In the Int. of: A.M.S., Appeal of: E.H. ( 2018 )

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
IN THE INTEREST OF: A.M.S., A : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
MINOR : PENNSYLVANIA
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APPEAL OF: E.H., MOTHER :
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: No. 3467 EDA 2017
Appeal from the Decree September 28, 2017
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
Family Court at No(s): CP-51-AP-0000506-2017
BEFORE: GANTMAN, P.J., LAZARUS, J., and OTT, J.
MEMORANDUM BY OTT, J.: FILED NOVEMBER 1, 2018
Appellant, E.H. (“Mother”), appeals from the September 28, 2017
decree, in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County, involuntarily
terminating her parental rights to her son, A.M.S., born in December of 2013.1
Upon review, we affirm.
We summarize the relevant facts and procedural history, as follows.
The Department of Human Services (“DHS”) received a report involving this
family in November of 2015, alleging that Mother used drugs; that she ran
outside of her apartment building unclothed; and that A.M.S. was found inside
the apartment building running in the hallway, naked and unsupervised. Trial
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1 By separate decrees dated September 28, 2017, and entered on October 2,
2017, the trial court involuntarily terminated the parental rights of M.S.
(“Father”) and of any unknown father. Neither Father nor any unknown father
has filed a notice of appeal.
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Court Opinion, 5/2/18, at 1. Community Umbrella Agency (“CUA”)
Wordsworth implemented in-home services shortly thereafter. Id. at 2.
On August 21, 2016, DHS received another report alleging that Mother
was admitted to the hospital after suffering a deep laceration on her leg that
was approximately five or six inches long. Id. at 2. Further, the report alleged
that Mother had drug paraphernalia in her possession; she appeared to have
needle marks on her body; and she had soiled herself. Id. The report alleged
that Mother was diagnosed with substance abuse and psychosis. Id. In
addition, the report alleged that Father took physical custody of A.M.S. Id.
Father was then residing with the paternal great-grandmother of A.M.S. Id.
On September 7, 2016, DHS received a report alleging that, on
September 5, 2016, Father had sexually abused A.M.S. in their home and was
under investigation by the Special Victims Unit. Id. at 2. In November of
2016, Father pleaded guilty to the criminal charges of corrupting a minor and
indecent exposure. N.T., 9/28/17, at 9; DHS Exhibit 2.
Further, on September 7, 2016, DHS learned that A.M.S. was suffering
from ringworm on his torso and bedbug bites. Trial Court Opinion, 5/2/18, at
3. DHS obtained an order of protective custody on that date and placed him
in a foster home. Id. The trial court adjudicated A.M.S. dependent on
September 15, 2016. Id.
Permanency review hearings occurred on December 8, 2016, February
23, 2017, and May 18, 2017. Id. at 3; DHS Exhibit 5. A.M.S.’s placement
goal was reunification with Mother. Mother was required to comply with single
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case plan objectives including participating in mental health treatment, drug
and alcohol treatment, and court-ordered drug screens; attending the Sage
program, a program for parents of children who have been molested; and
completing a parenting capacity evaluation. N.T., 9/28/17, at 24-25.
On May 3, 2017, DHS filed a petition to involuntarily terminate Mother’s
parental rights pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S. § 2511(a)(1), (2), (4), (5), and (b). A
hearing occurred on September 28, 2017,2 during which DHS presented the
testimony of Monaque Riddick, a case manager at CUA Wordsworth, and Erica
Williams, Ph.D., a psychologist, who performed a parenting capacity
evaluation on Mother. Mother, who was represented by court-appointed
counsel, testified on her own behalf.3
By decree dated September 28, 2017, and entered on October 2, 2017,
the trial court involuntarily terminated Mother’s parental rights pursuant to 23
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2 The subject proceeding was a combined goal change and involuntary
termination hearing. The trial court subsequently issued an order changing
A.M.S.’s placement goal to adoption, but Mother did not appeal from that
order.
3 A.M.S., who was then three years old, had the benefit of legal counsel as
well as a guardian ad litem (“GAL”) during the proceeding. See In re T.S.,
__ A.3d __, 2018 WL 4001825 at * 1 (Pa. 2018) (citing In re Adoption of
L.B.M., 161 A.3d 172, 174 (Pa. 2017) (concluding that, pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S.
§ 2313(a), a child who is the subject of a contested involuntary termination
proceeding has a statutory right to counsel who discerns and advocates for
the child’s legal interests, which our Supreme Court has defined as a child’s
preferred outcome.)
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Pa.C.S. § 2511(a)(1), (2), (4), (5), and (b). 4 On October 25, 2017, Mother
timely filed and served a notice of appeal and a concise statement of errors
complained of on appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a)(2)(i) and (b). 5 The
trial court filed an opinion pursuant to Rule 1925(b) on May 2, 2018.
On appeal, Mother raises the following issues for our review, which we
have re-ordered for ease of disposition:
1. Whether the [t]rial [c]ourt abused its discretion and erred
in law when Mother’s request for a continuance was denied?
2. Whether the [t]rial [c]ourt erred when it refused to accept
Mother’s evidence of surgeries and medications?
3. Whether the trial court abused its discretion and erred [in]
law when Mother was not given [a] reasonable amount of time to
complete objecti[v]es?
4. Whether the trial court abused its discretion and erred in
law when Mother’s visits were suspended and she was not a
danger to A.M.S.?
5. Did . . . [DHS] sustain the burden that Mother’s rights should
be terminated when there was evidence that Mother had
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4 The trial court entered an amended decree on October 2, 2017, involuntarily
terminating Mother’s parental rights pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S. § 2511(a)(1), (2),
(5), and (b).
5 On June 5, 2018, Mother’s counsel filed a motion requesting a 30-day
extension to file an appellant’s brief. Further, counsel requested that her
representation be vacated if this Court denied the extension. On June 8, 2018,
this Court denied the motion for a 30-day extension and remanded to the trial
court for a determination as to whether Mother is still eligible for court-
appointed counsel and, if so, for the appointment of new counsel. On June
28, 2018, the trial court appointed Mario D’Adamo, III, as new appellate
counsel for Mother.
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completed and/or had been actively completing her permanency
goals?
Mother’s brief at 9.
In her first issue, Mother argues that the trial court abused its discretion
in failing to grant her counsel’s request for a continuance due to being
provided the parenting capacity evaluation on the day of the subject
proceeding and, as a result, not having the opportunity to review it. We
disagree.6
Our Supreme Court has stated:
Appellate review of a trial court’s continuance decision is
deferential. “The grant or denial of a motion for a continuance is
within the sound discretion of the trial court and will be reversed
only upon a showing of an abuse of discretion. As we have
consistently stated, an abuse of discretion is not merely an error
of judgment. Rather, discretion is abused when ‘the law is
overridden or misapplied, or the judgment exercised is manifestly
unreasonable, or the result of partiality, prejudice, bias, or ill-will,
as shown by the evidence or the record. . . .’”
Commonwealth v. Brooks, 104 A.3d 466, 469 (Pa. 2014) (citations
omitted).
At the beginning of the hearing, before the testimonial evidence
commenced, Mother’s counsel made a request for a continuance because, in
part, “the [parenting capacity] evaluation was just received.” N.T., 9/28/17,
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6We observe that the trial court had continued the termination hearing once
before. The subject proceeding occurred four months after DHS filed the
petition, and A.M.S. had been in placement for more than one year.
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at 4. In response, counsel for DHS stated that she received the report “in
the middle of the list, . . ., and I have not read it. So I am as unaware of
the circumstances of everything that’s written down. . . .” 7 N.T., 9/28/17,
at 14. Further, counsel responded that Dr. Williams is present to testify and
available for cross-examination by Mother’s counsel. Id. at 14. Moreover,
counsel responded that she would prove Mother’s conduct warrants
termination of her parental rights because she has failed to comply with her
required objectives, which is a basis separate and apart from the parenting
capacity evaluation. Id. at 13-14.
In denying Mother’s request for a continuance, the trial court
explained:
Counsel for [DHS] must meet their burden of proof. . . . [Y]ou
will have an adequate opportunity to cross examine.
If . . . a possible finding of termination of parental rights [i]s only
through the parenting capacity evaluation, then I would think that
they would agree with your continuance. . . . I am going to allow
[DHS’s counsel] to go forward [to prove her case].
Id. at 15-16.
We discern no abuse of discretion. Indeed, Mother’s counsel cross-
examined Dr. Williams. Dr. Williams testified that her recommendations for
Mother were consistent with her court-ordered objectives. N.T., 9/28/17, at
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7In its brief, DHS clarified that all of the parties received the evaluation at the
same time as Mother’s counsel; therefore, none of the parties had an
opportunity to review it prior to the proceeding. DHS’s brief at 34.
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59. Our review of the record reveals that Mother’s requisite objectives were
in effect since approximately September of 2016. Ms. Riddick, the CUA case
manager, testified that Mother was only minimally compliant with her
objectives. Id. at 28. Therefore, to the extent that the trial court terminated
Mother’s parental rights on evidence separate and apart from the parenting
capacity evaluation, we reject Mother’s claim.
In her second issue, Mother argues that the trial court erred when it
denied her counsel the opportunity to refresh her recollection with a
discharge report relating to her alleged knee surgery. We disagree.
Evidentiary rulings are likewise “committed to the sound discretion of
the trial court, and will not be overruled absent an abuse of discretion or
error of law.” Tillery v. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 156 A.3d
1233, 1243 (Pa. Super. 2017) (citation omitted). Pennsylvania Rule of
Evidence 612 provides that a witness’s memory may be refreshed with a
writing or other item. Pa.R.E. 612(a). In Commonwealth v. Proctor, 385
A.2d 383, 385 (Pa. Super. 1978), this Court held that a proper foundation
must first be established before a party may avail himself or herself of the
rule permitting a witness to refresh his or her recollection. Specifically, we
held,
[t]o permit the use of a writing in order to refresh the memory of
a witness, the proponent must show: (1) that the witness’[s]
present memory is inadequate; (2) that the writing could refresh
the witness’[s] present memory; and (3) that reference to the
writing actually does refresh the witness’[s] present memory.
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Id. (citation omitted).
Here, during her direct testimony, Mother testified that she had knee
surgery at Einstein Hospital in October of 2017, even though the termination
hearing occurred before then, on September 28, 2017. N.T., 9/28/17, at 72-
73. The trial court interrupted Mother’s testimony as follows.
THE COURT: She said she had the surgery October 2017[.] [T]his
is September 28, 2017.
[Mother’s counsel]: Right, that was the knee surgery.
THE COURT: She said October 2017. This is September 28, 2017.
...
Id. at 72. Mother’s direct examination continued:
[Mother’s counsel]: Can you repeat the date that you had your
knee surgery?
[Mother]: October of 2017. . . .
[Mother’s counsel]: Where did you have your surgery?
[Mother]: Einstein.
Id. at 72-73. Thereafter, Mother’s counsel attempted to show Mother a
discharge report “to refresh her recollection in terms of where her surgery
was done, and the last date she visited the hospital.” Id. at 74. DHS’s
counsel objected, and the trial court sustained it without explanation. Id. at
73-74.
DHS responds in its brief, which the GAL joined, that the trial court did
not commit an error of law because Mother’s counsel failed to lay a proper
foundation. We agree insofar as Mother’s counsel did not present an offer of
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proof that the discharge report could refresh Mother’s present memory
regarding the date of the knee surgery, and that it actually did refresh her
present memory regarding the date of the surgery. Without this offer of
proof, we cannot discern what effect, if any, the discharge report would have
had. See Commonwealth v. Flis, 535 A.2d 157, 159-160 (Pa. Super.
1987) (discussing the need for an offer of proof to preserve the record for an
adverse evidentiary ruling). Even if the trial court erred in not permitting
Mother to refresh her recollection through the discharge report, we would
conclude that the error was harmless in light of the competent record
evidence supporting the involuntary termination of Mother’s parental rights.
Therefore, Mother’s second claim fails.
With respect to her third issue, whether the trial court abused its
discretion and/or erred in not giving her a reasonable amount of time to
complete her family service plan objectives, Mother omits any discussion of
this issue in the argument section of her brief. Therefore, we conclude that it
is waived. See Giant Food Stores, LLC v. THF Silver Spring
Development, L.P., 959 A.2d 438, 444 (Pa. Super. 2008) (“The Rules of
Appellate Procedure state unequivocally that each question an appellant raises
is to be supported by discussion and analysis of pertinent authority. Failure
to do so constitutes waiver of the claim.”) (citations omitted); Pa.R.A.P.
2119(b).
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In her fourth issue, Mother asserts that the trial court abused its
discretion and erred in suspending her visits with A.M.S. when there was no
evidence presented that she posed a grave threat to him.8 This claim fails for
the following reasons.
The record demonstrates that the trial court suspended Mother’s
visitation by the permanency review order entered on December 8, 2016.
DHS Exhibit 5. Thereafter, the court directed that Mother’s visitation remain
suspended in the permanency orders entered on February 23, 2017, and May
18, 2017. Id.This Court has held that orders suspending a parent’s visitation are final
and appealable. See In re C.B., 861 A.2d 287, 289 n. 1 (Pa. Super. 2004)
(concluding that the order suspending the father’s visitation was a final,
appealable order pursuant to In re H.S.W.C.-B., 836 A.2d 908, 911 (Pa.
2003), which held, “An order granting or denying a status change, as well as
an order terminating or preserving parental rights, shall be deemed final when
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8 The standard against which visitation between parents and their dependent
children is measured depends upon the goal mandated in the family service
plan. See In re C.J., 729 A.2d 89 (Pa. Super. 1999). Where the permanency
goal is reunification, a court may not deny or reduce visitation unless it poses
a grave threat to the child. Id. at 95. This standard is satisfied when the
parent demonstrates a severe mental or moral deficiency that constitutes a
grave threat to the child. Id. However, where the goal is no longer
reunification, the court may suspend, limit, or deny visitation if it is in the best
interests of the child. Id. (“The ‘best interests’ standard, in this context, is
less protective of parents’ visitation rights than the ‘grave threat’ standard.”).
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entered.”). Nevertheless, Mother did not file notices of appeal from any of the
permanency orders suspending her visitation with A.M.S. Likewise, as
discussed supra, Mother did not file a notice of appeal from the goal change
order that the court issued at the conclusion of the subject proceeding. As
such, Mother’s issue regarding the suspension of her visitation rights is
untimely and improper. Even if Mother properly raised the issue, we would
deem it moot based on our disposition of this appeal. See In re D.A., 801
A.2d 614, 616 (Pa. Super. 2002) (stating, “An issue before a court is moot if
in ruling upon the issue the court cannot enter an order that has any legal
force or effect.”) (citations omitted).
In her fifth and final issue on appeal, Mother asserts that DHS failed to
prove by clear and convincing evidence that her conduct warranted
termination pursuant to Section 2511(a)(1), (2), and (5). In the alternative,
Mother asserts that DHS did not satisfy its burden of proof with respect to
Section 2511(b).
We are guided by the following standard:
The standard of review in termination of parental rights cases
requires appellate courts to accept the findings of fact and
credibility determinations of the trial court if they are supported
by the record. If the factual findings are supported, appellate
courts review to determine if the trial court made an error of law
or abused its discretion. A decision may be reversed for an abuse
of discretion only upon demonstration of manifest
unreasonableness, partiality, prejudice, bias, or ill-will. The trial
court’s decision, however, should not be reversed merely because
the record would support a different result. We have previously
emphasized our deference to trial courts that often have first-hand
observations of the parties spanning multiple hearings.
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In re T.S.M., 71 A.3d 251, 267 (Pa. 2013) (citations and quotation marks
omitted).
Termination of parental rights is governed by Section 2511 of the
Adoption Act, which requires a bifurcated analysis. We have explained as
follows.
Initially, the focus is on the conduct of the parent. The party
seeking termination must prove by clear and convincing evidence
that the parent’s conduct satisfies the statutory grounds for
termination delineated in Section 2511(a). Only if the court
determines that the parent’s conduct warrants termination of his
or her parental rights does the court engage in the second part of
the analysis pursuant to Section 2511(b): determination of the
needs and welfare of the child under the standard of best interests
of the child. One major aspect of the needs and welfare analysis
concerns the nature and status of the emotional bond between
parent and child, with close attention paid to the effect on the child
of permanently severing any such bond.
In re L.M., 923 A.2d 505, 511 (Pa. Super. 2007) (citations omitted).
Section 2511(a)(1), (2), (5), and (b) provide as follows:
§ 2511. Grounds for involuntary termination
(a) General rule.--The rights of a parent in regard to a child may
be terminated after a petition filed on any of the following
grounds:
(1) The parent by conduct continuing for a period of at
least six months immediately preceding the filing of the
petition either has evidenced a settled purpose of
relinquishing parental claim to a child or has refused or
failed to perform parental duties.
(2) The repeated and continued incapacity, abuse, neglect
or refusal of the parent has caused the child to be without
essential parental care, control or subsistence necessary
for his physical or mental well-being and the conditions and
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causes of the incapacity, abuse, neglect or refusal cannot
or will not be remedied by the parent.
...
(5) The child has been removed from the care of the parent
by the court or under a voluntary agreement with an
agency for a period of at least six months, the conditions
which led to the removal or placement of the child continue
to exist, the parent cannot or will not remedy those
conditions within a reasonable period of time, the services
or assistance reasonably available to the parent are not
likely to remedy the conditions which led to the removal or
placement of the child within a reasonable period of time
and termination of the parental rights would best serve the
needs and welfare of the child.
...
(b) Other considerations.―The court in terminating the rights
of a parent shall give primary consideration to the developmental,
physical and emotional needs and welfare of the child. The rights
of a parent shall not be terminated solely on the basis of
environmental factors such as inadequate housing, furnishings,
income, clothing and medical care if found to be beyond the
control of the parent. With respect to any petition filed pursuant
to subsection (a)(1), (6) or (8), the court shall not consider any
efforts by the parent to remedy the conditions described therein
which are first initiated subsequent to the giving of notice of the
filing of the petition.
...
23 Pa.C.S. § 2511(a)(1), (2), (5), (b).
DHS and the GAL respond in their brief that this issue is waived because
Mother did not raise it in her concise statement of errors complained of on
appeal. It is well-established that any issues not raised in a Rule 1925(b)
statement are waived on appeal. See In the Interest of G.D. v. D.D., 61
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A.3d 1031, 1036, n. 3 (Pa. Super. 2013) (citing Dietrich v. Dietrich, 923
A.2d 461, 463 (Pa. Super. 2007).
Mother, through court-appointed trial counsel, timely filed and served a
concise statement of errors complained of on appeal along with a notice of
appeal on October 25, 2017, in accordance with Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a)(2)(i) and
(b). In the concise statement, Mother asserted seven errors by the trial court,
none of which involved Section 2511(a) or (b).
However, attached to Mother’s appellate brief is a document entitled,
“1925 A Statement of Matters Complained of on Appeal,” which includes ten
asserted errors. New appellate counsel, Attorney D’Adamo, attempts by this
document to supplement the concise statement by raising additional errors
relating to Section 2511(a)(1), (2), (5), and (b).9
This document is neither dated nor signed by Attorney D’Adamo. In
fact, it does not reference any name or address of counsel. Moreover, this
document is not time-stamped, and it does not include a certificate of service.
Indeed, the certified docket does not reveal that Attorney D’Adamo filed a
supplemental concise statement or requested to do so nunc pro tunc.
Likewise, he did not request in this Court to file a supplemental concise
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9 We observe that this document asserts only in general terms that the trial
court erred in terminating Mother’s parental rights pursuant to 2511(a)(1),
(2), (5), and (b). See Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)(4) (providing, “The Statement shall
concisely identify each ruling or error that the appellant intends to challenge
with sufficient detail to identify all pertinent issues for the judge. . . .”
(emphasis added).
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statement nunc pro tunc. Therefore, we agree with DHS and the GAL that
Mother has not preserved her final issue for appeal. See Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)(2)
(providing, “On application of the appellant and for good cause shown, the
judge may . . . permit an amended or supplemental Statement to be filed. .
. . In extraordinary circumstances, the judge may allow for the filing of a . .
. amended or supplemental Statement nunc pro tunc.”); Pa.R.A.P. 1925(c)(2)
(providing, “Upon application of the appellant and for good cause shown, an
appellate court may remand in a civil case for the filing nunc pro tunc . . . for
amendment or supplementation of a timely filed and served Statement and
for a concurrent supplemental opinion.”).
Even if Mother had preserved this issue, we would agree with DHS and
the GAL that it is meritless. Competent record evidence demonstrates that
the trial court properly terminated Mother’s parental rights pursuant to Section
2511(a)(2) and (b).10
To satisfy the requirements of Section 2511(a)(2), the moving party
must produce clear and convincing evidence regarding the following elements:
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10 We need only agree with the trial court as to any one subsection of Section
2511(a), as well as Section 2511(b), in order to affirm. See In re B.L.W.,
843 A.2d 380, 384 (Pa. Super. 2004) (en banc). Therefore, we need not
consider Mother’s arguments with respect to Section 2511(a)(1) and (5).
However, we observe that the trial court improperly terminated Mother’s
parental rights under Section 2511(a)(5) because A.M.S. was not removed
from her care but from Father’s care. See In re C.S., 761 A.2d 1197 (Pa.
Super. 2000) (en banc) (stating that Section 2511(a)(5) did not provide a
basis for terminating the father’s parental rights when he was incarcerated at
the time of the child’s removal from the mother’s care).
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(1) repeated and continued incapacity, abuse, neglect or refusal; (2) such
incapacity, abuse, neglect or refusal caused the child to be without essential
parental care, control or subsistence necessary for his physical or mental well-
being; and (3) the causes of the incapacity, abuse, neglect or refusal cannot
or will not be remedied. In re Adoption of M.E.P., 825 A.2d 1266, 1272
(Pa. Super. 2003).
Parents are required to make diligent efforts towards the reasonably
prompt assumption of full parental responsibilities. In re A.L.D. 797 A.2d
326, 340 (Pa. Super. 2002). A parent’s vow to cooperate, after a long period
of uncooperativeness regarding the necessity or availability of services, may
properly be rejected as untimely or disingenuous. Id.With respect to Section 2511(b), this Court has stated that,
“[i]ntangibles such as love, comfort, security, and stability are involved in the
inquiry into the needs and welfare of the child.” In re C.M.S., 884 A.2d 1284,
1287 (Pa. Super. 2005) (citation omitted). Further, the trial court “must also
discern the nature and status of the parent-child bond, with utmost attention
to the effect on the child of permanently severing that bond.” Id. (citation
omitted). However, “[i]n cases where there is no evidence of any bond
between the parent and child, it is reasonable to infer that no bond exists.
The extent of any bond analysis, therefore, necessarily depends on the
circumstances of the particular case.” In re K.Z.S., 946 A.2d 753, 762-763
(Pa. Super. 2008) (citation omitted).
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Instantly, the CUA case manager, Ms. Riddick, testified that Mother “is
always very combative whenever I speak to her. . . .” N.T., 9/28/17, at 30.
She testified, “Mother has stated on several occasions that she does not want
me to contact her. . . .” Id. at 31.
Ms. Riddick testified that Mother was only minimally compliant with her
single case plan objectives. Id. at 28. Specifically, she testified that Mother
did not participate in all of the requested random drug screens, and she did
not consistently attend drug and alcohol treatment, which was required three
times per week. Id. at 25-27. In fact, on the date of the termination
proceeding, Mother had not attended her drug and alcohol treatment for the
past three weeks, at minimum. Id. at 27. In addition, Ms. Riddick testified
that Mother’s drug and alcohol counselors concluded that Mother is dependent
upon opiates, for which she has prescriptions due to alleged shoulder and knee
surgeries. Id. at 32-33, 71-72.
Further, Ms. Riddick testified that Mother was referred to the Sage
program in May of 2017, which is for parents of sexually molested children.
Id. at 25. Mother was due to start the program in June, and she was
subsequently discharged for non-attendance. Id. at 25. Significantly, Ms.
Riddick testified that Mother does not consistently acknowledge that Father
molested A.M.S. Id. at 32.
Mother testified on direct examination that she did not attend her
appointments with the Sage program for the following reasons.
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I called the first time, and informed them that I was not able to
make it because of the bad weather[.] [T]he second time I called,
I believe it was the exact same reason for very bad weather which
I cannot move good in bad weather because of my surgeries. And
the third time when I called they said because I missed two
sessions I was not able to participate in the third one, and I would
have to wait until September [of 2017] for the next class to start.
Id. at 75. Ms. Riddick testified that Mother did not attend the September of
2017 appointment because Mother stated she “was out of town.” Id. at 25.
On cross-examination by the GAL, Mother testified as follows.
Q. I think you said you go to work every day?
A. I work every day, yes, I do.
Q. And you’re not incapacitated by your shoulder surgery?
A. I work from home.
Q. And you said you work every day; is that right?
A. Yes, I do.
Q. And you’ve been able to work in spite of your shoulder surgery
and your knee surgery?
A. I work from home, yes.
Q. And you had the shoulder surgery on May 12, 2017; is that
right?
A. Yes.
Q. And we were in court on May 18 of 2017, and you were here;
isn’t that right?
A. Yes, it was.
Q. Yet you were not able to go to the Sage appointment following
the [c]ourt hearing because of your shoulder; is that right?
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A. The rain, it was bad weather that day and after having surgery
I don’t move around as well, I can’t move around as well.
Q. But you’re still able to travel to work and travel to Detroit;[11]
is that right?
A. Good weather conditions, yes. And also it’s necessary for my
success with my business that I travel those every three
months[.] [I]t’s mandatory in order for me to succeed.
Id. at 86-87.
Based on the foregoing, we conclude that the testimonial evidence
supports the trial court’s involuntary termination of Mother’s parental rights
pursuant to Section 2511(a)(2). Mother’s repeated and continued refusal to
consistently participate in random drug screens, the requisite drug and alcohol
treatment program, and the Sage program, has caused A.M.S. to be without
essential parental care, control, and subsistence necessary for his physical
and mental well-being. Further, the causes of Mother’s refusal to participate
in these programs cannot or will not be remedied.
With respect to Section 2511(b), we are governed by the following
settled case law.
While a parent’s emotional bond with his or her child is a major
aspect of the subsection 2511(b) best-interest analysis, it is
nonetheless only one of many factors to be considered by the
court when determining what is in the best interest of the child.
In re K.K.R.S., 958 A.2d 529, 533-536 (Pa. Super. 2008). The
____________________________________________
11 Mother testified that approximately two weeks before the termination
proceeding, on a Monday, she returned from Detroit. N.T., 9/28/17, at 69.
She testified, “I have my own business, and we travel every three months,
so, I was in Detroit for intensive training.” Id. There are no details in the
record regarding Mother’s alleged business.
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mere existence of an emotional bond does not preclude the
termination of parental rights. See In re T.D., 949 A.2d 910 (Pa.
Super. 2008) (trial court’s decision to terminate parents’ parental
rights was affirmed where court balanced strong emotional bond
against parents’ inability to serve needs of child). Rather, the
orphans’ court must examine the status of the bond to determine
whether its termination “would destroy an existing, necessary and
beneficial relationship.” In re Adoption of T.B.B., 835 A.2d 387,
397 (Pa. Super. 2003). As we explained in In re A.S., 11 A.3d
473, 483 (Pa. Super. 2010),
[I]n addition to a bond examination, the trial court can
equally emphasize the safety needs of the child, and should
also consider the intangibles, such as the love, comfort,
security, and stability the child might have with the foster
parent. Additionally, this Court stated that the trial court
should consider the importance of continuity of
relationships and whether any existing parent-child bond
can be severed without detrimental effects on the child.
In re N.A.M., 33 A.3d 95, 103 (Pa. Super. 2011).
Furthermore, our Supreme Court has stated that, “[c]ommon sense
dictates that courts considering termination must also consider whether the
children are in a pre-adoptive home and whether they have a bond with their
foster parents.” In re T.S.M., supra at 268. The Court directed that, in
weighing the bond considerations pursuant to Section 2511(b), “courts must
keep the ticking clock of childhood ever in mind.” Id. at 269. The T.S.M.
Court observed that, “[c]hildren are young for a scant number of years, and
we have an obligation to see to their healthy development quickly. When
courts fail . . . the result, all too often, is catastrophically maladjusted
children.” Id.
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In this case, there is no evidence of a parent-child bond between Mother
and A.M.S. Indeed, Father assumed custody of A.M.S. in August of 2016. In
September of 2016, the court placed A.M.S. in the custody of DHS, when he
was three years old. Further, Mother’s visitation with A.M.S has been
suspended since the permanency review order in December of 2016.
Therefore, it was reasonable for the trial court to infer that no bond exists.
Ms. Riddick testified that A.M.S. “appears extremely bonded to the
current foster parent. He calls her mother. . . . [He] is doing extremely well
in the home. . . .” N.T., 9/28/17, at 29. Ms. Riddick explained that A.M.S. is
in a treatment foster home because of behavioral problems. Id. at 23.
However, she testified that his behavior “has been stabilizing as of June of this
year.” Id. at 23-24. In addition, Ms. Riddick testified on direct examination
as follows.
Q. Do you believe it would be harmful to [A.M.S.] in light of his
current status if [M]other’s parental rights were terminated by the
[c]ourt?
A. No.
...
Q. Do you have concerns that his behaviors may . . . destabilize[]
if he was removed from the [foster] home?
A. Yes.
Id. at 28-29.
Based on the foregoing testimonial evidence, we discern no abuse of
discretion by the trial court pursuant to Section 2511(b). The evidence
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demonstrates that terminating Mother’s parental rights will serve the
developmental, physical and emotional needs and welfare of A.M.S.
Accordingly, we affirm the decree.
Decree affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 11/1/18
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