Com. v. Hammett, T. ( 2018 )

J-S76034-17
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, IN THE SUPERIOR COURT
OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee
v.
TAMIR HAMMETT,
Appellant No. 4 EDA 2017
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence May 18, 2017
in the Court of Common Pleas of Delaware County
Criminal Division at No.: CP-23-CR-0003586-2015
BEFORE: PANELLA, J., STABILE, J., and PLATT, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY PLATT, J.: FILED MARCH 26, 2018
Appellant, Tamir Hammett, appeals from the judgment of sentence
imposed on November 17, 2016, and amended by the order of May 18, 2017,
following his bench convictions of one count each of simple assault, terroristic
threats, stalking, criminal trespass, robbery, theft by unlawful taking,
receiving stolen property, disorderly conduct, and harassment.1 On appeal,
Appellant challenges both the discretionary aspects and the legality of
sentence. For the reasons discussed below, we affirm.
____________________________________________
* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
1 18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 2701(a), 2706(a)(1), 2709.1(a)(1), 3503(a)(1),
3701(a)(1), 3921(a), 3925(a), 5503(a)(1), and 2709(a)(1), respectively.
J-S76034-17
We take the underlying facts and procedural history in this matter from
our independent review of the certified record. On July 8, 2015, the
Commonwealth filed a criminal information charging Appellant with the
aforementioned offenses, as well as one count each of arson, risking a
catastrophe, and recklessly endangering another person.2 The charges arose
out of an incident on April 24, 2015, wherein Appellant sent numerous
threatening text messages to his ex-girlfriend (the victim). (See N.T.
Preliminary Hearing, 6/10/15, at 5-9).3 Ultimately, Appellant came to the
victim’s residence, assaulted her in the presence of her children, and took her
keys. (See id. at 10-14). The victim was able to escape, but a few minutes
after she left the scene, Appellant called her and told her that her house was
on fire. (See id. at 15-17). The victim returned to the home, which was on
fire, and contacted the police and fire departments. (See id.).
Following a bench trial on September 21, 2016, the trial court acquitted
Appellant of arson, risking a catastrophe, and recklessly endangering another
person, but convicted him of the remaining offenses. Following receipt of a
Pre-Sentence Investigation Report (PSI), on November 3, 2016, the trial court
sentenced Appellant to an aggregate term of incarceration of not less than
ninety nor more than one hundred and eighty months.
____________________________________________
2 18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 3301, 3302, and 2705, respectively.
3 We note that the trial transcript is not included in the certified record.
-2-
J-S76034-17
On November 14, 2016, Appellant filed a counseled petition to modify
sentence. On November 17, 2016, the trial court granted the petition in part,
modifying the sentence to reflect credit for time served but denied the
challenges in the remainder of the petition. The instant, timely appeal
followed.
On December 22, 2016, the trial court ordered Appellant to file a concise
statement of errors complained of on appeal. See Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b).
Appellant filed a timely Rule 1925(b) statement on January 11, 2017, alleging,
in part, that his conviction for receiving stolen property should have merged
with his robbery and theft convictions for sentencing. See Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b);
(see also Appellant’s Rule 1925(b) Statement, 1/11/17, at unnumbered page
2). On May 18, 2017, the trial court issued an amended sentencing order
vacating the sentence for receiving stolen property. On July 21, 2017, the
trial court issued an opinion. See Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a).
On appeal, Appellant raises the following questions for our review:
Whether the sentence imposed was harsh and excessive
under the circumstances[?] There is a substantial question that
the sentence is not appropriate per the sentencing code because
it requires deeper consideration as to total confinement, whether
partial confinement is indicated, whether correctional treatment
can only be completed during incarceration, and whether a lesser
sentence would deprecate the seriousness of the offense[?]
Whether the elements of count 4 stalking, 13 disorderly
conduct and 14 harassment are included in the elements of count
1 simple assault, as charged in the bills of information[?] Failure
to apply merger was error.
(Appellant’s Brief, at 10) (unnecessary italicization and capitalization omitted).
-3-
J-S76034-17
In his first claim, Appellant challenges the discretionary aspects of his
sentence. (See Appellant’s Brief, at 17-21). Our standard of review is settled.
Sentencing is a matter vested in the sound discretion of the
sentencing judge, and a sentence will not be disturbed on appeal
absent a manifest abuse of discretion. In this context, an abuse
of discretion is not shown merely by an error in judgment. Rather,
the appellant must establish, by reference to the record, that the
sentencing court ignored or misapplied the law, exercised its
judgment for reasons of partiality, prejudice, bias or ill will, or
arrived at a manifestly unreasonable decision.
Commonwealth v. Gonzalez, 109 A.3d 711, 731 (Pa. Super. 2015), appeal
denied, 125 A.3d 1198 (Pa. 2015) (citation omitted).
On appeal, to the extent that it can be determined from Appellant’s
vague argument, he claims that the sentence was harsh and excessive
because the trial court did not consider a sentence of less than total
confinement. (See Appellant’s Brief, at 17; see also id. at 17-21). However,
Appellant waived this claim.
We note, “[i]ssues challenging the discretionary aspects of sentence
must be raised in a post-sentence motion or by presenting the claim to the
trial court during the sentencing proceedings. Absent such efforts, an
objection to a discretionary aspect of a sentence is waived.” Commonwealth
v. McAfee, 849 A.2d 270, 275 (Pa. Super. 2004), appeal denied, 860 A.2d
122 (Pa. 2004) (citations and internal quotations marks omitted).
Here, while Appellant did file a post-sentence motion for modification of
sentence, the only issues challenging the discretionary aspects of sentence
concerned the trial court’s decision to impose consecutive sentences. (See
-4-
J-S76034-17
Motion for to Modify Sentence, 11/14/16, at unnumbered page 2). It is settled
that an appellant waives any discretionary aspects of sentence issue not raised
in a post-sentence motion; also, an appellant cannot raise an issue for the
first time on appeal. See Commonwealth v. Mann, 820 A.2d 788, 794 (Pa.
Super. 2003), appeal denied, 831 A.2d 599 (Pa. 2003) (finding claim
sentencing court did not put sufficient reasons to justify sentence on record
waived where issue was not raised in post-sentence motion); see also
Pa.R.A.P. 302(a). Thus, Appellant waived his discretionary aspects of
sentence claim.
In his second issue, Appellant contends that his sentence is illegal
because the trial court sentenced him on stalking, disorderly conduct, and
harassment, charges that he believes merge with simple assault for purposes
of sentencing. (See Appellant’s Brief, at 22-27). Specifically, Appellant states
that all four charges arose out of the same set of facts and included identical
elements. (See id.). We disagree.
“Whether Appellant’s convictions merge for sentencing is a question
implicating the legality of Appellant’s sentence.” Commonwealth v.
Baldwin, 985 A.2d 830, 833 (Pa. 2009). We have stated:
The issue of whether a sentence is illegal is a question of law;
therefore, our task is to determine whether the trial court erred
as a matter of law and, in doing so, our scope of review is plenary.
Additionally, the trial court’s application of a statute is a question
of law that compels plenary review to determine whether the court
committed an error of law.
-5-
J-S76034-17
Commonwealth v. Williams, 871 A.2d 254, 262 (Pa. Super. 2005) (citations
and quotation marks omitted). Section 9765 of the Judicial Code, which
governs the merger of sentences, provides:
No crimes shall merge for sentencing purposes unless the crimes
arise from a single criminal act and all of the statutory elements
of one offense are included in the statutory elements of the other
offense. Where crimes merge for sentencing purposes, the court
may sentence the defendant only on the higher graded offense.
42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9765. When interpreting Section 9765, our Supreme Court
has directed that the courts apply an elements-based test when determining
questions of merger at the time of sentencing:
A plain language interpretation of Section 9765 reveals the
General Assembly’s intent to preclude the courts of this
Commonwealth from merging sentences for two offenses that are
based on a single criminal act unless all of the statutory elements
of one of the offenses are included in the statutory elements of
the other. . . .
Baldwin, supra at 837 (footnote omitted). We have explained:
[T]he threshold question is whether Appellant committed one
solitary criminal act. The answer to this question does not turn
on whether there was a break in the chain of criminal activity.
Rather, the answer turns on whether the actor commits multiple
criminal acts beyond that which is necessary to establish the bare
elements of the additional crime[.] If so, then the defendant has
committed more than one criminal act. This focus is designed to
prevent defendants from receiving a volume discount on crime[.]
Commonwealth v. Orie, 88 A.3d 983, 1020 (Pa. Super. 2014), appeal
denied, 99 A.3d 925 (Pa. 2014) (quotation marks omitted).
-6-
J-S76034-17
As stated above, Appellant complains that his sentences for stalking,
harassment, and disorderly conduct should have merged with his sentence for
simple assault. To commit stalking, an individual must:
(1) engage[] in a course of conduct or repeatedly commit[] acts
toward another person, including following the person without
proper authority, under circumstances which demonstrate either
an intent to place such other person in reasonable fear of bodily
injury or to cause substantial emotional distress to such other
person; or
(2) engage[] in a course of conduct or repeatedly communicate[]
to another person under circumstances which demonstrate or
communicate either an intent to place such other person in
reasonable fear of bodily injury or to cause substantial emotional
distress to such other person.
18 Pa.C.S.A. § 2709.1(a)(1)-(2).
A person commits harassment when: “with intent to harass, annoy or
alarm another, the person . . . strikes, shoves, kicks or otherwise subjects the
other person to physical contact, or attempts or threatens to do the same[.]”
18 Pa.C.S.A. § 2709(a)(1). A person is guilty of disorderly conduct when:
“with intent to cause public inconvenience, annoyance or alarm, or recklessly
creating a risk thereof, he . . . engages in fighting. . .” 18 Pa.C.S.A. §
5503(a)(1). Lastly, a person commits simple assault when he:
(1) attempts to cause or intentionally, knowingly or recklessly
causes bodily injury to another;
(2) negligently causes bodily injury to another with a deadly
weapon;
(3) attempts by physical menace to put another in fear of
imminent serious bodily injury[.]
-7-
J-S76034-17
18 Pa.C.S.A. § 2701(a)(1), (2), and (3).
Each of these statutes contains elements that simple assault does not.
Harassment requires an intent to annoy or harass which simple assault does
not. See Commonwealth v. Hoffman, 594 A.2d 772, 775 (Pa. Super. 1991)
(holding that harassment does not merge with simple assault for purposes of
sentencing). Disorderly conduct requires a person to create a hazardous or
physically offensive condition, an element that simple assault lacks. Stalking
requires a course of conduct that results in fear or substantial distress, which
is not an element of simple assault. Since each of these offenses contains
separate statutory elements, they do not merge for purpose of sentencing.
See Baldwin, supra at 837; see also 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9765. Appellant’s
challenge to the legality of sentence lacks merit.
Appellant’s claims are either waived or without merit. Accordingly, we
affirm the judgment of sentence.
Judgment of sentence affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 3/26/18
-8-