In the Interest of: S.U., a Minor Appeal of: R.U. ( 2017 )

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
IN THE INTEREST OF: S.U., A : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
MINOR : PENNSYLVANIA
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APPEAL OF: R.U., FATHER : No. 888 MDA 2017
Appeal from the Order Entered May 4, 2017
In the Court of Common Pleas of Lancaster County
Juvenile Division at No: CP-36-DP-0000083-2017
BEFORE: STABILE, MOULTON, and STRASSBURGER,* JJ.
MEMORANDUM BY STABILE, J.: FILED DECEMBER 29, 2017
R.U. (“Father”) appeals from the order entered May 4, 2017, in the Court
of Common Pleas of Lancaster County, which adjudicated dependent his minor
son, S.U. (“Child”), born in November 2008. The order also maintained Child’s
placement in foster care, set his permanency goal as adoption, and terminated
visitation. In addition, Father appeals from the separate order entered that
same day, which found aggravated circumstances and directed that no efforts
should be made to reunify Child with Father. After careful review, we vacate
and remand for further proceedings.
We summarize the relevant factual and procedural history of this matter
as follows. On April 12, 2017, the Lancaster County Children and Youth Social
Service Agency (“the Agency”) filed a petition for temporary custody of Child,
as well as a dependency petition. In its dependency petition, the Agency
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* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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averred that Father and K.U. (“Mother”) (collectively, “Parents”) have a
lengthy prior history with the Agency. Dependency Petition, 4/12/17
(Allegations of Dependency), at ¶ F. Specifically, the Agency averred that two
of Parents’ younger sons, J.U.1 and J.U.2, were already dependent. Id.
Parents relinquished their parental rights to J.U.1 voluntarily on May 18, 2016,
while their parental rights to J.U.2 were terminated involuntarily on March 28,
2017. Id.
The Agency further averred that it received a referral regarding Child on
March 27, 2017, alleging that Child suffered from poor hygiene, and that
Mother engaged in substance abuse. Id. at. ¶ A. After conducting an
investigation, the Agency discovered that Child was living with Parents in a
one-bedroom apartment “with a mattress that the family shares.” Id. at ¶ D.
Both Parents agreed to submit to drug screens. Id. at ¶ D-E. While Father
testified negative, Mother tested positive for THC and cocaine. Id.
As a result of the Agency’s allegations, The Honorable Jay J. Hoberg
entered an order granting the petition for temporary custody, and placed Child
in foster care. The order also appointed separate counsel to represent each
Parent. On April 18, 2017, Judge Hoberg conducted a shelter care hearing.1
Because Parents failed to attend the hearing, Judge Hoberg permitted counsel
to withdraw. Judge Hoberg entered a shelter care order on May 1, 2017.
The Honorable Thomas B. Sponaugle conducted a dependency hearing
the following day, on May 2, 2017. Parents did not attend the dependency
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1 The shelter care hearing was continued from April 13, 2017.
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hearing, and remained unrepresented. On May 4, 2017, Judge Sponaugle
entered an order adjudicating Child dependent, maintaining his placement in
foster care, setting his permanency goal as adoption, and terminating
visitation.2 Judge Sponaugle entered an additional order that same day,
finding aggravated circumstances due to the involuntarily termination of
Parents’ parental rights to J.U.2., and directing that no efforts should be made
to reunify the family. Father obtained court-appointed counsel following the
hearing, and timely filed a notice of appeal on June 1, 2017, along with a
concise statement of errors complained of on appeal.3
Father now raises the following issues for our review.
I. Whether the Court erred in concluding that the evidence clearly
and convincingly established that the child is a dependent child
pursuant to the Pennsylvania Juvenile Act at 42 Pa.C.S.[A.
]§[]6302?
II. Whether the Court erred in concluding that it is in the best
interest of the child to be removed from the home of Mother and
Father?
III. Whether the Court erred in entering an Aggravated
Circumstances Order against Father and concluding that no efforts
should be made to preserve the family and reunify the child with
Father because his parental rights had been involuntarily
terminated with respect to another child?
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2 The order set a concurrent goal of placement with a permanent legal
custodian.
3Mother also obtained court-appointed counsel following the hearing. Mother
did not file an appeal, although she did file a brief in this Court supporting
Father’s appeal.
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IV. Whether the Court erred in terminating visitation for Father?
V. Whether Father should be granted another hearing to
determine whether he should be granted visitation of the child and
whether he should be given a Child Permanency Plan with the goal
of reunification with the child[?]
Father’s Brief at 4 (suggested answers omitted).4
We review the trial court’s orders pursuant to an abuse of discretion
standard of review. In re R.J.T., 9 A.3d 1179, 1190 (Pa. 2010). As such, we
must accept the court’s findings of fact and credibility determinations if they
are supported by the record, but we need not accept the court’s inferences or
conclusions of law. Id.At the outset, we must address Father’s lack of counsel during the May
2, 2017 dependency hearing.5 Dependency proceedings are governed by the
Juvenile Act, 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 6301–6375. Section 6337 of the Juvenile Act
provides that a parent is entitled to counsel at all stages of any such
proceedings. If a parent appears at a hearing unrepresented, the trial court
must ascertain whether that parent is aware of his or her right to counsel.
The court must also ascertain whether that parent is aware that the court will
provide counsel for him or her if the parent is unable to afford private counsel.
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4 We have renumbered the pages of Father’s brief, starting at the table of
contents, for ease of reference. This change is necessary because the page
numbers in Father’s brief jump from one to ten with no two through nine in
between, and because the numbers are placed in inappropriate locations,
often even in the middle of the page.
5 Although Father did not raise this issue in his brief, we address it in light the
important rights at stake. See In re X.J., 105 A.3d 1, 4 (Pa. Super. 2014)
(addressing the appellant Mother’s lack of counsel sua sponte in a termination
of parental rights case).
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Except as provided under this section and in section 6311 (relating
to guardian ad litem for child in court proceedings), a party is
entitled to representation by legal counsel at all stages of any
proceedings under this chapter and if he is without financial
resources or otherwise unable to employ counsel, to have the
court provide counsel for him. If a party other than a child
appears at a hearing without counsel the court shall ascertain
whether he knows of his right thereto and to be provided with
counsel by the court if applicable. The court may continue the
proceeding to enable a party to obtain counsel. Except as
provided under section 6337.1 (relating to right to counsel for
children in dependency and delinquency proceedings), counsel
must be provided for a child. If the interests of two or more
parties may conflict, separate counsel shall be provided for each
of them.
42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6337.
Our Rules of Juvenile Court Procedure impose similar requirements.
Rule 1151(E) provides that a trial court must inform an unrepresented parent
of his or her right to counsel prior to any dependency proceeding.
E. Counsel for other parties. If counsel does not enter an
appearance for a party, the court shall inform the party of the
right to counsel prior to any proceeding. If counsel is requested
by a party in any case, the court shall assign counsel for the party
if the party is without financial resources or otherwise unable to
employ counsel. Counsel shall be appointed prior to the first court
proceeding.
Pa.R.J.C.P. 1151(E).
The comment to Rule 1151 provides further guidance.
Pursuant to paragraph (E), the court is to inform all parties of the
right to counsel if they appear at a hearing without counsel. If a
party is without financial resources or otherwise unable to employ
counsel, the court is to appoint counsel prior to the proceeding.
Because of the nature of the proceedings, it is extremely
important that every “guardian” has an attorney. Therefore, the
court is to encourage the child’s guardian to obtain counsel.
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Pursuant to Rule 1120, a guardian is any parent, custodian, or
other person who has legal custody of a child, or person
designated by the court to be a temporary guardian for purposes
of a proceeding. See Pa.R.J.C.P. 1120.
Pa.R.J.C.P. 1151, Comment.
Finally, Rule 1152 provides that a parent may only waive his or her right
to counsel if the trial court conducts an on-the-record colloquy.
A. Children.
(1) Guardian ad litem. A child may not waive the right to a
guardian ad litem.
(2) Legal Counsel. A child may waive legal counsel if:
(a) the waiver is knowingly, intelligently, and
voluntarily made; and
(b) the court conducts a colloquy with the child on the
record.
B. Other parties. Except as provided in paragraph (A), a party
may waive the right to counsel if:
(1) the waiver is knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily made;
and
(2) the court conducts a colloquy with the party on the record.
C. Stand-by counsel. The court may assign stand-by counsel if
a party waives counsel at any proceeding or stage of a proceeding.
D. Notice and revocation of waiver. If a party waives counsel
for any proceeding, the waiver only applies to that proceeding,
and the party may revoke the waiver of counsel at any time. At
any subsequent proceeding, the party shall be informed of the
right to counsel.
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Pa.R.J.C.P. 1152.6
Applying these provisions to the instant matter, it is clear that Father
was entitled to counsel during the May 2, 2017 dependency hearing. Because
Father was unrepresented at the time of the hearing, the trial court had an
affirmative obligation to ascertain whether he was aware of his right to
counsel, and whether he was aware that the court would provide counsel for
him if he could not afford counsel on his own.
After careful review, we conclude that trial court failed to satisfy this
affirmative obligation. Despite the mandatory language of Section 6337, the
record reveals that the court made no effort to ascertain whether Father was
aware of his right to counsel during the dependency hearing. In fact, the court
did not acknowledge Father’s lack of counsel at all. Only counsel for the
Agency mentioned this issue, and she did so in passing. See N.T., 3/2/17, at
3 (“The parents are not present. They are not represented by counsel as
counsel had withdrawn at the time of the shelter care hearing.”).7 While it is
true that Father failed to appear at the hearing, this did not relieve the court
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6The comment to Rule 1152 provides a list of questions that trial courts should
ask to ascertain whether a parent’s waiver of counsel is knowing, intelligent,
and voluntary. See Pa.R.J.C.P. 1152, Comment.
7 The transcript of the hearing indicates that this statement was made by
Child’s guardian ad litem, Jeffrey Gonick, Esquire. However, in context, it
appears likely that the statements were actually made by counsel for the
Agency, Laura McGarry, Esquire. See, N.T., 5/2/17, at 3 (the same speaker
stating, “[t]he guardian ad litem, Jeffrey Gonick, is present. . . . The Agency
is prepared to present testimony regarding the adjudication/disposition”).
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of its affirmative obligation. If anything, Father’s absence gave the court all
the more reason to ensure that his rights were protected.
Moreover, while the record indicates that Father received prior written
notice of his right to counsel, including instructions on how to obtain counsel,
prior written notice cannot satisfy the requirements of the Juvenile Act.
Pursuant to Section 6337, the trial court still had an obligation to ascertain
whether Father read and understood the notice. Even if Father did read and
understand the notice, Rule 1152 confirms that he could not waive his right
to counsel absent a colloquy on the record, establishing that his waiver was
knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily made. No such colloquy took place
here.
Thus, we conclude that the trial court abused its discretion by
adjudicating Child dependent, terminating visitation between Child and
Father, and by finding aggravated circumstances. We therefore vacate the
court’s orders and remand this matter for the court to conduct a new
dependency hearing. In the event Father is unrepresented at the time of the
hearing, the court must ascertain whether he has been advised of his rights.8
Orders vacated. Case remanded or further proceedings consistent with
this memorandum. Jurisdiction relinquished.
Judge Moulton joins this memorandum.
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8 Based on our disposition, we need not address the issues presented in
Father’s brief.
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Judge Strassburger files a dissenting memorandum.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 12/29/17
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