Com. v. Belgrave, L. ( 2016 )

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
v.
LIBBY ANN SAMANTHA BELGRAVE
Appellant No. 390 MDA 2016
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence January 19, 2016
In the Court of Common Pleas of Dauphin County
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-22-CR-0001890-2014
BEFORE: PANELLA, J., OLSON, J., and PLATT, J.
MEMORANDUM BY PANELLA, J. FILED DECEMBER 02, 2016
Appellant, Libby Ann Samantha Belgrave, appeals from the judgment
of sentence entered in the Dauphin County Court of Common Pleas, Criminal
Division, following her jury trial conviction for criminal trespass.1 We affirm.
The trial court set forth the facts of this case as follows:
In August [2012], [the c]ourt, by the Honorable Bruce Bratton,
awarded Mr. Belgrave [(Appellant’s former husband)] sole
custody of their two children. Mr. Belgrave resides with the
children and his companion, Ms. Tasha Gillis in an apartment at
1417 Market Street, Harrisburg. Judge Bratton’s [o]rder directed
that [Appellant] exercise visitation under supervision at the
Harrisburg YWCA.
____________________________________________

Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
1
18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3503(b)(1)(i).
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On the morning of March 3, 2014, [Appellant] appeared at Mr.
Belgrave’s apartment. [Appellant] banged on the door, cursed,
and demanded to see the children and accused Mr. Belgrave of
kidnapping them. Mr. Belgrave told [Appellant] to stay away. Mr.
Belgrave closed the door and called the police. Police arrived and
ordered [Appellant] to leave and not return to the apartment
building. Police gave Mr. Belgrave a card which documented the
warning to [Appellant]. [The police] instructed Mr. Belgrave to
[give] the card to police should [Appellant] return. Even after
police ordered her to leave, [Appellant] lingered on the sidewalk.
Later that day, [Appellant] returned to the apartment and
knocked on the door. As Ms. Gillis opened the door, [Appellant]
began screaming about the children. Ms. Gillis told [Appellant] to
leave. [Appellant] grabbed Ms. Gillis by the neck and scratched
her with either keys or her nails and inflicted a mark near Ms.
Gillis’ eye. A neighbor intervened. Ms. Gillis called police as
[Appellant] drove away in a U-Haul. The U-Haul hit a school
vehicle then pulled away without stopping.
Officer Brandon Yeager of the Harrisburg City Police responded
to the apartment while other officers located [Appellant]. Officer
Yeager observed a scratch and minor swelling on Ms. Gillis.
Officer Yeager met with [Appellant] at 6th and Woodbine Streets
where other officers located her. He observed no injuries on
[Appellant].
Trial Court Opinion, filed 5/26/16, at 2-3 (internal citations to the record
omitted).
Procedurally, the Commonwealth charged Appellant with simple
assault and criminal trespass.2 Following Appellant’s failure to appear for her
preliminary hearing and the issuance of a bench warrant for her arrest,
Appellant entered a plea of “not guilty.” The court held a jury trial and the
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2
18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 2701(a)(1), 3503(b)(1)(i), respectively.
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jury convicted Appellant of criminal trespass, but was hung as to whether
Appellant committed simple assault. The court sentenced Appellant to 12
months of probation, to pay a fine of $250.00, to complete a psychological
examination and 6 classes of an anger management program, and to avoid
contact with Ms. Gillis and Mr. Belgrave’s residence.
Appellant filed a post sentence motion arguing the jury’s verdict was
against the weight of the evidence. The court denied Appellant relief.
Appellant filed a timely notice of appeal.
Appellant raises two issues for our review:
WHETHER THE EVIDENCE PRESENTED AT TRIAL WAS
INSUFFICIENT TO SUSTAIN THE CONVICTION OF [] APPELLANT
FOR DEFIANT TRESPASS?
DID THE TRIAL COURT ABUSE ITS DISCRETION WHEN IT
DENIED APPELLANT’S MOTION FOR A NEW TRIAL BASED ON
THE WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE FOR THE OFFENSE [OF]
DEFIANT TRESPASS BECAUSE THE VERDICT WAS SO CONTRARY
TO THE EVIDENCE TO SHOCK ONE’S SENSE OF JUSTICE?
Appellant’s Brief, at 8.
Appellant first challenges the sufficiency of the evidence. A challenge
to the sufficiency of evidence implicates the following principles:
The standard we apply in reviewing the sufficiency of the
evidence is whether viewing all the evidence admitted at trial in
the light most favorable to the verdict winner, there is sufficient
evidence to enable the fact-finder to find every element of the
crime beyond a reasonable doubt. In applying [the above] test,
we may not weigh the evidence and substitute our judgment for
the fact-finder. In addition, we note that the facts and
circumstances established by the Commonwealth need not
preclude every possibility of innocence. Any doubts regarding a
defendant’s guilt may be resolved by the fact-finder unless the
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evidence is so weak and inconclusive that as a matter of law no
probability of fact may be drawn from the combined
circumstances. The Commonwealth may sustain its burden of
proving every element of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt
by means of wholly circumstantial evidence. Moreover, in
applying the above test, the entire record must be evaluated and
all evidence actually received must be considered. Finally, the
[trier] of fact while passing upon the credibility of witnesses and
the weight of the evidence produced, is free to believe all, part
or none of the evidence.
Commonwealth v. Hansley, 24 A.3d 410, 416 (Pa. Super. 2011) (citations
omitted).
The Pennsylvania Crimes Code provides the following definition for
criminal trespass:
§ 3503. Criminal trespass
* * *
(b) Defiant trespasser.―
(1) A person commits an offense if, knowing
that he is not licensed or privileged to do so,
he enters or remains in any place as to which
notice against trespass is given by:
(i) actual communication to the actor;
* * *
18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3503(b)(1)(i).3
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3
We recognize that subsections (b.1)(1)(iv) and (b.1)(2) of 18 Pa.C.S.A. §
3503 Criminal trespass were recently declared unconstitutional in Leach
v. Commonwealth, 141 A.3d 426 (Pa. 2016) (holding that 18 Pa.C.S.A. §
3503(b.1)(1)(iv), (b.1)(2) violates the single-subject rule of Article III,
Section 3 of the Pennsylvania Constitution). However, we note the holding in
(Footnote Continued Next Page)
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Appellant argues the Commonwealth failed to establish the elements
of criminal trespass because the Commonwealth did not present evidence
that Appellant entered Mr. Belgrave’s residence. Instead, Appellant
emphasizes that she stood on the sidewalk while requesting to see her
children and the Commonwealth failed to demonstrate that Appellant could
not be standing on the sidewalk while requesting to see her children.
Appellant further maintains the Commonwealth failed to produce a court
order indicating Appellant was prohibited from visiting her children at Mr.
Belgrave’s residence. Thus, Appellant claims insufficient evidence supports
her conviction for criminal trespass because she was permitted to be at Mr.
Belgrave’s residence.
Instantly, the trial court addressed this issue as follows:
[Appellant] received actual notice of the prohibition from
returning. Earlier that day, Mr. Belgrave told [Appellant] to leave
and not return. Police also told [Appellant] to stay away and
provided Mr. Belgrave with a note evidencing their warning to
her. [Appellant] acted in defiance of such actual communication
by returning to the premises later the same day.
[Appellant] having received notice against trespass by actual
communication, the Commonwealth was not required to prove,
as [Appellant] suggests, that a [c]ourt [o]rder barred her from
the premises.
Trial Court Opinion, filed 5/26/16, at 4 (internal citations to the record
omitted).
_______________________
(Footnote Continued)
Leach does not affect our disposition in the instant case because Appellant
was sentenced under subsection (b)(1)(i).
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The record supports the trial court’s reasoning. Appellant’s claim that
she was permitted to be at Mr. Belgrave’s residence was obviously rejected
by the members of the jury who were the sole judges of credibility at trial.
See Hansley, 24 A.3d at 416.
Appellant next contends the court improperly instructed the jury to
consider that the police contacted Appellant, stated she was prohibited from
returning to Mr. Belgrave’s residence, and gave a card to Mr. Belgrave
documenting Appellant’s notice of prohibition as a basis for the charge of
criminal trespass. Appellant complains the court did not state the jury should
first determine Mr. Belgrave’s credibility and then determine whether to
believe the police contacted Appellant. Appellant further complains the
Commonwealth failed to question Mr. Belgrave regarding whether the police
actually contacted Appellant and failed to introduce an incident report
detailing these events. Based on the foregoing and in light of the fact that
the jury was hung regarding Appellant’s simple assault charge, Appellant
asserts her criminal trespass verdict shocks one’s sense of justice.4 Appellant
concludes this Court should vacate Appellant’s sentence and order her a new
trial. We disagree.
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4
We note Appellant objects to the trial court’s issuance of an instruction in
the context of a weight-of-the-evidence claim, which we observe has been
properly preserved for appellate review. However, to the extent Appellant’s
argument may be construed as an objection to the trial court’s instruction in
and of itself, that claim is waived for Appellant’s failure to object to the jury
instructions. See Pa.R.A.P. 302(b).
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The weight of the evidence is exclusively for the finder of fact
who is free to believe all, part, or none of the evidence and to
determine the credibility of the witnesses. An appellate court
cannot substitute its judgment for that of the finder of fact.
Thus, we may only reverse the lower court’s verdict if it is so
contrary to the evidence as to shock one’s sense of justice.
Moreover, where the trial court has ruled on the weight claim
below, an appellate court’s role is not to consider the underlying
question of whether the verdict is against the weight of the
evidence. Rather, appellate review is limited to whether the trial
court palpably abused its discretion in ruling on the weight claim.
Commonwealth v. Champney, 832 A.2d 403, 408 (Pa. 2003) (internal
citations omitted).
Here, the trial court gave the following instruction to the jury:
[Attorney DeStefano (counsel for Appellant)]: Thank you, Judge.
May we approach briefly?
[The court]: Yes.
* * *
(A discussion was held off the record at sidebar.)
* * *
(The following discussion was held on the record at sidebar:)
[The court]: All right. Counsel has raised the issue that there
was prior police contact discussed in the opening. I’m going to
briefly clarify—It would be objectionable; however, what he was
referring to, [Attorney] Wilson [(counsel for the
Commonwealth)], was that she in prior times was told not to be
there, which is the basis for the charge of defiant trespass
because you can’t be defiant if you haven’t been told, so I’m
going to indicate to the jury that—and cure what could be a
defect here. I’m going to tell the jury that the prior contact [has]
nothing to do with the other charges and so one but that has
simply to do with the fact that she was told to stay away from
the property and by coming this time she allegedly, she may
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have violated that and that forms the basis for the charge of
defiant trespass.
[Attorney DeStefano]: Thank you.
(Discussion at sidebar was concluded.)
* * *
[The court]: Ladies and gentlemen, during the [opening],
[Attorney] Wilson indicated there was a prior police contact. It
did not involve other charges. It is the contact of don’t come to
this house again that forms the basis for the defiant trespass
because a defiant trespass is you’ve been told stay away and
you defy that, you come back, allegedly. That’s all we are
saying. So we want you to understand it’s not because she
committed other acts. It only is the basis of the defiant trespass,
being told to stay away, and then allegedly coming back in
defiance of that warning.
N.T., Trial, 10/8/15, at 11-13. The court addressed Appellant’s issue in its
Rule 1925(a) opinion as follows:
The [c]ourt properly articulated in its cautionary instruction the
purpose for which the jury could consider evidence [of the] prior
police contact, that is, whether [Appellant] received a warning
which she disregarded. The instruction cured the potential that
the jury would consider the evidence for an improper purpose. . .
. Counsel did not object to the adequacy of the cautionary
instruction.
* * *
The weight of the evidence supports the jury’s findings. [T]he
evidence demonstrated that police and Mr. Belgrave instructed
[Appellant] to stay away from the premises. The jury could
easily conclude that she defied that instruction by returning to
the premises that afternoon.
Finally, the jury’s inability to reach a verdict charge of [s]imple
[a]ssault does not call into question the verdict on the charge of
[d]efiant trespass. It was within the province of the jury to
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evaluate the credibility of each witness as [his or her] testimony
related to the two charges. . . .
Trial Court Opinion, at 6-7 (internal citations omitted).
The trial court did not abuse its discretion in rejecting Appellant’s claim
that the verdict was against the weight of the evidence. See Champney,
832 A.2d at 408.
Based on the foregoing, we conclude Appellant’s issues are without
merit. Accordingly, we affirm.
Judgment of sentence affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 12/2/2016
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