Com. v. Jakobovich, J. ( 2019 )

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
JESSICA JAKOBOVICH, :
:
Appellant. : No. 2381 EDA 2018
Appeal from the Order Entered, July 13, 2018,
in the Court of Common Pleas of Monroe County,
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-45-SA-0000070-2017.
BEFORE: LAZARUS, J., KUNSELMAN, J., and STRASSBURGER*, J.
MEMORANDUM BY KUNSELMAN, J.: FILED MAY 29, 2019
Appellant, Jessica Jakobovich1 appeals from the order denying her
“Petition for Extraordinary Relief.” The trial court deemed Appellant’s filing to
be a Post-Conviction Relief Act2 (PCRA) petition over which it had no
jurisdiction. We agree and affirm the order denying relief.
The trial judge related the factual background of this matter as follows:
this case involves a non-traffic citation issued to [Appellant]
by Gregory Jordan of the Pennsylvania Society for the
Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (“PSPCA”) on April 11,
2017. The summary citation . . . pertained to the care of a
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1 In her petition for extraordinary relief, Appellant avers that her surname is
actually spelled “Jacobovich.” See Petition, 4/27/18, at 1. For ease of
discussion, we refer to Ms. Jacobovich as “Appellant.”
2 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546.
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* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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dog owned by [Appellant, who] entered a plea before this
Court, so there are no facts of record.
According to [Appellant’s] motion, the underlying facts
began on December 16, 2016 when PSPCA conducted a
welfare check for [her] pit bull, Layla, who was staying at
the home of [Appellant’s] father.
[Her] father was found unconscious, and several dogs,
including Layla, were removed from the property while he
was taken for medical treatment. Layla was eventually
taken to the PSPCA facility in Philadelphia. [Appellant]
alleges she entered into negotiations with PSPCA for the
return of Layla, but when she refused to sign the dog over
to the organization, PSPCA filed the citation at issue. The
citation was filed under 18 Pa. C.S.A. §5511(c)—cruelty to
animals. The citation alleges [when] Layla was brought into
PSCPA custody, [Appellant] had failed to seek proper
veterinary care for her and that the dog was suffering from
ear infections and flea associated dermatitis.
[Appellant] then appeared pro se before MDJ [Thomas
E.] Olsen, where she was convicted of the offense. On June
6, 2017, [she] filed a counseled appeal from summary-
criminal conviction with the trial court. A hearing was
originally scheduled [for] August 17, 2017. [Appellant]
requested and was granted two continuances due to her ill
health and the need to conduct discovery.
The case was finally called for hearing on December 21,
2017. At that time, [Appellant] entered a nolo contendere
plea, in which a fine was imposed of $50.00, she agreed to
pay restitution in the amount of $1,800.00 to PSPCA, and
that she agreed not to own or possess an animal for a period
of 90 days. As part of the plea bargain, Layla was to be
returned to [Appellant’s] mother immediately. [Appellant]
now alleges that on the day of the hearing the
Commonwealth did not provide her with medical records
while in the care of PSPCA, except for a restitution bill
generally stating what treatments Layla had received while
in PSPCA’s care. [Appellant] alleges that if she had those
records, she would not have entered her plea.
[Appellant] admits Layla was returned to [her] mother as
bargained for along with a rabies certificate. Upon the
request of [Appellant’s] counsel, PSPCA also forwarded a
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detailed record of Layla’s medical treatment while in their
care on January 2, 2018. [Appellant] now claims that those
medical records are exculpatory, because they show that
Layla had to be treated for the same or similar conditions
while in PSPCA care as were alleged in the citation.
Additionally . . . [Appellant] now argues that the failure to
provide this “after-discovered evidence” violated her Due
Process rights as it is material to the issue of guilt and
punishment. [Her] Motion for Extraordinary Relief asks the
Court to vacate her nolo contendere plea, dismiss the case
against her, and return or vacate any further responsibility
she has for fines, costs, or restitution.
Trial Court Opinion, 7/13/18, at 1-3.
The trial court treated Appellant’s petition as one for PCRA relief.
However, the court denied the petition on July 13, 2018, concluding that the
petition was untimely and jurisdictionally barred under the PCRA. She
appealed from that order.
This Court issued a rule to show cause why we should not quash the
appeal as untimely, because the trial court entered the judgment of sentence
on December 21, 2017 – four months before she appealed. In reply to our
rule, Appellant claims that she timely appealed from the order denying her
“Petition for Extraordinary Relief, which, in this case, is analogous to a Motion
for Habeas Corpus . . . .” Appellant’s Response to Rule to Show Cause at 1.
Appellant raises four issues in her brief regarding the merits of her
petition.3 However, the dispositive issue on appeal is whether Appellant filed
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3 Appellant’s appellate issues are:
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a PCRA petition over which the trial court had no jurisdiction. The trial court
raised the jurisdiction issue sua sponte. This Court “may always consider that
question on our own motion . . . Jurisdiction is purely a question of law; the
appellate standard of review is de novo, and the scope of review plenary.”
Kapcsos v. Benshoff, 194 A.3d 139, 141 (Pa. Super. 2018) (en banc)
(citations and some punctuation omitted).
We agree with Appellant that she timely appealed within 30 days of the
order denying her petition; thus, this Court will not quash her appeal on those
grounds. However, her attempt to elevate the petition to the level of one for
habeas corpus4 fails.
A petition for habeas corpus commences a new civil action and has a
civil remedy. See 18 Standard Pa. Practice 2d § 98:7 at 205. The writ’s
seeker sues, in the name of the Commonwealth, a defendant who is allegedly
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1. Did the trial court err by finding that Appellant should
have filed a direct appeal, rather than waiting four
months after sentencing to file her petition?
2. Did the trial court err by opining that a Motion for
Reconsideration was an appropriate method for claiming
after-discovered evidence in a summary case?
3. Did the trial court err by dismissing Appellant’s petition
as untimely under Pa.R.Crim.P. 720(c)?
4. Did the trial court err by holding that Appellant’s after-
discovered evidence did not constitute a violation of
Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83 (1963)?
See Appellant’s Brief at 4-5. The Commonwealth has not filed a brief, nor did
it respond to Appellant’s petition in the trial court.
4 Latin, literally translating to “Have the body.”
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holding a person in custody without probable cause. See, e.g.,
Commonwealth ex rel. Levine v. Fair, 146 A.2d 834 (Pa. 1958). If the
writ issues, it “requires the body of the person alleged to be unlawfully held
in custody . . . to be brought before the court so that appropriate judgment
may be rendered upon judicial inquiry into the alleged, unlawful restraint.” 18
Standard Pa. Practice 2d §98:1 at 201. The defendant/jailer must make a
prima facie showing that the imprisonment is lawful, or the court will order
the prisoner’s release.
Appellant’s petition sought none of those things, because she was never
jailed or deprived of her liberty. The court’s judgment of sentence deprived
her of property – i.e., it imposed a fine and ordered her to make restitution.
Thus, she may not lay claim to a writ of habeas corpus, and she cannot
analogize her “Petition for Extraordinary Relief” to a request for one.
Appellant has filed a PCRA petition under the erroneous heading of a
“Petition for Extraordinary Relief.” There is nothing “extraordinary” about her
petition. She filed it within one year of her sentence becoming final, just as
one would with any, timely PCRA. See 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9544(b)(1). In this
petition, she makes arguments about after-discovered-evidence and
violations of Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83 (1963), which are arguments
common to the PCRA petitions of persons who pleaded nolo contendere (or
guilty) and wish to rescind their pleas. See 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9543(a)(2)(i),(iii).
Finally, Appellant requests post-conviction relief, i.e. the same relief that a
PCRA petitioner would request – namely, the vacating of her sentence, the
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rescinding of her plea, and the dismissal of the Commonwealth’s case. See
42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9546(a). If a petition was filed like a PCRA, if it argues like a
PCRA, and if it seeks relief like a PCRA, it is a PCRA.
Accordingly, we agree with the trial court’s conclusion that Appellant’s
petition was a PCRA petition, over which it had no jurisdiction. The court
correctly held that Appellant:
filed her petition in the context of what appears to be a
request for a PCRA, as noted above. A PCRA can only be
filed when a defendant is serving a sentence of
incarceration, or is on probation or parole. See 42 Pa.C.S.A.
§ 9543(a)(1); Commonwealth v. Volk, 138 A.3d 659, (Pa.
Super. 2016). Here, [Appellant] is not incarcerated, nor is
she on probation or parole. Therefore, this Court is without
jurisdiction to hear a claim for PCRA relief.
Trial Court Opinion, 7/13/18, at 9. Because the trial court lacked jurisdiction
to hear Appellant’s PCRA petition, it rightly denied her relief.
As a final note, Appellant’s argument that filing this Petition for
Extraordinary Relief was the only way she could address the errors of the trial
court is without merit. Nothing in the record indicates that Appellant used the
time during her two continuances to seek discovery of the dog’s medical
records from the Pennsylvania Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
(PSPCA).5 Inexplicably, she did not request the records until after the
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5 Counsel entered her appearance on June 6, 2018 when she filed an appeal
from the Magisterial District Court. The trial did not take place until December
22, 2018. The trial court opinion indicates some pre-trial discovery was
denied, but was not mandated by Brady. T.C.O., 7/13/18, at *7, n.3. A
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hearing. She also does not explain why, after receiving those records on
January 2, 2018, she delayed another three-and-a-half months – until April
27, 2018 – to file her petition for relief. She could have requested relief from
the trial court within 30 days of her hearing, while the court still had
jurisdiction, but she did not. See 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 5505 (allowing a court to
modify or rescind any order within 30 days of its entry). Thus, as the trial
court found, any way we analyze this, Appellant’s request for relief is untimely.
Order affirmed.
Judge Lazarus joins the Memorandum.
Judge Strassburger concurs in the result.
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Brady violation consists of three elements: (1) suppression by the prosecution
(2) of evidence, whether exculpatory or impeaching, favorable to the
defendant, (3) to the prejudice of the defendant. Com. v. Tedford, 960 A.2d
1, 30 (Pa. 2008) (citation omitted). Significantly, “[n]o violation occurs if the
evidence at issue is available to the defense from non-governmental sources.”
Id. This information was readily available to the defense directly from PSPCA,
a non-profit corporation. Indeed, counsel requested the medical records from
PSPCA 5 days after the trial and received the information 7 days later.
Nothing of record indicates that the Commonwealth had the medical records
in its possession; it appears the Commonwealth only offered the medical bills
into evidence to support its claim for restitution.
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Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 5/29/19
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