Com. v. Crockett, N. ( 2015 )

J-S14044-15
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee :
:
v. :
:
NICHOLAS CROCKETT, :
:
Appellant : No. 2854 EDA 2014
Appeal from the PCRA Order entered on September 19, 2014
in the Court of Common Pleas of Montgomery County,
Criminal Division, No. CP-46-CR-0002334-2007
BEFORE: DONOHUE, OLSON and MUSMANNO, JJ.
MEMORANDUM BY MUSMANNO, J.: FILED MARCH 30, 2015
Nicholas Crockett (“Crockett”) appeals the Order dismissing his second
Petition filed pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”).1 We
affirm.
The PCRA court set forth the relevant factual and procedural history in
its Opinion, which we incorporate herein by reference for purposes of this
appeal. See PCRA Court Opinion, 10/30/14, 1-4.
On appeal, Crockett, pro se, raises the following issues for our review:
1. Did the trial court err in failing to find [Crockett’s] second
PCRA Petition timely under Commonwealth v. Lark, 746
A[.]2d 585, 588 (Pa.[]2000), requiring [Crockett] to wait for
the out come [sic] of his first [] [PCRA] Petition?
2. Did the trial court err in failing to find [that Crockett’s]
sentence is illegal/unconstitutional based on already [sic]
preserving this issue on direct appeal, and based on the
1
See 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546.
J-S14044-15
holdings in Alleyne v. U.S., 133[] S.[]Ct. 2151 (2013) and
Commonwealth v. Newman, [99 A.3d 86] ([Pa. Super.]
2014)?
Brief for Appellant at 3 (capitalization omitted).
We review an order dismissing a petition under the PCRA
in the light most favorable to the prevailing party at the PCRA
level. This review is limited to the findings of the PCRA court
and the evidence of record. We will not disturb a PCRA court’s
ruling if it is supported by evidence of record and is free of legal
error.
Commonwealth v. Ford, 44 A.3d 1190, 1194 (Pa. Super. 2012) (citations
omitted).
As Crockett’s issues are related, we will address them together.
Crockett contends that his first PCRA Petition was timely. Brief for Appellant
at 8. Crockett asserts that, because Alleyne was decided while he was
actively appealing the denial of his first PCRA Petition, he was permitted to
file his second Petition, raising an Alleyne argument, within sixty days of
the final Order on his first Petition. Id. at 8-9. Crockett claims that his
second Petition was timely filed within the sixty-day period following the
Pennsylvania Supreme Court’s denial of his Petition for Allowance of Appeal
of the Order dismissing his first Petition. Id. at 9.
Crockett also contends that the PCRA court erred by failing to find that
his sentence is illegal based on a retroactive application of Alleyne. Id. at
9-11. Crockett asserts that Alleyne is to be applied retroactively, pursuant
to this Court’s decision in Newman. Id. at 11.
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The PCRA court succinctly addressed Crockett’s issues, set forth the
relevant law, and concluded that they lack merit. See PCRA Court Opinion,
10/30/14, 4-10. We agree with the sound reasoning of the PCRA court and
affirm on this basis as to Crockett’s claims on appeal. See id.
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 3/30/2015
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IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY,
PENNSYLVANIA
CRIMINAL DIVISION
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA NO. 2334-07
V.
NICHOLAS CROCKETT
-0
:I;.:
OPINION 1k N..
o
FURBER, P.J. October gD ,2~14
Nicholas Crockett has appealed to the Superior Court of Pennsylvania
from our final order, dated September 18, 2014, dismissing as time-barred his
second petition pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act. We believe that
defendant's appeal is without merit.
Background
On July 3, 2008, following trial before the undersigned and a jury,
defendant - then represented by Francis M. Walsh, Esquire - was convicted
of aggravated assaultl, burglary 2, two counts of recklessly endangering
another person 3 , and related offenses.
A detailed recitation of the facts of this case may be found in our
opinion dated July 22, 2009, addressing defendant's direct appeal. Stated
succinctly, defendant forced his way inside a residence in Pottstown,
Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, in search of an individual named Julious
Colzie. Rushing through the house and into the kitchen - where multiple
1 18 Pa.C.S. §2702(a)(I)
2 18 Pa.C.S. §3502(a)
3 18 Pa.C.S. §2705
(. ( Circulated 02/26/2015 11:12 AM
people were present - defendant fired three shots from a handgun in the
direction of Colzie as Colzie and another individual fled out the back door4.
On September 10, 2008, the Commonwealth filed notice of it's intention
to seek five year mandatory minimum sentences on defendant's convictions
for burglary and aggravated assault, pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S.A. §9712(a), on
the basis that the offenses were committed while the defendant visibly
``~ possessed a firearm.
Defendant appeared before the undersigned for sentencing on
December 12, 2008. Following hearing, the court imposed the mandatory
minimum sentences on defendant's convictions for aggravated assault and
burglary, directing that these sentences of not less than five (5) nor more
than ten (10) years imprisonment be served consecutively. The undersigned
also imposed a consecutive sentences of not less than three (3) nor more than
six (6) years imprisonment on defendant's conviction for firearms not to be
carried without a license, and consecutive sentences of not less than six (6)
nor more than twelve (12) months imprisonment on each of defendant's two
convictions for recklessly endangering another person. Defendant thus
received an aggregate sentence of not less than fourteen (14) nor more than
twenty-eight (28) years imprisonment.
Defendant filed a direct appeal to the Superior Court of Pennsylvania,
which that court denied by memorandum opinion dated July 26,2010 (1523
EDA 2009). Defendant's petition for allowance of appeal was denied by the
Supreme Court of Pennsylvania on November 30, 2010 (139 MAL 2010).
On December 5, 2011, defendant filed, pro se, a timely first petition
pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act, 42 Pa.C.S.A. §9541, et seq.,
raising numerous claims of ineffective assistance of counsel on the part of his
4 Fortunately, no one was struck by the shots fired by defendant.
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preliminary hearing counsel (John 1. McMahon, Jr., Esquire) and his trial
and appellate counsel (Mr. Walsh). The undersigned appointed Patrick J.
McMenamin, Jr., Esquire, to represent defendant as PCRA counsel. On
March 7,2012, Mr. McMenamin forwarded to this court a detailed "no merit"
letter, pursuant to Commonwealth v. Finley, 550 A.2d 213 (Pa. Super. 1988),
stating Mr. McMenamin's opinion that defendant was not entitled to PCRA
``~. relief. Following an independent review of the record, the undersigned
determined that Mr. McMenamin was correct, and that defendant was not
entitled to PCRA relief. Accordingly, on May 23, 2012, the undersigned
notified defendant, pursuant to Pa.R.Crim.P. 907(1), of this court's intention
to dismiss his first PCRA petition without a hearing.
Rather than filing his optional response to this court's Rule 907(1)
Notice - and despite having been explicitly advised that said Rule 907(1)
Notice did not constitute a final, appealable order - defendant nonetheless
filed an appeal from the Rule 907(1) Notice to the Superior Court of
Pennsylvania. The Superior Court dismissed said appeal by order dated
October 2, 2012 (1714 EDA 2012), and remanded the record to the
Montgomery County Court of Common Pleas.
On December 13, 2012, the undersigned entered this court's final order
dismissing defendant's first PCRA petition. Defendant appealed to the
Superior Court, which affirmed our order of dismissal by memorandum
opinion dated October 1, 2013 (101 EDA 2013). By order dated March 26,
2014, the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania denied defendant's petition for
allowance of appeal (912 MAL 2013).
On May 30,2014, defendant filed, pro se, the instant PCRA petition, his
second. The petition on its face is dated May 23, 2014, and the envelope in
which the petition was mailed is postmarked May 27,2014.
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Upon review, the undersigned determined that defendant's second
PCRA petition was time-barred. Accordingly, on August 7,2014, the
undersigned entered this court's Notice Pursuant to Pa.R.Crim.P. 907(1),
informing defendant of our intention to dismiss his second PCRA petition
without a hearing. Defendant did not file a response to our Rule 907(1)
Notice and, on September 18, 2014, the undersigned accordingly entered our
final order dismissing defendant's second PCRA petition.
On October 6, 2014, defendant filed a timely appeal to the Superior
Court of Pennsylvania. On October 28,2014, the undersigned received a copy
of defendant's statement of errors complained of on appeal, pursuant to
Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure 1925(b). For the reasons that
follow, we believe that defendant's second PCRA petition was properly
dismissed and that defendant is not entitled to appellate relief.
Discussion
In his second PCRA petition, defendant contends that the mandatory
minimum sentences imposed upon him for aggravated assault and burglary
have been rendered unconstitutional by the decision of the Supreme Court of
the United States in Alleyne v. United States, 570 U.S., 133 S.Ct. '2151, 186
L.Ed.2d 314 (2013). In Alleyne, the Court held that any fact triggering the
imposition of a mandatory minimum sentence is an element of the offense
that must be submitted to a jury and found beyond a reasonable doubt.
The holding of Alleyne cast serious doubt on the constitutionality of a
number of Pennsylvania's mandatory minimum sentencing statutes-
including 42 Pa.C.S.A. §9712 - in that those statutes specify that the
requisite triggering facts are not to be treated as elements of the offense, and
in that the statutes direct that it is the sentencing judge who determines the
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\
existence of the triggering facts under a preponderance of the evidence
standard. Indeed, on March 21,2014, the undersigned entered an order in
the consolidated cases of Commonwealth v. Khalil Brockington (No. 9311-12),
Commonwealth v. Khalil Blakeney (No. 2521-13), and Commonwealth v.
William Bates (No. 139-13) which explicitly held that three of Pennsylvania's
mandatory minimum sentencing statutes that are similar in construction to
§9712 are unconstitutional under Alleyne 5 .
Subsequently, in Commonwealth v. Newman, _A.3d _ (2014 PA.
Super. 178, decided August 20, 2014), the Superior Court of Pennsylvania
held that Alleyne rendered unconstitutional the mandatory minimum
sentencing scheme codified at 42 Pa.C.S.A. §9712.1. See also, Commonwealth
v. Valentine, _ A.3d _ (2014 PA. Super. 220, decided October 4,2014).
We thus believe that defendant is correct when he asserts that both
this court and the Superior Court of Pennsylvania have held that Alleyne
renders unconstitutional the mandatory minimum sentencing statute under
which he was sentenced. Defendant, however, is still not entitled to PCRA
relief on his claim, which is time-barred on its face.
The gravamen of defendant's claim is that Alleyne has rendered his
sentence illegal. Unfortunately for defendant, it is well-settled that, while
claims of illegal sentence cannot be waived, such claims nonetheless remain
subject to the time requirements of the Post Conviction Relief Act. See, e.g.,
Commonwealth v. Taylor, 65 A.3d 462 (Pa. Super. 2013), Commonwealth v.
Grafton, 928 A.2d 1112 (Pa. Super. 2007).
Pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S.A. §9545(b)(1), all PCRA petitions - including
second and subsequent petitions - normally must be filed within one year
5 These cases are currently on appeal in the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania at36 MAP 2014, 37
MAP 2014, and 38 MAP 2014.
5
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from the date the petitioner's judgment of sentence became final. This time
limitation is mandatory and jurisdictional, and the courts are without
authority to grant relief on the basis of an untimely PCRA petition,
regardless of whether the petition would have had merit had it been timely
filed. See, e.g., Commonwealth v. Williams, 35 A.3d 44,52 (Pa. Super. 2011),
holding that "no court has jurisdiction to hear an untimely PCRA petition."
See also, Commonwealth v. Albrecht, 994 A.2d 191 (Pa. 2010),
Commonwealth v. Howard, 567 Pa. 481, 788 A.2d 351 (2002), Commonwealth
v. McKeever, 947 A.2d 782, 784-785 (Pa. Super. 2008), Commonwealth v.
Palmer, 814 A.2d 700 (Pa. Super. 2002).
In the case sub judice, the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania denied
defendant's petition for allowance of appeal from his judgment of sentence on
November 30, 2010. Pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S.A. §9545(b)(3), defendant's
sentence thus became final for PCRA purposes ninety (90) days later - on
February 28, 2011 - when the time expired for defendant to seek further
review in the Supreme Court of the United States. Accordingly, defendant
had one year from February 28,2011 in which to file a timely PCRA petition.
Defendant's first PCRA, which was docketed on December 5,2011, was
clearly timely. The instant petition - which is dated May 23, 2014, was
mailed on May 27, 2014, and was docketed on May 30,2014 - is patently
untimely on its face.
In order to be considered on its merits, any PCRA petition that is filed
after the expiration of the Act's one-year filing period must plead and
establish the applicability of one of the three statutory exceptions to
§9545(b)(1), which are enumerated at §9545(b)(1)(i-iii). The courts have no
authority to recognize any additional exceptions - either equitable or
otherwise - beyond these three statutory exceptions. See, e.g.,
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Commonwealth v. Harris, 972 A.2d 1196, 1199-1200 (Pa. Super. 2009), appeal
denied, 982 A.2d 1227 (Pa. 2009). See also, Commonwealth v. Robinson, 837
A.2d 1157, 1161 (Pa. 2003), Commonwealth v. Burton, 936 A.2d 520 (Pa.
Super. 2007).
§9545(b)(1)(i) permits consideration of the merits of a facially untimely
PCRA petition where:
"the failure to raise the claim previously was the result of interference
by government officials with the presentation of the claim in violation
of the Constitution or laws of this Commonwealth or the Constitution
or laws of the United States."
§9545(b)(1)(ii) permits consideration of the merits of a facially untimely
PCRA petition where:
"the facts upon which the claim is predicated were unknown to the
petitioner and could not have been ascertained by the exercise of due
diligence ."
§9545(b)(1)(iii) permits the consideration of the merits of a facially
untimely PCRA petition where:
"the right asserted is a constitutional right that was recognized by the
Supreme Court of the United States or the Supreme Court of
Pennsylvania after the time period provided in this section and has
been held by that court to apply retroactively."
In the instant case, defendant contends that he is entitled to a review
on the merits of his second PCRA petition under authority of the exception
enumerated at §9545(b)(1)(iii), which provides that courts may review the
merits of a facially untimely PCRA petition that asserts a claim for relief
pursuant to a newly-recognized constitutional right. Defendant is mistaken.
In addition to requiring that the petitioner's claim for relief relies upon
a newly-recognized constitutional right, §9545(b)(1)(iii) further requires that
the court which recognized this right must have held that the right is to be
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. '
..
\~l
,
,.1 given retroactive effect. As we explained to defendant in our Rule 907(1)
Notice, there is nothing in the opinion of the Supreme Court of the United
States in Alleyne indicating an intention on the part of that Court to
recognize a new constitutional right that is to be accorded retroactive effect
on post-conviction collateral review. As we further explained, neither the
Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, nor any appellate court of this
I:., Commonwealth, has held that Alleyne is to be given such retroactive effect.
We noted, indeed, that in United States v. Winkleman, 746 F.3d 134(U.S.C.A., 2014), the Third Circuit explicitly held that even if Alleyne is
interpreted as enunciating a newly-recognized constitutional right, that right
is not applicable retroactively to cases on post-conviction collateral review.
On September 26,2014, our Superior Court entered its opinion in
Commonwealth v. Miller, _ A.3d _ (2014 PA Super 214), confirming that
a PCRA petitioner may not rely upon the decision of the Supreme Court of
the United States in Alleyne to avail himself of the exception to the time
requirements of the Post Conviction Relief Act codified at §9545(b)(1)(iii). In
Miller, the Superior Court held, in pertinent part:
"Even assuming that Alleyne did announce a new constitutional
right, neither our Supreme Court, nor the United States Supreme
Court has held that Alleyne is to be applied retroactively to cases in
which the judgment of sentence had become final. This is fatal to
Appellant's argument regarding the PCRA time-bar. This Court has
recognized that a new rule of constitutional law is applied retroactively
to cases on collateral review only if the United States Supreme Court or
our Supreme Court specifically holds it to be retroactively applicable in
those cases. Therefore, Appellant has failed to satisfy the new
constitutional right exception to the time-bar." (citations omitted).
Defendant's second PCRA petition is thus time-barred in that
defendant is unable to demonstrate the applicability of an exception to the
time requirements of the Post Conviction Relief Act.
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In paragraph one (1) of his Rule 1925(b) statement, defendant contends
that his PCRA petition is not untimely "pursuant to the petitioner's mailbox
rule." Defendant is mistaken. The prisoner mailbox rule has no application
to this case. As explained above, in order to be facially timely, defendant's
second PCRA petition would need to have been filed by February 28,2012.
The instant petition is dated May 23, 2014, and thus is untimely on its face
!~t, by more than two years.
In paragraph two (2) of his Rule 1925(b) statement, defendant contends
that this court erred in dismissing his second PCRA petition as time-barred
because Commonwealth v. Newman, supra, provides that Alleyne's holding is
to be given retroactive effect. Defendant misapprehends the holding of
Newman. Newman held that Alleyne is to be given retroactive effect to cases
that were pending on direct appeal at the time the decision in Alleyne was
issued. Newman did not speak to the issue of whether Alleyne would apply
retroactively to cases on post-conviction collateral review where the
defendant's direct appeal was already finally decided. As noted above, the
subsequent decision of the Superior Court in Miller addresses this precise
issue and holds that Alleyne does not apply retroactively to cases on post-
conviction collateral review.
In conclusion, we note that defendant's second PCRA petition would be
properly dismissed as time-barred even if Alleyne's holding did apply
retroactively to cases on post-conviction collateral review. This is so because
42 Pa. C.S.A. §9545(b)(2) requires that any PCRA claim relying upon an
exception to the time requirements of the Post Conviction Relief Act must be
filed within sixty (60) days of the date the claim could have been raised.
Thus, when a petitioner seeks to rely upon §9545(b)(1)(iii), the petitioner's
claim must be filed within sixty (60) days of entry of the decision announcing
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the newly-recognized principle of constitutional law. See, Commonwealth v.
Leggett, 16 A.3d 1144 (Pa. Super. 2011). See also, Commonwealth v.
. Brandon, 51 A.3d 231 (Pa. Super. 2012). The Supreme Court of the United
States entered its decision in Alleyne on June 17, 2013. Defendant's second
PCRA petition in the instant case is dated May 23,2014, obviously well over
sixty (60) days after entry of the decision in Alleyne.
.. For all of the foregoing reasons, we believe that our order dated
September 18, dismissing defendant's second PCRA petition, should be
affirmed.
BY THE COURT:
Copies of the above Notice
mailed to the following
on October 30 ,2014:
Robert Martin Falin, Esquire, Deputy District Attorney, Chief of Appeals (interoffice mail)
Nicholas Crockett, #JG-9068 (first class mail)
Clerk of Courts (interoffice mail)
Secretary
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