Com. v. Aly, I. ( 2015 )

J-S75009-14
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee
v.
IBRAHIM ALY
Appellant No. 2856 EDA 2013
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence September 12, 2013
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-0006077-2013
BEFORE: ALLEN, J., LAZARUS, J., and MUNDY, J.
MEMORANDUM BY MUNDY, J.: FILED JANUARY 23, 2015
Appellant, Ibrahim Aly, appeals from the September 12, 2013
judgment of sentence of time-served to 23 months’ imprisonment
concurrent with two years of probation imposed after the trial court found
him guilty of theft by unlawful taking and receiving stolen property.1
Contemporaneously with this appeal, counsel has requested leave to
withdraw in accordance with Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967),
and its progeny. After careful review, we affirm the judgment of sentence
and grant counsel’s petition to withdraw.
The certified record reveals the following relevant factual and
procedural history of this case. On April 10, 2013, complainant, Bikhit
____________________________________________
1
18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 3921(a) and 3925(a), respectively.
J-S75009-14
Radwan, was working at the newsstand he owns, located at the corner of
Spring Garden Street and Broad Street in Philadelphia. N.T., 8/27/13, at
11-12. At approximately 11:50 a.m., Appellant asked Radwan for $1,000.
Id. When Radwan refused, Appellant began insulting him and his family.
Id. Appellant then reached into Radwan’s pocket and took $200 from him.
Id. Appellant also told Radwan that Radwan could not go to the police and
file a report because he could not speak English.2 Id. at 15. On two
occasions prior to the April 10, 2013 incident, Appellant asked Radwan for
$1,000. Id. at 14.
On May 15, 2013, the Commonwealth filed an information charging
Appellant with the aforementioned offenses as well as robbery and simple
assault.3 Criminal Information, 5/15/13. Appellant waived a jury trial, and
the case proceeded to trial on August 20, 2013. After the Commonwealth
rested, Appellant moved for judgment of acquittal on the simple assault
charge. N.T., 8/27/13, at 22. The trial court granted Appellant’s motion
then bifurcated the trial in order for Appellant to secure character witnesses
to testify on his behalf. Id. at 24, 28. The trial resumed on September 12,
2013. Appellant testified on his own behalf, and the defense rested without
calling any character witnesses. See generally N.T., 9/12/13, at 4-24. The
____________________________________________
2
At trial, Radwan provided testimony via an Arabic interpreter.
3
18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 3701(a)(iv) and 2701(a)(1), respectively.
-2-
J-S75009-14
trial court found Appellant guilty of theft by unlawful taking and receiving
stolen property and acquitted Appellant of the robbery charge. On October
1, 2013, the trial court denied Appellant’s post-sentence motion.4 Appellant
filed a timely notice of appeal on October 11, 2013.5
In his Anders brief, counsel has raised the following issue on
Appellant’s behalf.
Was the evidence sufficient to support Mr. Aly’s
convictions for theft and receiving stolen property?
Anders Brief at 3.
“When presented with an Anders brief, this Court may not review the
merits of the underlying issues without first passing on the request to
withdraw.” Commonwealth v. Daniels, 999 A.2d 590, 593 (Pa. Super.
2010) (citation omitted). Additionally, an Anders brief shall comply with the
____________________________________________
4
In addition to the counseled post-sentence motion and notice of appeal,
filed on behalf of Appellant, on October 4, 2013, Appellant filed an untitled
document, pro se, listing several “violations” of his rights and errors at trial.
Appellant’s Pro Se Correspondence, 10/4/13. The trial court took no action
in response to this filing. See Commonwealth v. Cooper, 27 A.3d 994,
1006-1007 (Pa. 2011) (explaining that a pro se litigant is not permitted to
engage in hybrid representation by filing pro se when represented by
counsel, quoting Commonwealth v. Ellis, 626 A.2d 1137 (Pa. 1993)).
5
On October 21, 2013, the trial court ordered Appellant to file a statement
of matters complained of on appeal pursuant to Pennsylvania Rule of
Appellate Procedure 1925(b) within 21 days. On November 6, 2013, the
trial court granted Appellant an extension to file within 21 days of receipt of
the notes of transcripts from the trial. Thereafter, on March 10, 2014,
counsel for Appellant filed a statement of intent to a file an Anders brief
pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(c)(4).
-3-
J-S75009-14
requirements set forth by our Supreme Court in Commonwealth v.
Santiago, 978 A.2d 349 (Pa. 2009).
[W]e hold that in the Anders brief that
accompanies court-appointed counsel’s petition to
withdraw, counsel must: (1) provide a summary of
the procedural history and facts, with citations to the
record; (2) refer to anything in the record that
counsel believes arguably supports the appeal; (3)
set forth counsel’s conclusion that the appeal is
frivolous; and (4) state counsel’s reasons for
concluding that the appeal is frivolous. Counsel
should articulate the relevant facts of record,
controlling case law, and/or statutes on point that
have led to the conclusion that the appeal is
frivolous.
Id. at 361.
Pursuant to Commonwealth v. Millisock, 973 A.2d 748 (Pa. Super.
2005) and its progeny, counsel seeking to withdraw on direct appeal must
also meet the following obligations to his or her client.
Counsel also must provide a copy of the Anders
brief to his client. Attending the brief must be a
letter that advises the client of his right to: (1)
retain new counsel to pursue the appeal; (2)
proceed pro se on appeal; or (3) raise any points
that the appellant deems worthy of the court[’]s
attention in addition to the points raised by counsel
in the Anders brief.
Commonwealth v. Orellana, 86 A.3d 877, 880 (Pa. Super. 2014)
(internal quotation marks and citation omitted). “Once counsel has satisfied
the above requirements, it is then this Court’s duty to conduct its own
review of the trial court’s proceedings and render an independent judgment
as to whether the appeal is, in fact, wholly frivolous.” Commonwealth v.
-4-
J-S75009-14
Goodwin, 928 A.2d 287, 291 (Pa. Super. 2007) (en banc), quoting
Commonwealth v. Wright, 846 A.2d 730, 736 (Pa. Super. 2004).
Instantly, we conclude that counsel has satisfied the technical
requirements of Anders and Santiago. Specifically, counsel has provided a
procedural and factual summary of the case with references to the record.
He has advanced one issue that could arguably support an appeal, but has
concluded after “a conscientious examination of the record, the controlling
case law and the applicable statutes[,] … that there is nothing in the record”
that would provide Appellant with appellate relief. Anders Brief at 8.
Counsel also discussed the relevant statutes and provided his analysis as to
why he has concluded there are no non-frivolous issues worthy of appeal.
Id. at 9-11. Counsel has attached to his brief a letter to Appellant, which
meets the notice requirements of Millisock. On July 18, 2014, Appellant
filed a pro se request for additional time to file his brief. Thereafter, on
October 9, 2014 Appellant filed his pro se brief. We proceed to our
independent review of the record to determine if the issue identified by
counsel in his Anders brief is wholly frivolous before turning to Appellant’s
pro se brief.
Counsel has advanced that the only issue arguably supporting an
appeal is based on the sufficiency of the Commonwealth’s evidence. Anders
Brief at 3. This Court employs a well-established standard of review over
claims challenging the sufficiency of evidence.
-5-
J-S75009-14
A claim challenging the sufficiency of the evidence is
a question of law. Evidence will be deemed sufficient
to support the verdict when it establishes each
material element of the crime charged and the
commission thereof by the accused, beyond a
reasonable doubt. … When reviewing a sufficiency
claim[,] the [C]ourt is required to view the evidence
in the light most favorable to the verdict winner
giving the prosecution the benefit of all reasonable
inferences to be drawn from the evidence.
Commonwealth v. Kelly, 102 A.2d 1025, 1028 (Pa. Super. 2014) (en
banc) (citation omitted). Moreover, “[t]he Commonwealth may sustain its
burden of proving every element beyond a reasonable doubt by means of
wholly circumstantial evidence.” Commonwealth v. Vogelsong, 90 A.3d
717, 719 (Pa. Super. 2014) (citation omitted), appeal denied, 102 A.3d 985(Pa. 2014). “[T]he trier of fact while passing upon the credibility of
witnesses and the weight of the evidence produced is free to believe all, part
or none of the evidence.” Commonwealth v. Kearney, 92 A.3d 51, 64
(Pa. Super. 2014) (citation omitted), appeal denied, 101 A.3d 102 (Pa.
2014).
As noted, Appellant’s convictions are for theft by unlawful taking and
receiving stolen property. Section 3921 delineates the elements of theft by
unlawful taking. “A person is guilty of theft if he unlawfully takes, or
exercises unlawful control over, movable property of another with intent to
deprive him thereof.” 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3921(a). Further, “deprive” is defined
as follows.
§ 3901. Definitions
-6-
J-S75009-14
“Deprive.”
(1) to withhold property of another
permanently or for so extended a period as to
appropriate a major portion of its economic value,
or with intent to restore only upon payment of
reward or other compensation; or
(2) to dispose of the property so as to make it
unlikely the owner will recover it.
18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3901. Receiving stolen property is codified as follows.
§ 3925. Receiving stolen property
(a) Offense defined.--A person is guilty of theft if
he intentionally receives, retains, or disposes of
movable property of another knowing that it has
been stolen, or believing that it has probably been
stolen, unless the property is received, retained, or
disposed with intent to restore it to the owner.
18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3925(a).
In this case, Radwan testified that Appellant reached into Radwan’s
shirt pocket and removed $200 from him. N.T., 8/27/13, at 13. He also
testified as to Appellant’s reaction after he took the money from Radwan.
[Commonwealth:]
Q. … Did [Appellant] say anything else to you when
you told him you were going to go to the police?
[Radwan:]
A. He said to me, you don’t even speak a couple
words together in English. Go. Whatever you want
to do. Go do whatever you want to do.
Q. Now, sir, did you ever get that money back?
-7-
J-S75009-14
A. No.
Id. at 17-18.
Instantly, viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the
Commonwealth, we conclude sufficient evidence was produced to prove each
material element of theft by unlawful taking and receiving stolen property
beyond a reasonable doubt. See Kelly, supra. The evidence established
Appellant reached into Radwan’s shirt pocket and removed $200.
Furthermore, given the circumstances surrounding the encounter, i.e.
Appellant suggesting Radwan could not report the incident because of his
language barrier and the additional fact that Appellant never returned the
money, it was reasonable for the trial court to infer the removal of the $200
from Radwan was undertaken with the intent to deprive him of it
permanently. See id.; Kearney, supra; see also 18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 3921,
3901. The trial court was free to credit the testimony of Radwan and
disbelieve the testimony Appellant proffered on his own behalf. See
Vogelsong, supra. Because receiving stolen property is a lesser-included
offense of theft by unlawful taking, when the Commonwealth proved theft by
unlawful taking beyond a reasonable doubt, the crime of receiving stolen
property was also established.6 See Commonwealth v. Young, 35 A.3d
____________________________________________
6
We note the trial court merged the two counts for the purpose of
sentencing Appellant.
-8-
J-S75009-14
54, 63. (Pa. Super. 2011), appeal denied, 48 A.3d 1249 (Pa. 2012).
Accordingly, this claim is meritless.
Having determined that the issue identified in counsel’s Anders brief
is without merit, we now turn to the issues raised in Appellant’s pro se
brief.7 Appellant’s pro se brief contains the following issues, verbatim.
[I]. There was no evidence at all to warrant the
arrest police and the bill bond[]commission violation
to rule of law.
[II]. Philadelphia County District Attorney and
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Prosecutor violation
to the rule of law.
[III]. Mr. Radwan had given contradictory and fulse
[sic] than his test[a]ments in inc[i]dent report dated
04\10\2013.
[IV]. The municipal court, the common pleas court
abuse its decretion [sic] in ruling and perseding
[sic].
[V]. Violation of Defender Association of
Philadelph[ia] attorn[e]y to the rule of law.
[VI.] Judge opinion violation to common law[,]
state, federal, the state constitution and the Bill of
Right.
Appellant’s Pro Se Brief at 6.8
____________________________________________
7
See Commonwealth v. Nischan, 928 A.2d 349, 353 (Pa. Super. 2007),
appeal denied, 936 A.2d 40 (Pa. 2007) (stating that, “when conducting an
Anders review, this Court will consider not only the brief filed by counsel
but also any pro se appellate brief,” quoting Commonwealth v. Baney,
860 A.2d 127, 129-130 (Pa. Super. 2004), appeal denied, 877 A.2d 459 (Pa.
2005)).
-9-
J-S75009-14
Instantly, we conclude the substantial defects in Appellant’s brief
preclude this Court from engaging in meaningful review of his additional
claims. Pa.R.A.P. 2101 (permitting, when brief or reproduced record contain
substantial defects, appeal to be quashed or dismissed).9 “[A]lthough this
Court is willing to construe liberally material filed by a pro se litigant, pro se
status generally confers no special benefit upon an appellant.”
Commonwealth v. Freeman, --- A.3d ---, 2014 WL 6982658, at *6 (Pa.
Super. 2014) (citation omitted). Therefore, “a pro se litigant must comply
with the procedural rules set forth in the Pennsylvania Rules of the Court.”
Id. (citation omitted). We are mindful that “[t]he appellate brief is the vital
_______________________
(Footnote Continued)
8
Pursuant to Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure 2111, an appellant’s
brief must include a separate and distinct section entitled “Statement of the
questions involved.” Pa.R.A.P. 2111(a)(4). “The statement of the question
involved must state concisely the issues to be resolved, expressed in the
terms and circumstances of the case but without unnecessary detail. … No
question will be considered unless it is stated in the statement of questions
involved or is fairly suggested thereby.” Pa.R.A.P. 2116(a). In Appellant’s
statement of the question involved he advances the issue, “[w]as the
evidence sufficient to support [Appellant]’s convictions for theft and
receiving stolen property as the interpretation to law and statue [sic]
implyed [sic][?]” Appellant’s Pro Se Brief at 3. We have addressed this
issue above, as it was identified by counsel. Appellant however has failed to
conform to our rules of appellate procedure by enumerating the above issues
in his summary of the argument section. Id. at 6; see Pa.R.A.P.
2111(a)(4), 2116(a); see also Pa.R.A.P. 2111(a)(6), 2118.
9
In addition to defects in Appellant’s brief that preclude substantive review,
we note Appellant has also failed to comply with various formatting
requirements. Appellant’s brief is single-spaced, and he failed to comply in
several respects regarding organization. Pa.R.A.P. 124; see generally
Pa.R.A.P. 2111(a)(1)-(11), 2114-2119.
- 10 -
J-S75009-14
tool in any effort to obtain relief on appeal.” Commonwealth v. Kane, 10
A.3d 327, 331 (Pa. Super. 2010), appeal denied, 29 A.3d 796 (Pa. 2011).
Further, “an appellant … must provide this Court with substantive argument,
fortified by reference to relevant law, to trigger this Court’s reviewing
function.” Commonwealth v. Dozier, 99 A.3d 106, 111 (Pa. Super. 2014).
It follows, “[w]here an appellate brief fails to provide any discussion of a
claim with citation to relevant authority or fails to develop the issue in any
other meaningful fashion capable of review, that claim is waived.”
Umbelina v. Adams, 34 A.3d 151, 161 (Pa. Super. 2011), appeal denied,
47 A.3d 848 (Pa. 2012), quoting In re W.H., 25 A.3d 330, 339 (Pa. Super.
2011), appeal denied, 24 A.3d 364 (Pa. 2011); Pa.R.A.P. 2119(a). “[M]ere
recitation of boilerplate law followed by conclusory assertions of error
typically does not suffice to ripen an issue for our review.” Umbelina,
supra (citation omitted).
Appellant’s pro se brief includes indiscernible legal arguments
supported by inapplicable law. For example, in his first issue, Appellant
argues the Philadelphia Bail Bond Commission “violated to rules 5 ‘federal
rules of criminal procedure’ as grantee requirements by federal statue [sic]
for [Appellant] initial to lower court appearance which must occurs first as
federal law mandated ….” Appellant’s Pro Se Brief at 7. Appellant also
occasions his arguments with quotations of legal principles yet fails to
ascribe a source to them, as illustrated by an excerpt from his second issue.
- 11 -
J-S75009-14
“‘Where testimonial evidence is an issue, the sixth amendment demands
what common law requires a proper opertunity [sic] for cross examination’
furthermore the Constitution statue [sic] doesn’t put any limition [sic] on
cross-examination ….” Id. at 8. While vaguely citing to the U.S.
Constitution, Appellant does not credit any source, relevant or otherwise,
with the proposition he advances regarding cross-examination.10 Appellant’s
remaining arguments, as well as his conclusion, are similarly defective.11
His only cognizable argument advances that the complainant “has no
credibility.” Id. at 16. However, it was for the trial court to determine the
weight and credibility of the testimony proffered at trial. See Kearney,
supra. Therefore, we conclude Appellant has waived review of his additional
issues for failure to develop his arguments in a meaningful fashion enabling
appellate review. See Umbelina, supra.Accordingly, based on the foregoing discussion, we affirm Appellant’s
September 12, 2013 judgment of sentence and grant counsel’s petition to
withdraw.
____________________________________________
10
We note Radwan was the only witness for the Commonwealth and was
cross-examined by defense counsel at trial. See N.T., 8/27/13, at 19-22.
11
We observe that Appellant miscomprehends the relief he seeks. In
addition to requesting his “motion to quash” be granted and suggesting the
complainant is indebted to him for pain and suffering, Appellant contends,
“[t]he [s]imple [a]ssault charge must be lifted, it has been actual in the
Court of Common Pleas[.]” Appellant’s Pro Se Brief at 15-16. As noted, at
the conclusion of the trial, the trial court granted the motion for acquittal as
to the simple assault charge. N.T., 8/27/13, at 22, 24.
- 12 -
J-S75009-14
Judgment of sentence affirmed. Petition to withdraw granted.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 1/23/2015
- 13 -