Com. v. Jean, J. ( 2016 )

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee
v.
JERRY C C. JEAN,
Appellant No. 2297 EDA 2015
Appeal from the PCRA Order June 30, 2015
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-0008323-2008
BEFORE: FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E., BENDER, P.J.E., and MUSMANNO, J.
MEMORANDUM BY BENDER, P.J.E.: FILED JUNE 14, 2016
Appellant, Jerry C C. Jean, appeals from the post-conviction court’s
June 30, 2015 order denying, as untimely, his second petition under the Post
Conviction Relief Act (PCRA), 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9541-9546. We affirm.
The PCRA court summarized the facts of Appellant’s case as follows:
On April 5, 2008, at approximately 6:00 a.m., [Appellant]
was washing dishes in the house he shared with Jocelyn Desay.
Desay had told [Appellant] to leave the house the day before
and that he was no longer welcome there. [Appellant] and
Desay began to argue and [Appellant] retrieved a razor blade
from his room before returning and stabbing Desay three times
in her neck, severing her right carotid artery, which resulted in
her death. After stabbing Desay, [Appellant] wrapped her body
in a blanket, dragged her body into a bedroom, and hid her body
under the bed before cleaning the scene and leaving the house.
Desay’s body was found by police on April 11, 2008. On April
12, 2008, [Appellant] provided a statement to police in which he
confessed to her murder.
PCRA Court Opinion (PCO), 10/7/15, at 2-3 (citations to the record omitted).
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On October 6, 2011, Appellant entered a negotiated guilty plea to the
offenses of third-degree murder, abuse of a corpse, criminal trespass, and
possessing an instrument of crime. He was sentenced that same day to the
negotiated term of 28½ to 57 years’ imprisonment. Appellant did not file an
appeal from his judgment of sentence.
On April 12, 2012, Appellant filed a timely, pro se PCRA petition.
Counsel was appointed, but he subsequently filed a petition to withdraw and
‘no merit’ letter in accordance with Commonwealth v. Turner, 544 A.2d
927 (Pa. 1988), and Commonwealth v. Finley, 550 A.2d 213 (Pa. Super.
1988) (en banc). The court ultimately dismissed Appellant’s petition, and
granted counsel’s petition to withdraw, by order entered September 4, 2013.
Appellant did not file an appeal.
On August 21, 2014, Appellant filed his second pro se PCRA petition,
which underlies the present appeal. Therein, he raised various claims of
ineffective assistance of trial counsel. Appellant also alleged that he
satisfied the governmental interference and after-discovered evidence
exceptions to the PCRA’s one-year time bar. See 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1)(i)
and (ii). On June 3, 2015, the PCRA court issued a Pa.R.Crim.P. 907 notice
of its intent to dismiss Appellant’s petition. Appellant did not respond, and
on June 30, 2015, the court issued an order dismissing his petition as being
untimely filed.
Appellant filed a timely notice of appeal. On July 27, 2015, the PCRA
court ordered Appellant to file a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement of errors
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complained of on appeal. That order provided Appellant with 21 days to file
the statement, and explicitly declared that, “[a]ny issues not contained in a
Concise Statement of Errors Complained of on Appeal that is both timely
filed of record with the lower court and timely served on the trial judge in
accordance with the terms of this ORDER will be deemed to have been
waived.” Rule 1925(b) Order, 7/27/15. Nevertheless, Appellant failed to file
a Rule 1925(b) statement.1 On October 7, 2015, the PCRA court issued a
Rule 1925(a) opinion explaining why the claims raised in Appellant’s petition
failed to satisfy any exception to the PCRA’s timeliness requirement.
Herein, Appellant presents one question for our review: “Did the PCRA
[c]ourt error [sic] in dismissing Appellant’s PCRA without considering or
addressing the timeliness exceptions Appellant raised or allowing him to
develop a factual basis?” Appellant’s Brief at 4 (unnumbered).
Appellant has waived this claim for our review. The court’s Rule
1925(b) order clearly advised Appellant of the time within which he had to
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1
We acknowledge that the PCRA court cites to a Rule 1925(b) statement in
its opinion. See PCO at 2, 6. However, the lower court’s docket does not
contain any entry for Appellant’s Rule 1925(b) statement, and no concise
statement is included in the certified record. The court’s order explicitly
informed Appellant his statement had to be filed of record and served on the
PCRA judge. Thus, even if Appellant served the judge with a Rule 1925(b)
statement, his failure to also file that statement results in the waiver of his
claim. See Commonwealth v. Butler, 812 A.2d 631, 634 (Pa. 2002)
(stating “Rule 1925 is not satisfied when an appellant merely mails his Rule
1925(b) statement to the presiding judge[,]” and holding that failure to
properly file a concise statement waives any issues that may have been
raised).
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file a concise statement, and informed him that any issues not raised in a
timely-filed statement would be deemed waived. Appellant did not file any
Rule 1925(b) statement. Therefore, his issue is waived, regardless of the
fact that the PCRA court filed a Rule 1925(a) opinion addressing Appellant’s
claims. Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)(4)(vii) (“Issues not included in the Statement
and/or not raised in accordance with the provisions of this paragraph (b)(4)
are waived.”); In re L.M., (“If an appellant does not comply with an order to
file a Rule 1925(b) statement, all issues on appeal are waived--even if the
Rule 1925(b) statement was served on the trial judge who subsequently
addressed in an opinion the issues raised in the Rule 1925(b) statement.”)
(citing Commonwealth v. Schofield, 888 A.2d 771, 773-74 (Pa. 2005)).
In any event, even had Appellant preserved his claim, we would find
no error in the PCRA court’s decision to dismiss his petition. This Court’s
standard of review regarding an order denying a petition under the PCRA is
whether the determination of the PCRA court is supported by the evidence of
record and is free of legal error. Commonwealth v. Ragan, 923 A.2d
1169, 1170 (Pa. 2007). This Court is required to first address the timeliness
of a PCRA petition, because the PCRA’s time limitations implicate our
jurisdiction and may not be altered or disregarded in order to address the
merits of a claim. Commonwealth v. Bennett, 930 A.2d 1264, 1267 (Pa.
2007). Under the PCRA, any petition for post-conviction relief, including a
second or subsequent one, must be filed within one year of the date the
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judgment of sentence becomes final, unless one of the following exceptions
set forth in 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1)(i)-(iii) applies:
(b) Time for filing petition.--
(1) Any petition under this subchapter, including a second
or subsequent petition, shall be filed within one year of the
date the judgment becomes final, unless the petition
alleges and the petitioner proves that:
(i) the failure to raise the claim previously was the
result of interference by government officials with
the presentation of the claim in violation of the
Constitution or laws of this Commonwealth or the
Constitution or laws of the United States;
(ii) the facts upon which the claim is predicated were
unknown to the petitioner and could not have been
ascertained by the exercise of due diligence; or
(iii) the right asserted is a constitutional right that
was recognized by the Supreme Court of the United
States or the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania after
the time period provided in this section and has been
held by that court to apply retroactively.
42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1)(i)-(iii). Any petition attempting to invoke one of
these exceptions “shall be filed within 60 days of the date the claim could
have been presented.” 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(2).
Here, Appellant’s judgment of sentence became final in 2011 and thus,
his petition filed in 2014 is patently untimely and, for this Court to have
jurisdiction to review the merits thereof, Appellant must prove that he meets
one of the exceptions to the timeliness requirements set forth in 42 Pa.C.S.
§ 9545(b). As mentioned, supra, Appellant argues that he meets both the
after-discovered evidence exception of section 9545(b)(1)(ii), and the
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governmental interference exception of section 9545(b)(1)(i). We will
address these arguments in turn.
First, Appellant contends that he “suffers from severe mental illness”
that precluded him from ascertaining the facts on which his claim is based,
i.e., the ineffectiveness of his trial counsel, until August 20, 2014, when
another inmate, Ravanna Spencer, researched and discovered these claims
and informed Appellant of them. See Appellant’s Brief at 7 (unnumbered)
(relying on Commonwealth v. Cruz, 852 A.2d 287, 293 (Pa. 2003)
(holding that “in some circumstances, claims that were defaulted due to the
PCRA petitioner’s mental incompetence may qualify under the statutory
after-discovered evidence exception” of section 9545(b)(1)(ii))).
In rejecting Appellant’s argument, the PCRA court reasoned as follows:
[Appellant] asserts that his claims were unknown to him
because of his mental health, and that he “discovered” his claims
after a jailhouse paralegal reviewed his case. However, “the
general rule [is] that mental illness or psychological condition,
absent more, will not serve as an exception to the PCRA’s
jurisdictional time requirements.” Commonwealth v. Monaco,
996 A.2d 1076, 1081 (Pa. Super. 2010). The exception is where
mental illness or incompetence prevents a defendant from timely
raising or communicating claims. Id. at 1080-1081 (citing
Commonwealth v. Cruz, 852 A.2d 287, 294-97 (Pa. 2004)).
That exception was applied in Cruz, where the defendant was
“lobotomized” as a result of a self[-]inflicted gunshot wound and
was unable to discuss the facts of his case with his attorney at
the time of [his nolo contendere plea]. Cruz, 852 A.2d at 288.
Despite being unable to “discuss the facts of [his] case in [any
sort of] sensible way” with his attorney, and without an
investigation into his competency, Cruz entered a nolo
contendere plea. Id. The Supreme Court remanded the matter
to permit Cruz to attempt to prove that he was incompetent at
the time of his plea and that this incompetence constituted
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newly discovered evidence that was only discovered upon his
return to competency. Id. at 297.
The case at bar clearly does not fall within the Cruz
exception. Here, unlike in Cruz, [Appellant’s] competency to
stand trial was investigated. Prior to the guilty plea hearing,
[Appellant] was committed to Norristown State Hospital for
treatment and [a] competency evaluation. [Appellant] was later
found competent to stand trial and only thereafter did the court
accept [Appellant’s] guilty plea. In addition, the [c]ourt
conducted an extensive oral colloquy of [Appellant] at the time
of his plea to determine that [he] voluntarily and intelligently
waived his right to trial. At the time of the guilty plea,
[Appellant] stated that, while he was suffering from
schizophrenia, the illness was in remission and he was being
treated with medication.
Moreover, after [Appellant] filed his First Petition, PCRA
counsel was appointed by the [c]ourt to evaluate the case for
any potential claims. At no time did [Appellant] contend that he
was incompetent during the pendency of the First Petition.
Accordingly, the record establishes that unlike the defendant in
Cruz, the mental health of [Appellant] here did not prevent him
from timely raising claims either at the time of his guilty plea or
[at] the time of his timely filed First Petition. Therefore,
[Appellant’s] mental health cannot give rise to newly discovered
evidence that could render his Second Petition to be timely.
Monaco, 996 A.2d at 1080-1083; see Commonwealth v.
Liebensperger, 904 A.2d 40, 46-48 (Pa. Super. 2006)
(defendant’s mental health not an exception to the PCRA time
bar as defendant was evaluated for competence to stand trial,
was found competent, and was able to cooperate with counsel).
PCO at 4-6 (citations to the record omitted).
After reviewing Appellant’s argument, the record, our Supreme Court’s
decision in Cruz, and the other cases cited by the PCRA court, we ascertain
no error in the court’s conclusion that Cruz is distinguishable from the facts
of Appellant’s case. Namely, Appellant’s competency was investigated prior
to his plea, and he was found to be competent. Additionally, he does not
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contend that he was incompetent during his first PCRA proceeding, wherein
he could have asserted the claims of trial counsel’s ineffectiveness he now
seeks to litigate. Accordingly, the PCRA court did not err in concluding that
Appellant failed to meet the exception of section 9545(b)(1)(ii) based on his
mental illness.
Next, Appellant maintains that he meets the governmental
interference exception of section 9545(b)(1)(i) because the Department of
Corrections (DOC) prohibits inmates from obtaining legal assistance from
other inmates, and it does not offer inmates access to an “adequate law
library” or “people trained in law to assist inmates in [the] preparation of
documents.” Appellant’s Brief at 9 (unnumbered). Appellant claims that
the DOC’s policies deny him “access to the courts,” thus constituting
governmental interference under section 9545(b)(1)(i). Id.Again, the PCRA court’s analysis of Appellant’s claim confirms that it
did not err in dismissing his petition:
[Appellant] cannot demonstrate that his petition is timely
under the governmental interference exception to the PCRA time
bar. In his Second Petition, [Appellant] asserted that his Petition
was timely under this exception as the Commonwealth had
restricted his right to access the courts by: 1) providing a prison
law library which [Appellant] was unable to utilize due to his
mental capacity; 2) no longer providing outside legal assistance
to [Appellant]; and 3) prohibiting inmates from assisting each
other in their legal preparations. However, [Appellant] filed a
timely First Petition[,] which was reviewed by appointed counsel.
Additionally, [Appellant’s] ability to access help in the filing of his
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Second Petition belies his claim that the prison prevented him
from getting such help.[2] Moreover, the Unites States Supreme
Court has held that there is no constitutional right to a jailhouse
lawyer. Shaw v. Murphy, 121 S.Ct. 1475 (2001); see also
Bronson v. Horn, 830 A.2d 1092, 1096 (Cmw[l]th[.] Ct. 2003)
(“there is no right to a jailhouse lawyer”). As the
Commonwealth did not prevent [Appellant] from presenting his
claims in a timely manner, [his] reliance upon this exception is
unavailing.
PCO at 6-7 (citations to the record omitted).
We agree with the court’s rationale. Notably, Appellant was
represented by PCRA counsel during the disposition of his first petition. He
does not allege that the at-issue DOC policies somehow precluded his PCRA
attorney from raising the ineffectiveness of counsel claims that Appellant
presented in his instant petition. Accordingly, Appellant has not
demonstrated that his “failure to raise the claim previously was the result of
interference by government officials with the presentation of the claim….”
42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1)(i). Accordingly, the PCRA court did not err in
concluding that Appellant failed to satisfy the governmental interference
exception to the PCRA’s one-year time-bar.
Order affirmed.
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2
Appellant’s present PCRA petition and his appellate brief were prepared by
another inmate, Ravanna Spencer. See Appellant’s Brief at 7.
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Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 6/14/2016
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