Com. v. Lee, A. ( 2017 )

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
ANTON LEE :
:
Appellant : No. 3660 EDA 2015
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence November 4, 2015
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-0009913-2014
BEFORE: MOULTON, RANSOM, and FITZGERALD,* JJ.
MEMORANDUM BY RANSOM, J.: FILED APRIL 18, 2017
Appellant, Anton Lee, appeals from the judgment of sentence of eleven
and one-half to twenty-three months of incarceration, imposed November 4,
2015, following a bench trial resulting in his conviction for two violations of
the Pennsylvania Uniform Firearms Act of 1995.1 Counsel for Appellant has
also filed with this Court an application for leave to withdraw as counsel and
brief pursuant to Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967). We grant
counsel’s application for leave to withdraw and affirm the decision of the trial
court.
____________________________________________
*
Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
1
Firearms not to be carried without a license, 18 Pa.C.S. § 6106, and
Carrying firearms on public streets or public property in Philadelphia, 18
Pa.C.S. § 6108.
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The relevant facts and procedural history are as follows. The
underlying appeal arises from the order denying Appellant’s motion to
suppress evidence recovered incident to a traffic stop of Appellant by two
Philadelphia Police Officers in a high crime area known for narcotics and gun
violence. See Notes of Testimony (N.T.), 2/26/2015, at 9, 25. Around 6:46
p.m. on August 15, 2014, Officer D’Alesio was patrolling the area of 64 th and
Race Street in Philadelphia with his partner Officer Tumolo. N.T.,
2/26/2015, at 6. The Officers observed Appellant disregard a stop sign on
64th street while traveling at a high rate of speed. Id. at 7, 24. The Officers
considered the failure to stop at a stop sign a violation of the Motor Vehicle
Code. See id at 7, 20. Thus, Officer D’Alesio operated his emergency lights
and sirens to signal Appellant to stop, and he pulled over. See id. As the
Officers approached Appellant’s vehicle, they both observed the black handle
of a firearm visibly protruding from underneath the passenger side seat.
See id. at 8, 22, 26. Officer D’Alesio ordered Appellant out of the vehicle,
placed him into handcuffs, and secured him in the back of the patrol vehicle.
See id. at 22-23. Officer D’Alesio secured the firearm, which was loaded
with sixteen live rounds. See id. at 10-11.
At the suppression hearing, Appellant testified that he was not pulled
over for speeding but actually voluntarily pulled over because he thought
that the police car was trying to pass him. See id. at 30. The Officers next
asked for his insurance, and Appellant informed them that his license was
suspended. See id. at 31. According to Appellant, the Officers ordered him
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out of the car so that they could search the vehicle. See id. at 33. He
testified that his gun was in a bookbag, and that the clip was in a separate
pocket from the gun such that it was not loaded. See id. at 34-36.
According to Appellant, the bookbag was between the third row of seats and
the trunk area. See id. at 36. The court found the “Officers were consistent
and the Officers exhibited no indications to [the court] that they were
fudging their story or lying.” Id. at 54. Thus, the court denied Appellant’s
suppression motion. See Order, 2/26/2015.
Following a bench trial in June 2015, Appellant was found guilty of the
offenses charged. Appellant was sentenced as described above on
November 4, 2015. Appellant timely filed a notice of appeal. The court did
not issue an order pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) and did not issue an
opinion in this matter.
Trial counsel filed an Anders brief and application to withdraw as
counsel. The brief sets forth the following issues Appellant seeks to raise on
appeal: (1) the court’s denial of Appellant’s suppression motion and (2) the
proper grading for a conviction of 18 Pa.C.S. § 6106 when accompanied by a
conviction for 18 Pa.C.S. § 6108. See Appellant's Br. at 3. Counsel’s
Anders brief contends that both issues are frivolous.
When faced with a purported Anders brief, this Court may not review
the merits of any possible underlying issues without first examining
counsel’s request to withdraw. Commonwealth v. Goodwin, 928 A.2d
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287, 290 (Pa. Super. 2007) (en banc). Prior to withdrawing as counsel on
direct appeal under Anders, counsel must file a brief that meets the
requirements established by the Pennsylvania Supreme Court in
Commonwealth v. Santiago, namely:
(1) provide a summary of the procedural history and facts, with
citations to the record;
(2) refer to anything in the record that counsel believes arguably
supports the appeal;
(3) set forth counsel's conclusion that the appeal is frivolous;
and
(4) state counsel's reasons for concluding that the appeal is
frivolous. Counsel should articulate the relevant facts of record,
controlling case law, and/or statutes on point that have led to
the conclusion that the appeal is frivolous.
Commonwealth v. Santiago, 978 A.2d 349, 361 (Pa. 2009).
Counsel also must provide a copy of the Anders brief to his
client. Attending the brief must be a letter that advises the
client of his right to: “(1) retain new counsel to pursue the
appeal; (2) proceed pro se on appeal; or (3) raise any points
that the appellant deems worthy of the court[’]s attention in
addition to the points raised by counsel in the Anders brief.”
Commonwealth v. Nischan, 928 A.2d 349, 353 (Pa. Super.
2007), appeal denied, 594 Pa. 704, 936 A.2d 40 (2007).
Commonwealth v. Orellana, 86 A.3d 877, 879-880 (Pa. Super. 2014).
After determining that counsel has satisfied these technical requirements of
Anders and Santiago, only then may this Court “conduct an independent
review of the record to discern if there are any additional, non-frivolous
issues overlooked by counsel.” Commonwealth v. Flowers, 113 A.3d
1246, 1250 (Pa. Super. 2015) (citations and footnote omitted).
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In the instant matter, trial counsel’s Anders brief complies with the
above-stated requirements. Namely, he includes a summary of the relevant
factual and procedural history, he refers to the portions of the record that
could arguably support Appellant’s claims, and he sets forth his conclusion
that Appellant’s appeal is frivolous. He explains his reasoning and supports
his rationale with citations to the record as well as pertinent legal authority.
Trial counsel avers he has supplied Appellant with a copy of his Anders brief
and a letter explaining the rights pursuant to Nischan, supra.2
Accordingly, counsel has complied with the technical requirements for
withdrawal. Thus, we may independently review the record to determine if
the issues Appellant raises are frivolous and to ascertain if there are other,
non-frivolous issues he may pursue on appeal.
Appellant’s first issue challenges the denial of his motion to suppress.
The issue of what quantum of cause a police officer must
possess in order to conduct a vehicle stop based on a possible
violation of the Motor Vehicle Code is a question of law, over
which our scope of review is plenary and our standard of review
is de novo. Commonwealth v. Chase, 960 A.2d 108, 112 (Pa.
2008). However, in determining whether the suppression court
properly denied a suppression motion, we consider whether the
record supports the court's factual findings. If so, we are bound
by those facts and may reverse only if the legal conclusions
drawn therefrom are in error. Commonwealth v. Hernandez,
935 A.2d 1275, 1280 (Pa. 2007).
Commonwealth v. Holmes, 14 A.3d 89, 94 (Pa. 2011).
____________________________________________
2
Appellant has not filed a response to counsel’s Anders brief.
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Our analysis of the appropriate quantum of cause required for a traffic
stop begins with 75 Pa.C.S.A. § 6308(b), which provides:
(b) Authority of police officer.—Whenever a police officer is
engaged in a systematic program of checking vehicles or drivers
or has reasonable suspicion that a violation of this title is
occurring or has occurred, he may stop a vehicle, upon request
or signal, for the purpose of checking the vehicle's registration,
proof of financial responsibility, vehicle identification number or
engine number or the driver's license, or to secure such other
information as the officer may reasonably believe to be
necessary to enforce the provisions of this title.
75 Pa.C.S. § 6308(b). “Traffic stops based on a reasonable suspicion: either
of criminal activity or a violation of the Motor Vehicle Code under the
authority of Section 6308(b) must serve a stated investigatory purpose.”
Commonwealth v. Feczko, 10 A.3d 1285, 1290-91 (Pa. Super. 2010)
(citing Chase, 960 A.2d at 116). For a stop based on the observed violation
of the vehicle code or otherwise non-investigable offense, an officer must
have probable cause to make a constitutional vehicle stop. Feczko, 10 A.3d
at 1291 (“Mere reasonable suspicion will not justify a vehicle stop when the
driver's detention cannot serve an investigatory purpose relevant to the
suspected violation.”). At the suppression hearing, the Officers testified
credibly that Appellant disregarded a stop sign while traveling at a high rate
of speed. N.T., 2/26/2015, at 6-7, 20, 24. Having observed a violation of
the Code, the Officers had probable cause to initiate the traffic stop at that
time.
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Pennsylvania law recognizes that the need for a warrant to search a
car may be excused by exigent circumstances. Commonwealth v. Gary,
91 A.3d 102, 191 (Pa. 2014) (noting “an exception to the warrant
requirement when exigent circumstances exist, such as where there is a
need for prompt police action to preserve evidence or to protect an officer
from danger to his or her person”) (citing Commonwealth v. Holzer, 389
A.2d 101, 106 (Pa. 1978)).
[T]he search of the passenger compartment of an automobile,
limited to those areas in which a weapon may be placed or
hidden, is permissible if the police officer possesses a reasonable
belief based on ‘specific and articulable facts which, taken
together with the rational inferences from those facts,
reasonably warrant’ the officer in believing that the suspect is
dangerous and the suspect may gain immediate control of
weapons. See Terry [v. Ohio], 392 U.S. 1, 21 (1968).
Commonwealth v. Morris, 644 A.2d 721, 723 (Pa. 1994) (quoting
Michigan v. Long, 463 U.S. 1032, 1049-50 (1983)). In Terry, the
Supreme Court emphasized that “[t]he officer need not be absolutely certain
that the individual is armed; the issue is whether a reasonably prudent man
in the circumstances would be warranted in the belief that his safety or that
of others was in danger.” Terry, 392 U.S. at 27. Here, the “proper inquiry
is whether, under the totality of the circumstances, police possessed
reasonable suspicion to conduct a Terry protective weapons search.”
Commonwealth v. Buchert, 68 A.3d 911, 916 (Pa. Super. 2013).
Based on the facts articulated by the Officers at the suppression
hearing, the Officers had probable cause to stop Appellant for a violation of
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the Motor Vehicle Code. Feczko, 10 A.3d at 1291. After observing a
weapon in plain view in the vehicle, the Officers acted upon a reasonable
belief that Appellant could gain control of a visible, loaded firearm. A
protective weapons search of the interior of the car was permissible.
Buchert, 68 A.3d at 916; Long, 463 U.S. at 1051. Therefore, under the
totality of the circumstances, the warrantless seizure was justified for safety
reasons. Morris, 644 A.2d at 723; Terry, 392 U.S. at 27. Accordingly, we
discern no error of law or abuse of the suppression court’s discretion.
Second, Appellant challenges the court’s grading of his convictions.
A claim that the court improperly graded an offense for
sentencing purposes implicates the legality of a sentence.… If
no statutory authorization exists for a particular sentence, that
sentence is illegal and subject to correction. An illegal sentence
must be vacated. When the legality of a sentence is at issue on
appeal, our standard of review is de novo and our scope of
review is plenary.
Commonwealth v. Mendozajr, 71 A.3d 1023, 1027 (Pa. Super. 2013)
(internal quotation marks and citations omitted).
Appellant was convicted contemporaneously of 18 Pa.C.S. § 6106
carrying a firearm without a license and § 6108. A contemporaneous
conviction to carrying firearms on the public streets of Philadelphia
independently foreclosed the court from grading the violation of Section
6106 as a misdemeanor. Mendozajr, 71 A.3d at 1028-29 (citing
Commonwealth v. Bavusa, 832 A.2d 1042, 1056-57 (Pa. 2003) (“In light
of appellant’s contemporaneous conviction under Section 6108, the Section
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6106(a) offense here was properly graded as a felony.”)). Thus, the court
graded Appellant’s conviction under Section 6106 properly as a felony of the
third degree.
We agree with Attorney Gessner that Appellant’s claim is frivolous. We
have independently reviewed the record, and find no other issues of
arguable merit that Appellant could pursue on appeal. Accordingly, we
affirm Appellant’s judgment of sentence and grant counsel’s petition to
withdraw.
Application to withdraw granted. Judgment of sentence affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 4/18/2017
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