Com. v. Green, G. ( 2015 )


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  • J. S71011/14
    NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION – SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA              :    IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
    :          PENNSYLVANIA
    v.                   :
    :
    GEORGE NATHANIEL GREEN,                   :         No. 441 MDA 2014
    :
    Appellant       :
    Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence, April 12, 2013,
    in the Court of Common Pleas of Dauphin County
    Criminal Division at No. CP-22-CR-0003983-2012
    BEFORE: FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E., PANELLA AND FITZGERALD,* JJ.
    MEMORANDUM BY FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E.:                FILED JANUARY 23, 2015
    Appellant, George Nathaniel Green, appeals his judgment of sentence
    entered April 12, 2013, in the Court of Common Pleas of Dauphin County.
    Following a jury trial, appellant was convicted of one count of unlawful
    delivery of a controlled substance and one count of unlawful possession of
    drug paraphernalia.1 Appellant challenges the sufficiency of the evidence on
    the above convictions. We affirm.
    The factual history has been summarized by the trial court as follows:
    At trial, the Commonwealth presented the
    testimony       of    Detective     Donald    Heffner
    (“Det. Heffner”)     and    Officer   Kelly   English
    (“Officer English”) of the Harrisburg Bureau of Police
    (“HB”). The following facts were established: on
    * Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
    1
    35 P.S. § 780-113(a)(30) and § 780-113(a)(32), respectively.
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    July 27, 2012, Det. Heffner was on duty in plain
    clothes and driving an unmarked police vehicle;
    more specifically a black Ford Escape. (Notes of
    Testimony, Trial, Apr. 10, 2013 -- Apr. 12, 2013 at
    37-41).[Footnote 4] At approximately 10:30 a.m.,
    Det. Heffner had been travelling south on
    Sixth Street in Harrisburg City when he saw an
    individual   later    identified     as    Defendant,
    George Green (“Appellant” or “Green”), walking with
    two other males in the area of [sic] H&J’s bar located
    at Sixth and Schuykill Streets. (N.T. at 43-46).
    Based on his professional experience, Det. Heffner
    described the neighborhood as an area known for
    high crime and high drug activity. (N.T. at 47).
    [Footnote 4] Hereinafter “N.T.”
    After seeing Appellant, Det. Heffner turned left
    onto Schuykill Street and left onto Turner Alley and
    proceeded through a vacant lot near where Appellant
    was walking towards a nearby store. (N.T. at 47).
    Det. Heffner stated that, without his prompting,
    Appellant motioned to him to back up into the lot,
    which he did. (N.T. at 47; 107-108). After he
    parked the vehicle, Appellant approached the
    vehicle, greeted the Detective who said “you got any
    good?” to which Appellant responded “yes.” (N.T. at
    49). Det. Heffner explained that “good” is street
    slang for crack cocaine. (Id.) At that point in time,
    Appellant entered the vehicle, sat in the front
    passenger seat and began a conversation about
    buying the illegal drugs. (N.T. 49-50). Det. Heffner
    told him that he had $30 to buy the drugs.
    Appellant then to [sic] opened the zipper on his
    pants and pulled out a plastic bag containing several
    smaller black baggies, moved the larger bag to his
    feet and came up with three small bags of cocaine.
    (N.T. at 49-52; 89; 100-101). Det. Heffner handed
    the $30 to Appellant which consisted of a $20 bill
    and a $10 bill. He had previously recorded the serial
    numbers in a notebook he routinely keeps when
    working undercover. (N.T. at 52-55).
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    Det. Heffner was able to easily observe
    Appellant during the transaction as the vehicle is not
    large and, due to the bucket seats in the front,
    Green was sitting within 1½ feet from his seat.
    (N.T. at 50-51). Heffner described Appellant as a
    light skinned black male in his 20s, wearing a white
    T-shirt, blue jeans, a blue baseball cap with red on
    it, and facial hair. (N.T. at 52). He also noted that
    appellant was smoking a long cigar with a yellow tip
    and a very pungent odor.           (N.T. at 52-53).
    Detective Heffner was close enough to Appellant to
    observe a tattoo on his left forearm which he
    described as a “1,” a “C” and an “O or 0,” each with
    a space in between them. (N.T. at 51). He also saw
    a tattoo on his left neck that he described as writing
    down the side, but he could not see what the writing
    said. (N.T. at 51-52). Detective Heffner was able to
    positively identify the tattoos described when
    presented with photographic evidence of them during
    trial. (N.T. at 62-64).
    When     the   transaction   was    completed,
    Appellant exited the car and Det. Heffner observed
    him in his rearview mirror heading south on
    Turner Alley. (N.T. at 53; 74). Det. Heffner then
    drove to Sixth and Curtain to perform a field test on
    the substance he had purchased and it tested
    presumptively positive for cocaine. (N.T. at 57-58).
    Subsequent laboratory testing by the Pennsylvania
    State Police (“PSP”) confirmed that the purchase
    made by Det. Heffner was, indeed, crack cocaine.
    (N.T. at 70-72).
    Since Detective Heffner was on patrol alone,
    he     followed    proper   protocol  by   radioing
    Corporal Gautsch (“Cpl. Gautsch”), who he had seen
    while driving in the area of the crime scene. The
    purpose of the contact was to assemble a team to
    conduct a search and possibly make an arrest. (N.T.
    at 57-58; 60-61). Over the radio and during a
    cellphone conversation, he provided Cpl. Gautsch
    with a physical description of the suspected dealer
    and information on the tattoos. Heffner relayed his
    belief that Appellant was headed back towards Sixth
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    and Schuykill Streets.     (N.T. at 58-60; 75-81).
    Cpl. Gautsch, Det. Heffner and two uniformed
    officers, Officer English and Officer Minnier,
    proceeded to the location of Sixth and Schuykill in
    the area of H&J’s bar. Upon arrival Officer English
    radioed that he had seen an individual matching the
    suspect’s description standing outside H&J’s. (N.T.
    at 75; 81-82).
    Upon entering H&J’s bar, Det. Heffner spotted
    Appellant smoking a cigar and playing pool with a tall
    male dressed in all black. (N.T. at 86-87). The
    other individual saw police and went into the
    bathroom.      (Id.)    Det. Heffner immediately
    recognized Appellant as the individual who had sold
    him the packages of crack cocaine. He recognized
    the clothing, the hat, the cigar with the yellow tip
    and its odor, and he identified the tattoos on
    Appellant’s neck and arm.         (N.T. at 87-88).
    Appellant was immediately arrested, taken into
    custody and searched incident to arrest. (N.T. at 88-
    89).
    Approximately 10 minutes elapsed from the
    time when Det. Heffner conducted the transaction
    with Appellant in the car and the time of the arrest.
    During the intervening timeframe, Appellant was out
    of the police’s visual contact. (N.T. at 84-85). The
    search incident to arrest resulted in the recovery of
    $24, none of which was the “buy” money used by
    Det. Heffner, and a cellphone.         (N.T. 89; 92).
    Additionally, a police search of the bar and bathroom
    as well as his cellphone failed to uncover any other
    evidence, including the “buy” money or more drugs.
    (N.T. at 92-93; 123-124).
    Officer English stated that on the date of the
    incident he had been summoned by Cpl. Gautsch to
    respond to the area of Sixth and Schuykill Streets to
    investigate a drug transaction. (N.T. at 133). He
    was provided a physical description of the suspected
    drug dealer and arrived at that location in under one
    minute.     (N.T. at 134-135).       The description
    provided was that of a light-skinned black male, with
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    facial hair who was wearing a white shirt, blue jeans
    and a blue hat. (N.T. at 134). Officer English
    parked the right side of his K9 unit at the curb facing
    west on Schuykill Street with the bar on his left.
    (N.T. at 135-137). He was the first marked police
    unit on the scene and he immediately saw a person
    walking into the bar that matched the description
    Heffner had provided. (N.T. at 137-138). While he
    secured the perimeter, he did not see anybody leave
    the bar between the time of his arrival and the time
    Appellant was arrested. (N.T. at 138-139).
    Trial court opinion, 6/6/14 at 3-6.
    A jury trial was held on April 10, 2013 through April 12, 2013.
    Appellant was convicted of one count of unlawful delivery of a controlled
    substance and one count of unlawful possession of drug paraphernalia, and
    he was sentenced to an aggregate term of imprisonment of 24 months to
    60 months. Neither post-sentence motions nor a notice of appeal were filed
    after sentencing.       Subsequently, on November 20, 2013, appellant filed a
    timely pro se petition pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”).2
    PCRA counsel was appointed on December 12, 2013.                   Upon review of
    appellant’s claims, PCRA counsel concluded that appellant had been
    rendered ineffective assistance of counsel as, despite appellant’s request to
    do so, counsel failed to perfect an appeal of his judgment of sentence. On
    January 31, 2014, PCRA counsel filed a motion to reinstate appellate rights
    under    the    PCRA.      The   trial   court   issued   an   order   directing   the
    Commonwealth to respond to appellant’s motion.                 The Commonwealth
    2
    42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546.
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    timely complied and informed the court it had no objection to appellant’s
    direct appeal rights being reinstated nunc pro tunc. On February 25, 2014,
    the trial court granted appellant’s motion and provided him 30 days to file a
    notice of appeal.
    On March 10, 2014, appellant filed a timely notice of appeal.
    Appellant was ordered to file a statement of errors complained of on appeal
    and he timely complied.     The trial court filed its Rule 1925(a) opinion on
    June 6, 2014. Appellant presents one issue for our consideration: “Whether
    the evidence presented at trial was insufficient to convict Appellant of the
    crime of Unlawful Delivery of a Controlled Substance and Possession of Drug
    Paraphernalia[?]” (Appellant’s brief at 7.)
    In   reviewing   a   sufficiency    challenge,   we   apply   the   following
    well-settled principles:
    The standard we apply in reviewing the sufficiency of
    the evidence is whether viewing all the evidence
    admitted at trial in the light most favorable to the
    verdict winner, there is sufficient evidence to enable
    the fact-finder to find every element of the crime
    beyond a reasonable doubt. In applying the above
    test, we may not weigh the evidence and substitute
    our judgment for the fact-finder. In addition, we
    note that the facts and circumstances established by
    the Commonwealth need not preclude every
    possibility of innocence. Any doubts regarding a
    defendant’s guilt may be resolved by the fact-finder
    unless the evidence is so weak and inconclusive that
    as a matter of law no probability of fact may be
    drawn from the combined circumstances.            The
    Commonwealth may sustain its burden of proving
    every element of the crime beyond a reasonable
    doubt by means of wholly circumstantial evidence.
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    Moreover, in applying the above test, the entire
    record must be considered. Finally, the trier of fact
    while passing upon the credibility of witnesses and
    the weight of the evidence produced, is free to
    believe all, part or none of the evidence.
    Commonwealth v. Brown, 
    23 A.3d 559
    -560 (Pa.Super. 2011) (en banc),
    quoting Commonwealth v. Hutchinson, 
    947 A.2d 800
    , 805 (Pa.Super.
    2008).
    Appellant argues that other than the testimony of Detective Heffner,
    there was no supporting evidence.          (Appellant’s brief at 10.)     More
    specifically, appellant contends upon his arrest, he did not have any drugs
    on his person or the $30 that Detective Heffner testified he paid him. (Id.
    at 11.) Our role, as stated previously, is to view the evidence in a light most
    favorable to the verdict winner, drawing all reasonable inferences in its
    favor, to determine if the finder-of-fact could reasonably have concluded
    that all the elements of the crime were established beyond a reasonable
    doubt.   Commonwealth v. Ferino, 
    640 A.2d 934
    , 937 (Pa.Super. 1994),
    affirmed, 
    655 A.2d 506
     (Pa. 1995).
    Here, the evidence indicated appellant was arrested approximately
    ten minutes after the drug transaction.    Detective Heffner (“Heffner”) had
    personal knowledge of the transaction since it was he who gave appellant
    $30 for three small bags of crack cocaine.         According to Heffner, he
    witnessed appellant take a bag out of the zipper area in his pants and
    retrieve three smaller bags. The substance in the bags tested positive for
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    crack cocaine. Additionally, Heffner was able to get a clear view of appellant
    as appellant sat less than 1½ feet across from him in his vehicle. Heffner
    observed two tattoos, one of which he was able to decipher the characters
    “as a ‘1,’ a ‘C’, and an ‘O’ or ‘0,’ each with a space in between.” At trial,
    appellant displayed his right forearm and the left side of his neck for the jury
    to see the tattoos, which were consistent with the description that Heffner
    gave of the tattoos he saw on the individual who sold him the crack cocaine.
    Heffner’s testimony alone, which was obviously believed by the jury,
    was sufficient to support appellant’s convictions.    See Commonwealth v.
    King, 
    959 A.2d 405
    , 411 (Pa.Super. 2008) (rejecting defendant’s “assertion
    that the verdict was infirm because no physical evidence linked him to the
    crimes” since two eyewitnesses’ identification testimony, which the jury was
    permitted   to    accept,   was   sufficient   to   support   his   conviction);
    Commonwealth v. Wilder, 
    393 A.2d 927
    , 928 (Pa.Super. 1978) (stating a
    positive identification by one witness, a police officer, is sufficient for
    conviction). Accordingly, appellant’s judgment of sentence is affirmed.
    The judgment of sentence is affirmed.
    Judgment Entered.
    Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
    Prothonotary
    Date: 1/23/2015
    -8-
    

Document Info

Docket Number: 441 MDA 2014

Filed Date: 1/23/2015

Precedential Status: Precedential

Modified Date: 1/27/2015