Com. v. Santana, P. ( 2015 )

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee
v.
PEDRO SANTANA
Appellant No. 1835 EDA 2014
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence entered March 25, 2014
In the Court of Common Pleas of Lehigh County
Criminal Division at No: CP-39-CR-0002788-2012
BEFORE: FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E., STABILE, and FITZGERALD,* JJ.
MEMORANDUM BY STABILE, J.: FILED JULY 20, 2015
Pedro Santana appeals from the judgment of sentence entered in the
Court of Common Pleas of Lehigh County (trial court), after he pled guilty to
robbery and conspiracy to commit robbery.1 On appeal, Appellant
challenges only the trial court’s denial of his motion to transfer his case to
juvenile court. Upon review, we affirm the judgment of sentence.
On May 29, 2012, Detective Michael Williams, Allentown Police
Department, charged Appellant with, inter alia, robbery, conspiracy to
commit robbery, burglary, and theft by unlawful taking. In his affidavit
accompanying the complaint, Detective Williams stated in part:
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*
Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
1
18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 3701(a)(1)(ii), and 903(a), respectively.
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2) [I] was asked to assist with a home invasion robbery being
[investigated] by Detective Michael Popovich that occurred on
May 26, 2012 at approximately 1245 hrs[.]
3) The victim reported a home invasion robbery, stating 3 males
entered her home without permission and 2 of the 3 males were
armed with handguns. Victim reported that the males
demanded money and place[d] a handgun to her head and her 9
year old daughter[’]s head.
4) Victim reported the males took computers, jewelry, cash and
a cell phone. Value of all items estimated at $3000.00.
5) Detective Popovich responded to 973 Cedar St where one of
the Defendants-Marco Tavarez[-] had been stopped and was
found in possession of some of the stolen items and a mask.
6) Detective Popovich and Detective Almonte conducted
interviews with two of the actors and it was determined that
Juvenile-[Appellant-] (6/18/94) was the third actor in the home
invasion robbery.
7) Detective Popovich was able to confirm this during a
mirandized interview with [] Juan Cruceta. Cruceta identifie[d]
the father and older brother of [Appellant] from photos provided
by Detective Popovich.
8) Detective Popovich obtain[ed] a photo of [Appellant] from
Facebook and actor Juan Cruceta positively identifie[d] him from
the photo as being part of the home invasion robbery.
Affidavit of Probable Cause, 5/29/12.
On October 29, 2012, Appellant filed a motion for decertification titled
“Motion to Transfer to Juvenile Court,” alleging that he was 17 years old at
the time of the home invasion robbery.2 Motion for Decertification,
10/29/12, at ¶ 2. Based on his age, Appellant argued he was “in need of a
program of supervision, care and rehabilitation.” Id. at ¶ 3. He argued his
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2
To put his age in proper perspective, he was 17 years old at the time of the
May 26, 2012 home invasion robbery. It is undisputed that, less than one
month after the robbery, Appellant turned 18 on June 24, 2012, based on
his date of birth of June 24, 1994.
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criminal prosecution would not serve the public interest. See id. at ¶ 4.
Appellant also argued that, although he was involved in the home invasion
robbery, his involvement was limited to staying outside of the victim’s
house. See id. at ¶ 5.
On July 2, 2013, the trial court conducted a hearing on Appellant’s
decertification motion. In support of his motion, Appellant presented the
testimony of Dr. Frank Dattilio. Dr. Dattilio testified he obtained his Ph.D. in
clinical psychology from Temple University and practiced as a clinical and
forensic psychologist in Allentown. N.T. Decertification Hearing, 7/2/13, at
6-8. Dr. Dattilio testified he evaluated Appellant in connection with
Appellant’s motion for decertification. Id. at 12. Dr. Dattilio testified he met
Appellant on two occasions at the Lehigh County Prison, researched and
reviewed the complete history of Appellant’s life, and examined, among
other documents, the criminal complaint and affidavit of probable cause,
Lehigh County Prison records, and Appellant’s ninth-grade high school
progress reports. Id. at 12-13. Dr. Dattilio also testified that he
administered a mental status examination and “a battery of psychological
tests and appraisals” that included an IQ test. Id. at 13.
In discussing the results of the tests, Dr. Dattilio testified:
I found that [Appellant] was oriented in time, place and person
when I assessed his mental status. I also found that he was
devoid of any psychotic ideation interfering with his primary and
secondary thought processes. [Appellant] also denied any
serious anxiety and depression, but did admit that he could be
impulsive at times and has difficulty thinking through his actions.
Otherwise, he certainly was oriented in time, place – oriented in
time, place and person and knew what he was doing. I also
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found on an IQ test that he complete[d] full scale IQ score of 56,
which placed [Appellant] in the mild mentally retarded range.
He did seem to have the highest scores in his abilities to learn
from past experiences which fell in the low, average rage, but
otherwise he is clearly in the mild mentally retarded range at 56.
In addition I found that [Appellant] had some problems
with hostility as well as depression. There’s some difficulty with
impulse control. He does not have any other serious
psychopathology nor was there any indication of serious
substance abuse or dependence with him.
[Appellant] also – he had some difficulties with family
problems, particularly, his stepmother. And he also has difficulty
at times expressing himself. He’s also very prone towards being
influenced by others and he is a little bit vulnerable to peer
pressure.
I did not find that he had any serious psychopathology that
would warrant the diagnosis of anti-social personality or
anything more serious than that. And I found that he also was
able to take responsibility and experience remorse.
Id. at 24-25. With respect to Appellant’s level of maturity, Dr. Dattilio
opined:
Well, he’s a little bit on the immature side despite the fact that
he’s eighteen. He’s really more on the level of a fifteen or
sixteen-year-old. [Appellant] was a little bit sheltered during
[his] life, and I think that part of what happened with him is that
he became involved with some Dominican youths who he – he
kind of followed the fleet. You know. He is mentally retarded.
His ability to develop insight is not as good as what we would
find with most individuals who are average IQ. I think
[Appellant] was very vulnerable. And so, that immaturity played
against him. So, we’re not talking about somebody who is very
sophisticated or, you know, eighteen going on thirty, this is
really somebody that’s very immature for his age.
Id. at 27. Dr. Dattilio noted the absence of a criminal record on Appellant’s
part. Specifically, Dr. Dattilio testified “this is the first incident and that
counts for a lot. It certainly says that [Appellant is] amenable to treatment
because he does not have this hardened history of becoming involved in
anti-social acts.” Id. at 34. In recommending Appellant would benefit from
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the juvenile system, Dr. Dattilio opined with a reasonable degree of
psychological certainty:
[Appellant] is amenable to treatment and decertification in the
juvenile system prior to the age of twenty-one, and that it would
be in the best interest of the public for him to do so. I’m
recommending that [Appellant] be considered for a juvenile
placement such as ARC or Loysville . . . because they have a
Spanish component to the program that also involves English
emergence so that he will learn English through that program.
. . . I also believe that at this program, [Appellant] will be
afforded the type of individual and group psychotherapy that will
help him work on his issues of anxiety and depression as well as
his poor impulse control. I also see that there are some anger
issues with him that he needs how to learn to facilitate and
redirect and these programs are excellent for acquiring
management skills, as well as emotional regulation.
....
In addition, I think that, you know, consultation with a
psychiatrist in this program may be helpful too if his depression
or anxiety doesn’t abate.
He also needs some direction with regard to goals and
objectives for him in his life to complete the GED. I think he
would be a prime candidate once he acquires more fluency in
English to become involved in Job Corp[s] Program or something
that would provide him with skills, training.
Id. at 37-38.
On cross-examination, Dr. Dattilio acknowledged Appellant was aware
that his cohorts were going to commit an armed home invasion robbery prior
to its occurrence. Id. at 44-45. Dr. Dattilio also acknowledged Appellant
was aware prior to the armed home invasion robbery that people would be
inside the house. Id. at 45. Dr. Dattilio, however, clarified that Appellant
was not aware that there was going to be a child inside the house and that
Appellant “was a little upset when he found out there was a child involved.”
Id.
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Dr. Dattilio admitted Appellant did not “actually accept full
responsibility” for his participation in the home invasion robbery and did not
tell Dr. Dattilio exactly what Appellant had done. Id. at 47. Moreover,
Dr. Dattilio admitted Appellant minimized his role in the home invasion
robbery, as “most juveniles do that.” Id. Dr. Dattilio recognized Appellant
was eighteen at the time he examined Appellant. Id. Dr. Dattilio
acknowledged Appellant was living with his twenty-one-year-old girlfriend at
the time of the crime, and attending school sporadically. Id. at 49.
Finally, Dr. Dattilio agreed Appellant would receive “all of the things
that are recommended” by him if the court were to send Appellant to SCI
Pinegrove instead of a juvenile facility. Id. at 56. By subjecting Appellant
to the adult system, Dr. Dattilio also agreed Appellant would have “the
added benefit of extended supervision.” Id. at 58.
In response, the Commonwealth presented the testimony of Detective
Kevin Mriss, a sixteen-year veteran of the Allentown Police Department. Id.
at 66. Detective Mriss testified, as part of his job duties, he was familiar
with the treatment options available to juvenile and adult offenders. Id. at
67. Describing the nature of home invasion robberies, Detective Mriss
testified they “are very serious due to very violent takeovers of homes. The
violence that is employed by the actors. The threat of violence that could
erupt once the act[or] is inside the home[.]” Id. at 68. He explained that
home invasion robberies are sophisticated in nature because of “[t]he use of
weapons, the use of gloves and masks,” as well as the need for surveillance
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and a getaway driver. Id. at 69. Ultimately, Detective Mriss opined
Appellant should remain in the adult system, given the nature of the crime,
specially the use of handguns in the violent takeover of the victim’s house
on a Saturday afternoon. Id. at 71.
Following the hearing, on September 16, 2013, the trial court issued
an opinion and order, denying Appellant’s motion for decertification. On
January 27, 2014, Appellant pled guilty to robbery and conspiracy to commit
robbery and on March 25, 2014, the trial court sentenced Appellant to 54 to
120 months’ imprisonment. On March 31, 2014, Appellant filed a post-
sentence motion, which the trial court denied on June 16, 2014. Thereafter,
Appellant timely appealed to this Court.3
On appeal, Appellant raises a single issue for our review:
[1.] Whether the trial court erred when it failed to thoroughly
analyze the relative statutory factors and concluded that a
transfer to juvenile court would not serve the public interest?
Appellant’s Brief at 4.
We review a trial court’s denial of a motion for decertification for abuse
of discretion. See Commonwealth v. Smith, 950 A.2d 327, 328 (Pa.
Super. 2008) (citation omitted) (“[D]ecisions of whether to grant
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3
Following Appellant’s filing a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement of errors
complained of on appeal, the trial court issued a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) opinion,
wherein the court incorporated its September 16, 2013 opinion addressing
the denial of Appellant’s motion for decertification.
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decertification will not be overturned absent [] abuse of discretion.”). “An
abuse of discretion is not merely an error of judgment but involves the
misapplication or overriding of the law or the exercise of a manifestly
unreasonable judgment passed upon partiality, prejudice or ill will.” Id.
Pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6322(a) [of the Juvenile Act (Act)],
when a juvenile has committed a crime, which includes murder,
or any of the other offenses listed under paragraph (2)(ii) or (iii)
of the definition of “delinquent act” in 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6302, the
criminal division of the Court of Common Pleas is vested with
jurisdiction. Likewise, 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6355(e) explains that
charges of murder, or any of the other offenses listed under
paragraph (2)(ii) or (iii) of the definition of “delinquent act” in 42
Pa.C.S.A. § 6302, requires that the offense be prosecuted in the
criminal division. “Robbery,” when committed with a deadly
weapon, is one of the offenses listed which requires jurisdiction
to vest in the criminal division. 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6302.
When a case goes directly to criminal division, the juvenile has
the option of requesting treatment within the juvenile system
through a transfer process of “decertification.”
[Commonwealth v.] Aziz, 724 A.2d [371,] 373 [(Pa. Super.
1999)]. In determining whether to transfer such a case from
criminal division to juvenile division, “the child shall be required
to establish by a preponderance of the evidence that the transfer
will serve the public interest.” 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6322(a). See
also, Aziz, 724 A.2d at 373.
Commonwealth. v. Sanders, 814 A.2d 1248, 1250 (Pa. Super. 2003),
appeal denied, 827 A.2d 430 (Pa. 2003).
In determining whether the child has established that the transfer will
serve the public interest, the trial court must consider the factors set forth in
Section 6355(a)(4)(iii) of the Act. These factors are as follows:
(4) The court finds:
....
(iii) that there are reasonable grounds to believe that the public
interest is served by the transfer of the case for criminal
prosecution. In determining whether the public interest can be
served, the court shall consider the following factors:
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(A) the impact of the offense on the victim or victims;
(B) the impact of the offense on the community;
(C) the threat to the safety of the public or any individual
posed by the child;
(D) the nature and circumstances of the offense allegedly
committed by the child;
(E) the degree of the child’s culpability;
(F) the adequacy and duration of dispositional alternatives
available under this chapter and in the adult criminal
justice system; and
(G) whether the child is amenable to treatment,
supervision or rehabilitation as a juvenile by considering
the following factors:
(I) age;
(II) mental capacity;
(III) maturity;
(IV) the degree of criminal sophistication exhibited
by the child;
(V) previous records, if any;
(VI) the nature and extent of any prior delinquent
history, including the success or failure of any
previous attempts by the juvenile court to
rehabilitate the child;
(VII) whether the child can be rehabilitated prior to
the expiration of the juvenile court jurisdiction;
(VIII) probation or institutional reports, if any;
(IX) any other relevant factors[.]
42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6355(a)(4)(iii). Although it requires a trial court to consider
all of these factors, the Juvenile Act is silent on the weight assessed to each
by the court, as “[t]he ultimate decision of whether to certify a minor to
stand trial as an adult is within the sole discretion of the [trial] court.”
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Commonwealth v. Brown, 26 A.3d 485, 492-93 (Pa. Super. 2011); see
also Sanders, 814 A.2d at 1251 (“A decertification court must consider all
of the factors set forth in Section 6355 of the Juvenile Act, but it need not
address, seriatim, the applicability and importance of each factor and fact in
reaching its final determination.”).
Instantly, Appellant challenges only the weight the trial court
attributed to each Section 6355(a)(4)(iii) factor.4 Specifically, Appellant
argues “the trial court gave significantly more weight to factors A, B and D
. . . than the remaining factors.” Appellant’s Brief at 13. We construe
Appellant’s argument as inviting this Court to reweigh the Section
6355(a)(4)(iii) factors. As a reviewing court, however, we may not reweigh
statutory factors set forth in Section 6355(a)(4). See Commonwealth v.
In re E.F., 995 A.2d at 326, 333 (Pa. 2010) (“It is further not the role of an
appellate court to reweigh statutory factors to conclude that the seriousness
of the offense and the deleterious effects suffered by the victim warrant
certification.”). Moreover, as noted earlier, the Juvenile Act is silent as to
the weight to be afforded to each factor, as that is left to the sole discretion
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4
Here, it is undisputed that Appellant was charged with an offense that
properly vested jurisdiction in the criminal court. Specifically, Appellant was
charged in connection with an armed home invasion robbery, and under
Section 6302 of the Juvenile Act, robbery with a deadly weapon is excluded
from the definition of “delinquent act.” See 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6302.
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of the trial court.5 Commonwealth v. Jackson, 722 A.2d 1030, 1033-34
(Pa. 1999). Accordingly, we reject as meritless Appellant’s challenge to the
weight ascribed by the trial court to the Section 6355(a) factors.
Nonetheless, based upon our review of the record, as set forth above,
we conclude the trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying Appellant’s
decertification motion. As the trial court reasoned:
[Appellant] has failed to meet his burden. [Appellant]
participated in a home invasion robbery, wherein two of his co-
defendants threatened a mother and her 9 year old daughter by
holding guns to their heads. The crime occurred on a Saturday
afternoon. The impact of this on the victims and the community
can only be described as severe. [Appellant] was aware of what
was going to happen prior to any of the actors entering the
home. He had the opportunity to reflect on what he was going
to do, but still chose to participate. There was evidence that the
actors planned this home invasion, including targeting that
specific home, arriving with gloves, masks, and handguns, and
having a getaway driver. [Appellant] participated in a violent,
adult crime, and was himself just shy of being legally an adult at
the time. While [Appellant] suffers from mild mental
retardation, his needs in this area can be addressed in the adult
system. [The trial court does] not find [Appellant] has met his
burden of establishing that a transfer to the juvenile system will
serve the public interest. As such, the motion must be denied.
Trial Court Opinion, 9/16/13, at 4.
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5
Even if the trial court did not explicitly address certain factors enumerated
in Section 6355(a)(4)(iii) of the Juvenile Act, such a scenario does not
automatically render the juvenile court’s decision an abuse of discretion,
particularly when the record contains adequate facts supporting the juvenile
court’s ruling. Commonwealth v. Spotti, 94 A.3d 367, 373 (Pa. Super.
2014) (citing Jackson, 722 A.2d at 1034 (“The presumption in this
Commonwealth remains that if a court has facts in its possession, it will
apply them[,]” and “[w]hen evaluating the propriety of a certification
decision, absent evidence to the contrary, a reviewing court must presume
that the juvenile court carefully considered the entire record.”)), appeal
granted on other grounds, 107 A.3d 748 (Pa. 2015).
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Judgment of sentence affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 7/20/2015
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