Com. v. McClaskey, B. ( 2015 )

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee
v.
BRIAN CHRISTOPHER MCCLASKEY,
Appellant No. 887 EDA 2015
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence of January 12, 2015
In the Court of Common Pleas of Montgomery County
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-46-0002018-2013
BEFORE: GANTMAN, P.J., FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E., and OLSON, J.
MEMORANDUM BY OLSON, J.: FILED DECEMBER 30, 2015
Appellant, Brian Christopher McClaskey, appeals from the judgment of
sentence of ten to 20 years of incarceration imposed on January 12, 2015,
after the trial court convicted Appellant of burglary, criminal attempted
indecent assault, criminal trespass, and false imprisonment.1 Upon review,
we affirm.
The trial court recited the factual and procedural background of this
case as follows:
[The victim] was at home alone on February 16, 2013, sick in
bed in her residence[.] To her great horror, at around 9:00
p.m., a man wearing a mask and gloves came through the door
to her second-floor bedroom. He jumped on top of her in bed
and told her he wanted to kiss her all over. [The victim]
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18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 3502, 901, 3503 and 2903, respectively.
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struggled with her then-unknown assailant, who reeked of
alcohol, and eventually removed his mask. She recognized the
man as [Appellant], her neighbor.
[Appellant] had gained access to [the victim’s] house, without
her permission, through a door leading to a common basement
shared by their respective residences. [The victim] was afraid
[Appellant] was going to rape her and succeeded in talking him
out of it. During their discussion, [Appellant] indicated that he
had been interested in her for some time. [The victim], in
contrast, only knew [Appellant] as her neighbor and had never
spoken to him prior to this incident.
[The victim] eventually convinced [Appellant] to leave.
[Appellant] told her to stay in bed and he would leave on his
own, but [the victim] walked downstairs with him because she
wanted to make sure he left. She asked how [Appellant] had
gotten into her house and he said through the kitchen door.
[The victim] noticed, however, that her kitchen door was still
locked; she realized he had come in through the common
basement. [Appellant] left through the kitchen door.
Moments later [the victim] heard [Appellant] knocking on the
same door. He begged to be let back in because he had locked
himself out of his house and wanted to get back through the
basement. She allowed [Appellant] back in and locked the
basement door after he left. She called her sister and then the
police.
Police arrived and eventually encountered [Appellant]. In
response to being asked if he knew why they were there,
[Appellant] stated[,] “Yes. I know I did wrong.” He also
volunteered to police that he had heard them talking about a
mask and gloves. He told police those items were in the
basement.
[Appellant] initially entered an open guilty plea to burglary and
criminal attempt indecent assault, but withdrew the plea prior to
sentencing. The case proceeded to a stipulated bench trial. The
[trial court] found [Appellant] guilty of burglary, criminal attempt
at indecent assault, criminal trespass and false imprisonment.
He later was sentenced to ten to twenty years in prison for the
burglary offense. He also was sentenced to consecutive terms of
probation of five years for criminal attempt, seven years for
criminal trespass and two years for false imprisonment.
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[Appellant] filed a post-sentence motion in which he claimed the
sentence was illegal because burglary and criminal trespass
should have merged for purposes of sentencing and because he
should not have been sentenced for criminal attempt and false
imprisonment as they were the offenses he intended to commit
when he unlawfully entered [the victim’s] residence. He also
claimed [the trial] court abused its discretion by imposing an
excessive sentence.
After response from the Commonwealth, [the trial] court vacated
the sentences imposed on the criminal attempt and false
imprisonment convictions and left the remainder of the sentence
intact. [Appellant] subsequently appealed and, at the direction
of th[e trial] court, filed a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement of errors.
Trial Court Opinion, 5/15/15, at 1-3 (footnotes omitted).
On appeal, Appellant presents two issues for our review:
WHETHER THE TEN TO TWENTY YEARS SENTENCE OF TOTAL
CONFINEMENT IMPOSED BY THE TRIAL COURT ON JANUARY 12,
2015, AND THE FOURTEEN YEARS OF PROBATION
CONSECUTIVE TO HIS PAROLE WITH RESPECT TO APPELLANT’S
CONVICTIONS FOR BURGLARY, ATTEMPTED INDECENT
ASSAULT, CRIMINAL TRESPASS, AND FALSE IMPRISONMENT
FOR REASONS ALREADY INCORPORATED IN THE GUIDELINES
AND OTHER INAPPROPRIATE REASONS, WAS UNDULY HARSH,
TOO SEVERE A PUNISHMENT FOR HIS PARTICULAR OFFENCE
[sic], AND IN EXCESS OF WHAT IS NECESSARY FOR THE
PROTECTION OF THE PUBLIC AND A VIOLATION OF THE NORMS
OF THE SENTENCING PROCESS AND THEREFORE AN ABUSE OF
DISCRETION[?]
WHETHER THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN FAILING TO MERGE THE
SENTENCES IMPOSED FOR THE CRIMES OF BURGLARY AND
CRIMINAL TRESPASS[?]
Appellant’s Brief at 9.
In his first issue, Appellant challenges the discretionary aspects of his
sentence. Commonwealth v. Rhoades, 8 A.3d 912, 915 (Pa. Super.
2010) (claim that sentence is excessive is a challenge to the discretionary
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aspects of a sentence). It is well-settled that “sentencing is a matter vested
in the sound discretion of the sentencing judge, whose judgment will not be
disturbed absent an abuse of discretion.” Commonwealth v. Ritchey, 779
A.2d 1183, 1185 (Pa. Super. 2001). Moreover, pursuant to statute,
Appellant does not have an automatic right to appeal the discretionary
aspects of his sentence. See 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9781(b). Instead, Appellant
must petition this Court for permission to appeal the discretionary aspects of
his sentence. Id.
Recently, this Court reiterated:
The right to appellate review of the discretionary aspects of a
sentence is not absolute, and must be considered a petition for
permission to appeal. See [Commonwealth v. Hoch, 936 A.2d
515, 518 (Pa. Super. 2007)] (citation omitted). An appellant
must satisfy a four-part test to invoke this Court's jurisdiction
when challenging the discretionary aspects of a sentence.
[W]e conduct a four-part analysis to determine: (1) whether
appellant has filed a timely notice of appeal; (2) whether the
issue was properly preserved at sentencing or in a motion to
reconsider and modify sentence; (3) whether appellant's brief
has a fatal defect; and (4) whether there is a substantial
question that the sentence appealed from is not appropriate
under the Sentencing Code.
Commonwealth v. Moury, 992 A.2d 162, 170 (Pa. Super.
2010) (citations omitted).
Commonwealth v. Buterbaugh, 91 A.3d 1247, 1265-1266 (Pa. Super.
2013) (en banc), appeal denied, 104 A.3d 1 (Pa. 2014).
“A substantial question exists only when the appellant advances
a colorable argument that the sentencing judge's actions were
either: (1) inconsistent with a specific provision of the
Sentencing Code; or (2) contrary to the fundamental norms
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which underlie the sentencing process.” Commonwealth v.
Glass, 50 A.3d 720, 727 (Pa. Super. 2012) (citations and
internal quotation marks omitted).
Buterbaugh, 91 A.3d at 1266.
Instantly, Appellant filed a timely notice of appeal, preserved his
sentencing challenge in his post-sentence motion, and included a separate
Rule 2119(f) concise statement in his appellate brief. See Appellant’s Brief
at 17-20. To the extent Appellant argues that the trial court failed to
consider a multitude of mitigating factors, see Appellant’s Brief at 17-20, his
assertion that the trial court failed to consider mitigating facts does not raise
a substantial question. Buterbaugh, 91 A.3d at 1266. However, with
regard to Appellant’s contention that the trial court abused its discretion by
sentencing him to a “maximum sentence that was ten times what the
Guidelines called for,” such claim presents a substantial question. See
Appellant’s Brief at 20; Commonwealth v. Eby, 784 A.2d 204, 206 (Pa.
Super. 2001) (claim that the sentencing court imposed an unreasonable
sentence by sentencing outside the guideline ranges presents a substantial
question). Thus, we consider Appellant’s sentencing claim. In doing so, we
are mindful of prevailing case law, which this Court recently summarized:
“In every case in which the court imposes a sentence for a
felony or a misdemeanor, the court shall make as a part of the
record, and disclose in open court at the time of sentencing, a
statement of the reason or reasons for the sentence imposed.”
Commonwealth v. Mouzon, 812 A.2d 617, 620–21 (Pa.
2002); see 42 Pa.C.S. § 9721(b). The sentencing guidelines are
not mandatory, and sentencing courts retain “broad discretion in
sentencing matters, and therefore, may sentence defendants
outside the [g]uidelines.” Id. (citing Commonwealth v. Ellis,
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700 A.2d 948, 958 (Pa. Super. 1997)). “In every case where
the court imposes a sentence ... outside the guidelines adopted
by the Pennsylvania Commission on Sentencing ... the court
shall provide a contemporaneous written statement of the
reason or reasons for the deviation from the guidelines.” 42
Pa.C.S. § 9721(b). However, “[t]his requirement is satisfied
‘when the judge states his reasons for the sentence on the
record and in the defendant's presence.’” Commonwealth v.
Widmer, 667 A.2d 215, 223 (1995), reversed on other grounds,
689 A.2d 211 (1997). Consequently, all that a trial court must
do to comply with the above procedural requirements is to state
adequate reasons for the imposition of sentence on the record in
open court. See [Commonwealth v.] Robinson, 931 A.2d
[15, 26 (Pa. Super. 2007)] (quoting Commonwealth v. Walls,
846 A.2d 152, 158 (Pa. Super. 2004), reversed on other
grounds, 926 A.2d 957 (Pa. 2007)) (“If a court chooses to
sentence a defendant outside of the sentencing guidelines, it
should state on the record adequate reasons for the deviation.”).
“When imposing sentence, a court is required to consider ‘the
particular circumstances of the offense and the character of the
defendant.’” Commonwealth v. McClendon, 589 A.2d 706,
712–13 (Pa. Super. 1991) (en banc) (quoting Commonwealth
v. Frazier, 500 A.2d 158, 159 (Pa. Super. 1985)). “In
considering these factors, the court should refer to the
defendant’s prior criminal record, age, personal characteristics
and potential for rehabilitation.” Id. “Where pre-sentence
reports exist, we shall ... presume that the sentencing judge was
aware of relevant information regarding the defendant’s
character and weighed those considerations along with
mitigating statutory factors. A pre-sentence report constitutes
the record and speaks for itself.” Commonwealth v. Devers,
546 A.2d 12, 18 (Pa. 1988).
Commonwealth v. Antidormi, 84 A.3d 736, 760-61 (Pa. Super. 2014),
appeal denied, 95 A.3d 275 (2014).
In examining the merits of Appellant’s claim, we recognize that the
primary consideration in our review of the discretionary aspects of a
sentence imposed by a trial court is whether the court imposed an
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individualized sentence, and whether the sentence was nonetheless
unreasonable for sentences falling outside the guidelines. Commonwealth
v. Coulverson, 34 A.3d 135 (Pa. Super. 2011). Also, “[a] trial court need
not undertake a lengthy discourse for its reasons for imposing a sentence or
specifically reference the statute in question, but the record as a whole must
reflect the sentencing court’s consideration of the facts of the crime and
character of the offender.” Commonwealth v. Crump, 995 A.2d 1280,
1283 (Pa. Super. 2010), appeal denied, 13 A.3d 475 (Pa. 2010).
Here, we find no basis to disturb the trial court’s determination that
Appellant’s “sentence was appropriate under the circumstances.” Trial Court
Opinion, 5/15/15 at 4. Our review of the record reveals that the sentence
imposed by the trial court was not unreasonable, and reflected the trial
court’s consideration of the facts of the crime and the character of Appellant.
At sentencing, the trial court heard from Mr. Bill Bishop, who testified
to working as a mentor to Appellant at the Montgomery County Correctional
Facility. Mr. Bishop testified that Appellant availed himself of numerous
prison programs, and was “doing everything … to put himself in a position to
succeed.” N.T., 1/12/15, at 9. Mr. Bishop stated that he “saw goodness” in
Appellant, and was “hoping he is judged gently.” Id. The trial court also
considered letters submitted from Appellant’s wife, father-in-law, and
mother. Id. at 11-12. Finally, the trial court heard from Appellant, who
testified to having a loving family, but suffering from depression and
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substance abuse. Id. at 38. Appellant admitted to his actions regarding the
victim as “harmful and shameful,” expressed his regret, and apologized to
both the victim and his family. Id. Appellant also recounted rehabilitative
measures he has pursued in prison, such as mental health counseling and
Alcoholics Anonymous. Id. at 40.
Conversely, the Commonwealth presented testimony from the victim,
who read a detailed statement on the record, noting in doing so that it was
“exhausting” and “very upsetting.” Id. at 17. The victim stated that during
the assault, “there was electricity in my body and my heart was doing things
I never thought it could.” Id. at 18. The victim’s entire statement, id. at
15-29, was admitted into evidence as Commonwealth Exhibit C-1. It
included her averment that “there are no words to say to you to get you to
understand what I had to deal with both during and after the events … I
have been alone with the horror, the fears, the tears.” Id. at 26, 28. The
victim asked the trial court, “Please, Your Honor, please don’t take it easy on
this man. Please don’t let him go away or get away with this.” Id. at 27.
At the conclusion of the hearing, the trial court commented at length
as follows:
In this present case, I have considered [Appellant’s] age, the
information about [him] which [he has] given me and which is in
the Pre-Sentence Investigation and that which [he] just testified
to, as well as the evidence of the circumstances of the offense.
The facts as to [Appellant’s] personal background and
circumstances are not in dispute. The facts of the offense have
been admitted.
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I have relied upon the Pre-Sentence Investigation and I have
considered the risk assessment in addition to the letters I
received prior to this hearing today and the correspondence I
received from [Appellant’s] mother on different occasions. …
Okay. And I’m making the PSI and the risk assessment part of
the record along with the sentencing guidelines that are part of
the PSI.
[Appellant has] a long history of mental health issues. [He has]
had multiple inpatient stays for violent sexual thoughts toward
women, suicidal ideations, and homicidal thoughts as well.
[Appellant has] been placed into institutions, mental health
institutions, to try to help [him] in the past, according to the
PSI.
Also noted is that [Appellant was] sexually abused as a boy,
most deviantly by [his] brother.
It is also noted that you have a long history of drug and alcohol
abuse as well and have sought treatment at different occasions.
…
You also have a pornography addiction. That was also
mentioned.
I am at an absolute loss that the – and I must mention that the
risk assessment states that you have a low risk for recidivism –
after just mentioning the horrific background that you have, not
criminal on your part, but the mental illness that you suffer from
and the substance abuse, sexual abuse, and the ideations that
you have, that they would with a straight face make that in their
report. I totally disagree with that based upon my experience in
criminal court and in the practice of law for 35 years.
Let’s face it, you are every woman’s nightmare. Look what
you’ve done to this woman. Do you see her back there? …
The worst thing that you have done to her in my mind that is so
obvious to anyone who sat here is that she doubts herself.
She spent 25 minutes apologizing for what you did to her. You
made her question her own sanity. She has been apologizing
since she opened her mouth about this really happened, I swear
to God it happened, I was there.
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Unfortunately, she was there. And unfortunately, what you have
taken away from her is her confidence, her security in the
simplest things in life: Walking to her apartment, a noise she
hears, foreboding, someone behind her, making sure the lights
are on, the light’s off, was this in this place or that place. This is
her life now because of what you did.
I have to balance what is best for you and what is best for
society when I fashion a sentence. …
Id. at 42-46.
The trial court then rendered its sentence, adding:
This sentence considered the fact that I consider [Appellant] an
undue risk. That during a period of probation or partial
confinement, [Appellant] will commit another crime. That
[Appellant is] in need of correctional treatment that can be
provided most effectively by [his] commitment to an institution,
and a lesser sentence would depreciate the seriousness of
[Appellant’s crimes]. That is why I decided to sentence
[Appellant] to total confinement.
I would also point out that I think [Appellant] is an absolute risk
at this juncture to repeat this type of behavior.
Also, the damage that has been done to this victim is
irreparable.
Id. at 52.
The trial court’s rationale indicates that it applied an individualized and
reasonable sentence consistent with the sentencing jurisprudence of
Pennsylvania. Antidormi, supra. We therefore find no abuse of discretion
by the trial court, nor merit to Appellant’s first issue regarding his sentence.
In his second issue, Appellant argues that the trial court erred by
failing to merge his convictions for burglary and criminal trespass. Appellant
specifically asserts that there is no jurisprudence “definitively indicat[ing]
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that burglary and criminal trespass do not merge.” Appellant’s Brief at 51.
Appellant further contends that Commonwealth v. Quintua, 56 A.3d 399(Pa. Super. 2012), should be reversed as it expands on the holding of
Commonwealth v. Baldwin, 985 A.2d 830 (Pa. 2009), to an extreme. Id.
at 52. Appellant’s merger claim is spurious.
The trial court accurately and succinctly recited the applicable legal
authority as follows:
[Appellant] contends th[e trial] court imposed an illegal sentence
because burglary and criminal trespass should have merged for
purposes of sentencing. He relies on Commonwealth v.
Jones, 912 A.2d 815 (Pa. 2006), a plurality decision in which
our Supreme Court held that the two offenses merged for
sentencing. [Appellant’s] reliance is misplaced.
In the wake of our Supreme Court’s post-Jones decision in
Commonwealth v. Baldwin, 985 A.2d 830 (Pa. 2009), the
crimes of criminal trespass and burglary have been found not to
merge for purposes of sentencing. See Commonwealth v.
Quintua, 56 A.3d 399 (Pa. Super. 2012). As such, [Appellant]
is not entitled to relief.
Trial Court Opinion, 5/15/15, at 4.
In asserting that “the Quintua case should be reversed,” Appellant
concedes that burglary and criminal trespass do not merge for sentencing
purposes, and improperly urges us to reconsider the holding of Quintua.
See Appellant's Brief at 52. This panel lacks the authority to do so. See
Commonwealth v. Beck, 78 A.3d 656, 659 (Pa. Super. 2013) (one panel
of the Superior Court is not empowered to overrule another panel of the
Superior Court). Accordingly, Appellant’s merger issue fails.
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Based on the foregoing, we find Appellant’s sentencing and merger
issues to be without merit. Accordingly, we affirm the January 12, 2015
judgment of sentence.
Judgment of sentence affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 12/30/2015
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