is
abused when the course pursued represents not merely an error
of judgment, but where the judgment is manifestly unreasonable
or where the law is not applied or where the record shows that
the action is a result of partiality, prejudice, bias or ill will.
Commonwealth v. Kehr, 180 A.3d 754, 756-57 (Pa. Super. 2018) (citation
omitted).
There are different standards for reviewing requests to withdraw a guilty
plea before and after a sentence is imposed. Commonwealth v. Flick, 802
A.2d 620, 623 (Pa. Super. 2002). Pre-sentence, the court administers its
discretion liberally in favor of the accused, and “any demonstration by a
defendant of a fair-and-just reason will suffice to support a grant, unless
withdrawal would work substantial prejudice to the Commonwealth.”
Commonwealth v. Carrasquillo, 115 A.3d 1284, 1292 (Pa. 2015). In
contrast,
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post-sentence motions for withdrawal are subject to higher
scrutiny since courts strive to discourage entry of guilty pleas as
sentence-testing devices. A defendant must demonstrate that
manifest injustice would result if the court were to deny his post-
sentence motion to withdraw a guilty plea. Manifest injustice may
be established if the plea was not tendered knowingly,
intelligently, and voluntarily. In determining whether a plea is
valid, the court must examine the totality of circumstances
surrounding the plea. A deficient plea does not per se establish
prejudice on the order of manifest injustice.
Commonwealth v. Broaden, 980 A.2d 124, 129 (Pa. Super. 2009) (citations
omitted).
We presume when an appellant has entered a guilty plea, he was aware
of what he was doing; it is his burden to prove the plea was involuntary. See
Commonwealth v. McCauley, 797 A.2d 920, 922 (Pa. Super. 2001). Where
the record demonstrates the trial court conducted a guilty plea colloquy and
the appellant understood the nature of the charges against him, the plea is
voluntary. See id.A valid plea colloquy examines:
1) the nature of the charges, 2) the factual basis for the plea, 3)
the right to a jury trial, 4) the presumption of innocence, 5) the
sentencing ranges, and 6) the plea court’s power to deviate from
any recommended sentence.
Commonwealth v. Morrison, 878 A.2d 102, 107 (Pa. Super. 2005) (citation
omitted).
Here, the record reflects that Appellant waived his challenge to the
voluntariness of his guilty plea. We have explained:
In order to preserve an issue related to a guilty plea, an appellant
must either “object[ ] at the sentence colloquy or otherwise raise
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[ ] the issue at the sentencing hearing or through a post-sentence
motion.” Commonwealth v. D’Collanfield, 805 A.2d 1244,
1246 (Pa. Super. 2002). See Pa.R.Crim.P. 720(A)(1),
(B)(1)(a)(i); see also Pa.R.A.P. 302(a) (“Issues not raised in the
lower court are waived and cannot be raised for the first time on
appeal.”).
Commonwealth v. Monjaras-Amaya, 163 A.3d 466, 468–69 (Pa. Super.
2017).
The transcript of the sentencing proceedings reveals Appellant did not
seek to withdraw or otherwise challenge his guilty plea during sentencing.
See N.T., 2/12/21, at 1-56. While Appellant filed a post-sentence motion to
withdraw his guilty plea, he never claimed his plea was unknowing,
unintelligent, or involuntary. See Motion to Withdraw Guilty Plea/Modify
Sentence, 2/22/21, at 1 (unnumbered). Rather, Appellant challenged his
conviction of possessing a firearm. Id. ¶ 4. Appellant first challenged the
voluntariness of his plea in his Rule 1925(b) statement. See Statement of
Errors Complained of on Appeal, 7/28/21, at 1-2 (unnumbered).
On appeal, Appellant again abandons the claims he raised in his motion
to withdraw, and instead argues his guilty plea was not knowing, intelligent,
and voluntary because he “was not clearly informed of his rights with respect
to his motion to withdraw his guilty plea rights,” and was “extremely stressed”
at the time he entered the plea. Appellant’s Brief at 6. Because Appellant did
not challenge the voluntariness of his plea until his Rule 1925(b) statement,
he waived the issue. See Monjaras-Amaya, 163 A.3d at 468-69; see also
Commonwealth v. Baez, 169 A.3d 35, 41 (Pa. Super. 2017) (finding waiver
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where appellant argued issues not raised in his motion to withdraw guilty plea
on appeal); Commonwealth v. Coleman, 19 A.3d 1111, 1118 (Pa. Super.
2011) (issues raised for first time in Rule 1925(b) statement are waived);
Pa.R.A.P. 302(a).
In any event, Appellant’s claim does not merit relief. Appellant’s oral
and written colloquies both met the standards set forth in Morrison, supra.See N.T., 9/22/20, at 9-30; Guilty Plea Colloquy, 9/22/20, at 1-4 see also
Morrison, 878 A.2d at 107. Appellant indicated on his written colloquy that
no one forced or threatened him to plead guilty; he was satisfied with plea
counsel; and he entered the plea “voluntarily.” See Guilty Plea Colloquy,
9/22/20, at 1-4.
Appellant asserts “what was told to [him] about his rights with respect
to a motion to withdraw his guilty pleas was less than ideal.” Appellant’s Brief
at 9. Appellant does not cite any legal authority for his supposition that the
lack of guidance regarding withdrawal of his plea renders it unknowing,
unintelligent or involuntary. The trial court cautioned Appellant, “what you do
here today, Mr. Gibision, is pretty much final.” N.T., 9/22/20 at 17. The trial
court also reminded Appellant it was prepared to begin jury selection and start
trial that day and/or place Appellant on a list for a bench trial. Id. at 10, 14-
17. The record contains no support for Appellant’s claim that he was led to
believe he could withdraw his plea if he changed his mind.
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We further observe that in the five months prior to sentencing, Appellant
at no point sought to withdraw his plea. Appellant waited until ten months
after tendering his plea (and ten days after sentencing) to claim an
unknowing, unintelligent and involuntary guilty plea.
Upon review, we discern no error by the trial court refusing to allow
Appellant to withdraw his guilty plea. See Morrison, 878 A.2d at 107;
McCauley, 797 A.2d at 922; see also Commonwealth v. Yager, 685 A.2d
1000, 1004 (Pa. Super. 1996) (en banc) (citation omitted) (“The law does not
require that appellant be pleased with the outcome of his decision to enter a
plea of guilty: All that is required is that [appellant’s] decision to plead guilty
be knowingly, voluntarily and intelligently made.”).
Judgment of sentence affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 2/16/2022
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