Buskey, J. v. Kukurin Contracting ( 2018 )

J-S78024-17
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
JO ANN BUSKEY, INDIVIDUALLY : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
AND AS ADMINISTRATRIX OF THE : PENNSYLVANIA
ESTATE OF ROBERT E. BUSKEY, JR., :
DECEASED :
:
:
v. :
:
: No. 734 WDA 2017
KUKURIN CONTRACTING, INC., A :
PENNSYLVANIA CORPORATION; :
SAKAI AMERICA MANUFACTURING, :
INC., A/K/A SAKAI AMERICA, INC., :
A GEORGIA CORPORATION AND :
SAKAI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, INC., :
A/K/A SAKAI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, :
LTD., A FOREIGN CORPORATION :
:
:
APPEAL OF: FEDERATED MUTUAL :
INSURANCE COMPANY AND EXPORT :
FUEL COMPANY, INC. :
Appeal from the Order April 21, 2017
In the Court of Common Pleas of Westmoreland County Civil Division at
No(s): 3530 of 2013
BEFORE: OLSON, J., DUBOW, J., and STRASSBURGER, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY DUBOW, J.: FILED JULY 10, 2018
Appellants, Federated Mutual Insurance Company and Export Fuel
Company, Inc., appeal from the April 21, 2017 Order entered in the
Westmoreland County Court of Common Pleas affirming the November 18,
2016 Order approving the Petition to Compromise and Settle Wrongful Death
and Survival Action, and apportioning the settlement amount. After careful
review, we affirm.
____________________________________
* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
J-S78024-17
On August 28, 2012, an asphalt roller fatally injured Robert E. Buskey,
Jr. (“Decedent”) in the course of his employment at Export Fuel Company. Jo
Ann Buskey, Decedent’s widow (“Appellee”), filed a wrongful death and
survival action against Defendants Kukurin Contracting, Inc. and Sakai
America Manufacturing, Inc. The parties reached a settlement prior to trial,
whereby Sakai agreed to pay Appellee $475,000, and Kukurin agreed to pay
her $425,000.
Appellant, Federated Mutal Insurance Co. (“Federated”), is Appellant
Export Fuel Company’s workers’ compensation insurance carrier. At the time
the parties settled the case, Appellant Federated had paid $101,705.72 in
workers’ compensation death benefits to Appellee. Thus, pursuant to Section
319 of the Workers’ Compensation Act (the “Act”),1 Appellant Federated holds
a subrogation lien against the economic damages portion of any settlement
Appellee receives.
On November 11, 2016, Appellee filed a Petition to Compromise and
Settle Wrongful Death and Survival Action seeking the trial court’s permission
to allocate the settlement proceeds and to make distributions to Appellee and
the adult children she shared with Decedent. On November 18, 2016, the trial
court granted Appellee’s Petition and allocated the settlement as follows: (1)
$420,000 in equal shares to each of the adult children as wrongful death
damages and not subject to the worker’s compensation lien; (2) $360,000 to
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1 77 P.S. § 671.
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Appellee for her loss of Decedent’s services, comfort, support, society, and
affection, and not subject to the workers’ compensation lien; and (3)
$120,000 to Appellee for the loss of Decedent’s financial support and subject
to the worker’s compensation lien.2 Trial Ct. Order, 11/18/16, at 1-2.
On November 28, 2016, Appellants filed a Motion for Reconsideration of
the Order approving the proposed distribution, arguing that the allocation “is
essentially intended and designed to eliminate or reduce the Employer’s pool
of subrogable monies and future credit against the balance and recovery”
pursuant to the Act. Motion, dated 11/28/16, at ¶ 6. Appellants urged the
court to reconsider its allocation of $120,000 of Appellee’s settlement to
economic damages when Appellee’s economic-loss expert, Dr. Matthew R.
Marlin, had opined that, at a minimum, Appellee had suffered $485,000 in
economic damages resulting from Decedent’s lost income. Id. at 8.
The trial court granted Appellants’ Motion for Reconsideration and held
a hearing on February 2, 2017. Appellee and her five adult children testified
at the hearing. Appellants did not present any witnesses at the hearing. The
parties stipulated to the admission of Dr. Marlin’s economic-loss report.
Following the hearing, on April 21, 2017, the court again granted
Appellee’s Petition and affirmed its November 18, 2016 Order. This timely
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2The court characterized 25% of Appellee’s settlement as economic damages
and 75% as non-economic damages. 100% of the settlement with Decedent’s
adult children represented non-economic damages. Thus, of the total
settlement amount—$900,000—only 13%, i.e. $120,000, constitutes
subrogable economic damages.
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appeal followed. Appellants and the trial court have complied with Pa.R.A.P.
1925.
Appellants raise the following two issues for our review:
1. Whether the proposed allocation of the settlement proceeds to
[Appellee] had a reasonable basis and was consistent with the
evidentiary record offered in this matter at the February 2, 2017
hearing, wherein the [t]rial [c]ourt abused its discretion and/or
committed an error of law in not applying the report of Matthew
R. Marlin, Ph.D, which reflected that the Decedent’s death resulted
in loss of net income attributable the Decedent’s death greater
than the 25% settlement apportionment approved by the Order
of Court dated November 18, 2016.
2. Whether the [t]rial [c]ourt, by granting Appellee’s Petition for
Approval to Compromise and Settle Plaintiff’s Wrongful Death and
survival Action erred as a matter of law and/or abused its
discretion by failing to adequately apply and uphold the Superior
Court ruling in Urmann v. Rockwood Casualty Insurance
Company, 905 A.2d 513 (Pa. Super. 2006) that requires a [c]ourt
to ensure the allocation of a settlement is a fair apportionment
based on the facts, as distinguished from whether the
apportionment was allocated not based on facts but designed to
maximize [ ] recovery to the plaintiffs at the expense of a workers’
compensation lien, thereby reducing the employer’s future credit
against future installments of a wage loss compensation due to be
paid [Appellee].
Appellants’ Brief at 5-6.
Although Appellants provide two issues in their Statement of Questions
Involved, they fail to address them in the manner required by our rules of
appellate procedure. Rather than addressing the issues specifically raised
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above, as required by Pa.R.A.P. 2119(a),3 Appellants provide us with a primer
on an employer’s right to subrogation, the Workers Compensation Act, and
the difference between loss of consortium and wrongful death, before arguing
that the court misapplied Urmann v. Rockwood Casualty Insurance
Company, 905 A.2d 513 (Pa. Super. 2006). Appellants aver that “this Court
should give greater weight to the opinions of Dr. Marlin—the economic expert
Appellee intended to rely on in the civil liability action—to support an allocation
of at least 44% of Mrs. Buskey’s total settlement toward economic damages
with 56% to emotional and/or loss of household services.” Appellants’ Brief
at 24. Appellants also assert that in allocating only 25% of Appellee’s
settlement to economic damages, the court “subverts the tenants [sic]
outlined by the holding in Baus [v. Workmen’s Compensation Appeal
Board (Nelson Co. et al.), 585 A.2d 573 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1991)]” so that the
allocation “prematurely returns the burden of the payment of lost earnings to
the Appellants to compensate Appellee for economic damages caused by the
civil action defendants.” Id at 25.4 Distilled to its essence, Appellants’
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3Rule 2119(a) requires an appellant’s brief to “be divided into as many parts
as there are questions to be argued[.]”
4Appellants fail to describe what the Baus tenets are and provide no analysis
of Baus as it relates to the facts of this case. “[I]t is an appellant’s duty to
present arguments that are sufficiently developed for our review … with
pertinent discussion [and] references to the record[.]” Commonwealth v.
Hardy, 918 A.2d 766, 771 (Pa. Super. 2007). This Court “will not act as
counsel and will not develop arguments on behalf of an appellant.” Id. Issues
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argument seems to be that the court did not weigh the evidence in a manner
that would render an allocation of the settlement proceeds “equitable” with
respect to their subrogation lien.
This Court reviews a trial court’s order approving or denying a
settlement agreement for an abuse of discretion. Dauphin Deposit Bank
and Trust Co. v. Hess, 727 A.2d 1076, 1080 (Pa. 1999). However, our
standard of review “is plenary as to questions of law.” Urmann, 905 A.2d at
518 (citations omitted). “We will overturn the trial court’s decision only when
the court’s factual findings are contrary to the weight of the evidence or when
its legal conclusions are erroneous. Id.
In considering the allocation and apportionment of settlement proceeds,
the trial court is responsible for ensuring that the allocation represents “a fair
apportionment based on the facts of the case,” and not a purposeful
subversion of the right of the workers’ compensation insurer to collect on its
subrogation lien. Id. at 523 (emphasis added).
In Urmann, the plaintiffs’ workers’ compensation insurance carrier
opposed the settlement of the plaintiffs’ tort claim allocating over 80% of the
plaintiffs’ recovery to the loss of consortium claim, which would not be subject
to its workers’ compensation subrogation lien. Following a hearing, at which
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not developed in the argument section of a brief are waived. Harkins v.
Calumet Realty Co., 614 A.2d 699, 703 (Pa. Super. 1992). Accordingly,
Appellant has waived any issues reliant on directives or holdings provided in
Baus.
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the plaintiffs presented three witnesses and the carrier presented none, the
trial court confirmed the settlement agreement. On appeal, this Court
affirmed the trial court, holding that the apportionment of settlement funds is
appropriate when it is “based on a good faith attempt to apportion the claim
based on the facts, rather than on a motivation intended to, and designed to,
or motivated to eliminate or reduce unconscionably, a subrogation lien.”
Urmann, 905 A.2d at 518.
Appellants contend that because the expert report, admitted on
stipulation, opined on Appellee’s minimum economic damages, the trial court
misapplied Urmann in affirming the apportionment of damages suggested by
Appellee. See Appellants’ Brief at 24. We disagree.
Our review of the record and the trial court’s Opinion indicates that the
court considered all of the evidence presented before concluding that “the
75/25 settlement apportionment between the wrongful death action and the
survival action was based on a good faith attempt to apportion the claim based
on the facts.” Trial Ct. Op., 4/21/17, at 5. Like Urmann, the court heard
significant testimony about the non-economic damages suffered by
Decedent’s wife and children. As Urmann instructs, the court weighed all of
the evidence, including the expert’s report, which “[did] not take into account
the value of [Decedent’s] support, comfort, society, affection, guidance, and
companionship which, in these circumstances, were significant aspects of
[Decedent’s] contribution to his wife and children.” Trial Ct. Op., at 5. The
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court concluded that the non-economic losses “far outweighed the loss of
earned income occasioned by [Decedent’s] death.” Id. Our review of the
record supports the conclusion that the apportionment is based on a “good
faith attempt to apportion the claim based on the facts.” Urmann, supra at
518. There is no evidence that the court or Appellee attempted “to eliminate
or reduce unconscionably, a subrogation lien.” Id.5
Following our review of the certified record and relevant case law, we
conclude that the court’s factual findings are supported by the weight of the
evidence and its legal conclusions are correct. The Honorable Richard E.
McCormick, Jr., who presided at the hearing, has authored a comprehensive,
thorough, and well-reasoned Opinion, citing to the record and relevant case
law in addressing Appellants’ challenge to the apportionment of Appellee’s
settlement. After careful review of the parties’ arguments and the record, we
affirm on the basis of the trial court’s Opinion. See Trial Ct. Op., 4/21/17, at
3-6 (concluding that: (1) Appellee presented compelling and undisputed
evidence outlining the extent to which Decedent’s death had a direct and
indirect economic and non-economic impact on his family; (2) the record is
replete with evidence of the non-pecuniary benefits offered by Decedent to
his family; (3) Dr. Marlin’s figures did not take into account the value of
Decedent’s significant non-economic contribution to Appellee, which far
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5 Likewise, contrary to Appellants’ contention, there is no evidence that the
trial court held “disdain for the Appellants.” Appellants’ Brief at 28.
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outweighed the loss of his earned income; and (4) the apportionment of the
settlement is based on a good faith attempt to apportion the claim based on
the facts, rather than on a motivation intended to eliminate or reduce
unconscionably a subrogation lien.)
The parties are instructed to attach a copy of the trial court’s April 21,
2017 Opinion to all future filings.
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 7/10/2018
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Received 6/5/2017 3:49:37 PIVCilup ed06611312kettbitti1911FIM
Filed 6/5/2017 3:49:37 PM Superior Court Western District
734 WDA 2017
IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF WESTMORELAND COUNTY,
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA
CIVIL DIVISION
JO ANN BUSKEY, Individually and as
Administratrix of the ESTATE OF
ROBERT E. BUSKEY, JR., DECEASED,
Plaintiffs,
vs. No. 3530 of 2013
KUKURIN CONTRACTING, INC.,
a Pennsylvania Corporation; SAKAI
AMERICA MANUFACTURING, INC., a/kJa
SAKAI AMERICA, INC., a Georgia Corporation;
and SAKAI HEAVY INDUS PRIES, INC.,
a/k/a SAKAI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.,
a Foreign Corporation,
Defendants.
OPINION and ORDER OF COURT
By President Judge Richard E. McCormick, Jr.:
This matter is before the Court on the objection of the worker's compensation lieu
holder, Federated Mutual Insurance Company ("Federated"), to this Court's Order dated
November 18, 2016, which grants Plaintiff's Petition to Compromise and Settle a
Wrongful Death and Survival Action. Federated's objection focuses on the proposed
apportionment of settlement proceeds as between the wrongful death and survival action,
arguing that allocating 25% of Mrs. Buskey's total proceeds toward economic damages
and 75% to emotional damages and loss of household services is intended to eliminate or
substantially reduce the employer's pool of subrogable monies and future credit against
the recovery available under 77 Pa.C,S, section 617 and section 319 of the Pennsylvania
Workers' Compensation Act.
Federated, pursuant to its obligation under the Pennsylvania Workers'
Compensation Act ("the Act"), has paid and continues to pay death benefits to the widow
of the Decedent as a result of the work -related death of Robert E. Buskey, Jr., on August
28, 2012. As of the date when the parties reached a settlement in this case, Federated had
paid $101,705.72 in workers' compensation benefits to Mrs. Buskey, constituting a
recoverable lien pursuant to section 319 of the Act.
On November 11, 2016, the Estate of Robert Buskey filed a petition seeking this
Court's permission to allocate the settlement proceeds received from the Defendants in
the third party action, as well as to make distributions to the Decedent's widow and adult
children under the wrongful death and survival actions. The total settlement is $900,000,
with $420,000 compensating Decedent's children and $480,000 compensating
Decedent's widow. Specifically, the Estate proposed, and this Court agreed, that
$120,000 of Mrs. Buskey's $480,000 settlement be compensation for "loss of financial
support," thereby making $120,000 subject to the employer's statutory lien. The
Employer, through its insurance carrier, Federated, objects to the apportionment of the
remaining 75% of the widow's allocated settlement - $360,000 - as compensation under
the wrongful death action. Employer maintains that this apportionment offers a
disproportionate allocation of compensation toward Mrs. Buskey's loss of comfort,
support, affection and household services suffered as a result of the death of her husband,
and that it unjustifiably diminishes the pool of funds available to the employer's
subrogation interests.
2
The Superior Court's holding in Urmann v. Rockwood Casualty Insurance Co.,
905 A.2d 513 (Pa.Super. 2006), states:
It is the responsibility of the Court to make sure that the allocation [of the
settlement] ,.. is a fair apportionment based on the facts of the case as
distinguished from whether the apportionment is allocated not based on facts but
designed only to maximize the net recovery to the (Plaintiffs) at the expense of
the workers' compensation subrogation lien. (Id. at 523.)
Accordingly, we held an evidentiary hearing on February 2, 2017, for the purpose
of taking testimony and receiving evidence on the issue of the fair apportionment of
damages.
The Plaintiffs presented compelling and undisputed evidence outlining the extent
to which the Decedent's death had a direct and indirect economic and non -economic
impact on his family. In fact, even Federated and the Employer characterized the
Plaintiffs' evidence as "detailed, heart wrenching, and compelling testimony from the
decedent's survivors regarding the substantial household services performed by Mr.
Buskey." (See Federated Mutual Insurance Company and Export Fuel Company, Inc, 's
Proposed Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law in Response to Plaintiff's Petition to
Compromise and Settle Wrongful Death and Survival Action, paragraph 18.) In footnote
1 to paragraph 24, Federated continues: "The testimony offered by Mr. Buskey's adult
children clearly outline his generous assistance with home repairs, transportation
services, child care, automotive repairs, and appliance repairs. The record also reflects
ample evidence of Mr. Buskey's non -pecuniary benefits such as comfort, society,
affection and guidance." Finally, Federated concedes that "...the adult children Plaintiff
produced evidence sufficient to qualify an entitlement to recover under the Wrongful
3
Death Act and thereby preclude their settlement proceeds from being subjected to the
Employer's subrogation interests."
Likewise, the Plaintiff Wife/Mother testified at length about her relationship with
her husband and the impact of his death. At the time of his death, they had been married
for 35 years, (February 2, 2017, Hearing Transcript, pp. 93-96, hereinafter "HT 93-96.")
They raised five children together. (HT 97.) Mr. Buskey was only alive long enough to
know five of his eight grandchildren. (HT 97.) The loss of her husband had an impact on
Mrs. Buskey in every way, both physically and emotionally. (HT 101-102.) On that
topic, she said: "... [H]e was the kind of person that no matter what you were doing, he
dropped everything ... to help you with anything, I don't care what it was. He would
drop what he was doing to help me." (HT 101.) He built up her confidence and helped
her make decisions, as she candidly confessed that she is unsure of herself. He taught
her. (HT 102.) He was capable of maintaining their property and home in ways that she
is unable to do herself. (HT 102.) As a further consequence, she is depressed a lot, and
feels inadequate. She gives her children emotional support, but feels like she "can't be
that grand person that he was." (HT 107.) He was the kind of companion who made her
tea and ran her bath for her when she came home after a long day at work. (HT 116.)
She described them as "a team." (HT 117.) As Mrs. Buskey enters her senior years, she
is without the daily support, comfort, society, affection, guidance, and companionship of
a man she depended upon for a significant portion of her life. In other words, the loss of
Robert Buskey in Jo Ann Buskey's life is significant.
The parties agreed to the admission of a Report entitled "The Economic Loss
Resulting From the Death of Robert Buskey," dated July 3, 2014, and prepared by
4
Matthew R. Marlin, Ph.D., Professor of Economics at Duquesne University, Pittsburgh,
PA. Dr. Marlin calculated that Mr. Buskey's death resulted in a net income loss of
$377,628, and that Mrs. Buskey's loss of future household services was worth $481,072.
In other words, 44% of the combined loss of $858,700 is attributable to the net income
loss and 56% is attributable to the loss of household services.
Federated relies upon Dr. Marlin's percentage allocation (44/56) as a basis to
argue that the ratio of economic to non -economic loss should be 50/50. We believe this
reasoning is flawed. Dr. Marlin's figures do not take into account the value of Mr.
Buskey's support, comfort, society, affection, guidance, and companionship, which, in
these circumstances, were significant aspects of Mr. Buskey's contribution to his wife
and children. Although we will not attempt to quantify that loss as an exact percentage,
we do find, based upon the uncontroverted and overwhelming testimony that was
presented, that a significant part of Mrs. Buskey's loss was for non-economic losses and
loss of household services, and that comparatively speaking, these losses far outweighed
the loss of earned income occasioned by Mr. Buskey's death. As the court in Spangler v.
Helm 's New York -Pittsburgh Motor Exp., 153 A.2d 490, 492 (Pa. 1959), so colorfully
said, " The fact that there is no mathematical formula whereby compassionately bestowed
benefits can be converted into a precise number of bank notes does not mean that the
tortfeasor will be excused from making suitable reimbursement for their loss."
Based upon the foregoing, we find the 75/25 settlement apportionment between
the wrongful death action and the survival action is based on a good faith attempt to
apportion the claim based on the facts, rather than on a motivation intended to eliminate
5
or reduce unconscionably a subrogation lien. Accordingly, we affirm the Settlement
Petition and Order of Court dated November 18, 2016, as proposed.
6
IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF WESTMORELAND COUNTY,
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA
CIVIL DIVISION
JO ANN BUSKEY, Individually and as
Administratrix of the ESTATE OF
ROBERT E. BUSKEY, JR., DECEASED,
Plaintiffs,
vs. No. 3530 of 2013
KUKURIN CONTRACTING, INC.,
a Pennsylvania Corporation; SAKAI
AMERICA MANUFACTURING, INC., a/k/a
SAKAI AMERICA, INC., a Georgia Corporation;
and SAKAI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, INC.,
a/k/a SAKAI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.,
a Foreign Corporation,
Defendants.
ORDER OF COURT
AND NOW, to wit, this 2.1 day of April, 2017, after a hearing on Federated
Mutual Insurance Company's and Export Fuel Company Inc.'s Motion for
Reconsideration of our ruling on their objection to Plaintiff's Petition to Compromise and
Settle Wrongfid Death and Survival Action, and based upon the rationale contained in the
foregoing Opinion, it is hereby ORDERED and DECREED that the Petition to
Compromise and Settle Wrongful Death and Survival Action and Order of Court dated
November 18, 2016, are AFFIRMED and the relief requested in Federated Mutual
Insurance Company's and Export Fuel Company Inc.'s Motion is DENIED.
FURTHER, in accord with Pa.R.C.P. No. 236(a)(2) and (b), the Prothonotary is
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DIRECTED to note in the docket that the individual(s) listed below have been given
notice of this Order.
ATTEST:
Prothonotary
cc: Jeffrey T. Strittmatter, Esq. - for Federated Mutual & Export Fuel
Bernard P. Matthews, Esq., Thomas Pellis, Esq., & Shane Sarver, Esq. -
for the Plaintiffs
Terry L.M. Bashline, Esq. - for the Defendant Kukurin
William J. Ricci, Esq., Frank Burns, Esq. - for the Defendants Sakai America and
Sakai Japan
Leslie Mlakar, Esq. - for the Plaintiff
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