National Agency Development v. AF&L Insurance Co. ( 2016 )

J. A15022/16
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
NATIONAL AGENCY DEVELOPMENT, : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
INC. AND CAREFREE INSURANCE : PENNSYLVANIA
MANAGEMENT, INC., :
:
v. :
:
AF&L INSURANCE COMPANY, INC., :
:
Appellant : No. 1744 EDA 2015
:
Appeal from the Order Entered May 14, 2015
In the Court of Common Pleas of Bucks County
Civil Division at No(s): 2015-00117
BEFORE: FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E., DUBOW, J., and JENKINS, J.
MEMORANDUM BY DUBOW, J.: FILED AUGUST 04, 2016
Appellant, AF&L Insurance Company, Inc., appeals from the May 14,
2015, Order entered in the Bucks County Court of Common Pleas denying
Appellant’s Petition to Stay and Set Aside Writ of Execution (“Petition to
Stay”). After careful review, we conclude that (i) the amount subject to
execution does not fall within the terms of AF&L’s agreement with the
Pennsylvania Insurance Department, and (ii) the trial court did not abuse its
discretion in finding no equitable grounds sufficient to grant the Petition to
Stay. Therefore, we affirm.
The trial court summarized the factual and procedural history as
follows.
AF&L Insurance Company, Inc. (“AF&L”) is a Pennsylvania
insurance company specializing in long-term care insurance for
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individuals in nursing homes or assisted-care facilities. AF&L has
twenty-nine (29) employees, nine (9) of which are part-time.
Their annual payroll is approximately $2 million dollars.
Benedict Iacovetti was hired as the Chief Financial Officer of
AF&L in July of 2002. After AF&L experienced financial
instability, Iacovetti assumed the role of the company's
President in 2007. Iacovetti testified that insurance companies
in Pennsylvania have certain minimum requirements regarding
the amount of capital surplus in order to lawfully operate within
the Commonwealth. At [a hearing on the Petition] Mr. Iacovetti
testified that AF&L was required to maintain a minimum capital
surplus of $1,650,000.00. AF&L's most recent financial
statements indicated a capital surplus of only $1,600.00. [On
cross-examination, however, Iocovetti admitted that a recent
quarterly statement shows Appellant has approximately
$161,348,543.00 in total assets.]
By year's end in 2004, AF&L had approximately $20 million in
pending claims and expected additional claims. In response to
the company's unstable financial condition, the Pennsylvania
Insurance Department initiated a Supervisory Order. AF&L was
instructed by the Insurance Department, among other requests,
to refrain from selling any new insurance policies.
Following negotiations with the Pennsylvania Insurance
Department, AF&L entered into a “Confidential Agreement”
[(“Confidential Agreement”)] on February 25, 2005. The
Agreement was signed by AF&L's Chief Executive Officer Jim
McDermott, as well as Insurance Department Commissioner
Steven Johnson. According to lacovetti, the Agreement was
intended to protect the remaining assets of AF&L from misuse or
dissipation. Furthermore, it provided an opportunity for AF&L to
avoid either formal rehabilitation or its outright liquidation. AF&L
has allegedly complied with all aspects of the [Confidential]
Agreement, and has not sold any new insurance policies since
entering the [Confidential] Agreement in February 2005. They
do, however, continue to collect premiums from policyholders,
which they then use to compensate agents and to pay taxes.
In 2008, the Circuit Court of the 11th Judicial Circuit for Miami-
Dade County, Florida entered a judgment in the amount of
$541,651.63 against AF&L and in favor of National Agency
Development, Inc. and Carefree Insurance Management, Inc. In
order to satisfy this judgment, National Agency Development,
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Inc. and Carefree Insurance Management, Inc., garnished funds
on deposit from AF&L's accounts at Santander Bank on February
19, 2015. These funds are being held in escrow by the attorney
for National Agency Development, Inc. and Carefree Insurance
Management, Inc.
Trial Court Opinion, filed 8/26/15, at 1-3.
Appellant filed a Petition to Stay and Set Aside the Writ of Execution
upon the Florida judgment. After a hearing, the trial court denied the
Petition to Stay by Order filed May 14, 2015. Appellant timely appealed, and
both Appellant and the trial court complied with Pa.R.A.P. 1925.
Appellant raises the following two issues for our review:
A. Whether the trial court erred in denying AF&L's Petition to
Stay and Set Aside the Writ of Execution and the distribution of
garnished funds held by Appellees' counsel where the unrefuted
evidence established that AF&L, due to its hazardous financial
condition, entered into an agreement with the Insurance
Department that prohibits the transfer of AF&L's funds without
the Insurance Department's approval.
B. Whether the trial court abused its discretion in finding that
there were no strong equitable reasons present to grant AF&L's
Petition to Stay and Set Aside the Writ of Execution where
Pa.C.R.P. 3121 where [sic] AF&L presented unrefuted evidence
that the garnished funds belong to its policyholders and further
that public policy favors the Insurance Department's efforts to
informally rehabilitate AF&L.
Appellant’s Brief at 5.
Our Supreme Court has held that while “the power to stay execution of
a judgment is necessary to prevent injustice, it should never be exercised
unless the case is plain, and the equity of the party asking the interposition
of the court is free from doubt or difficulty.” Pennsylvania Company For
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Insurances, etc. v. Scott, 198 A. 115, 122 (Pa. 1938). When reviewing a
trial court’s denial of a petition to stay a writ of execution, this Court gives
great deference to the trial court’s determinations, and will not disturb the
trial court’s ruling “unless our review of the record reveals a clear abuse of
discretion or error of law below.” Anmuth v. Chagan, 485 A.2d 769, 771
(Pa. Super. 1984).
With this standard of review in mind, we address the arguments raised
by Appellant.
Interpreting the Confidential Agreement
At the heart of Appellant’s first issue is a disagreement between the
parties regarding the proper interpretation of the Confidential Agreement
between Appellant and the Pennsylvania Insurance Department. Appellant
argues that the terms of the Confidential Agreement would have barred
Appellant from voluntarily transferring funds to satisfy the judgment and
that Appellees were therefore barred from obtaining the funds involuntarily
through a writ of execution. Appellant’s Brief at 14-22.
Our standard of review when interpreting a contract, such as the
Confidential Agreement, is well settled:
The interpretation of any contract is a question of law and this
Court’s scope of review is plenary. Moreover, we need not defer
to the conclusions of the trial court and are free to draw our own
inferences. In interpreting a contract, the ultimate goal is to
ascertain and give effect to the intent of the parties as
reasonably manifested by the language of their written
agreement. When construing agreements involving clear and
unambiguous terms, this Court need only examine the writing
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itself to give effect to the parties’ understanding. This Court
must construe the contract only as written and may not modify
the plain meaning under the guise of interpretation.
Stephan v. Waldron Elec. Heating and Cooling LLC, 100 A.3d 660, 665
(Pa. Super. 2014) (internal quotation marks and citations omitted).
When determining whether the language of a contract is unambiguous,
this Court looks to whether “we can determine its meaning without any
guide other than a knowledge of the simple facts on which, from the nature
of the language in general, its meaning depends.” State Farm Fire & Cas.
Co. v. PECO, 54 A.3d 921, 928 (Pa. Super. 2012) (internal quotation
omitted). “When terms in a contract are not defined, we must construe the
words in accordance with their natural, plain, and ordinary meaning.” Id.
Appellant’s Brief to this Court highlights four paragraphs of the
Confidential Agreement which, Appellant summarily argues, barred the
transfer of funds in this case. Those terms provide:
6. AF &L shall not make any single withdrawal of monies from its
bank accounts nor make any single disbursement, payment, or
transfer of assets in an amount exceeding 5% of its then
aggregate cash and investments without the Department's prior
written approval. The withdrawal of funds for investment
purposes in compliance with Paragraph 7, below, shall not be
subject to this paragraph.
***
9. AF &L shall not loan monies to any person without the
Department's prior written approval. Any loans provided for in
policies of insurance shall not be subject to this paragraph.
10. AF &L shall not execute any new pledge or assignment of
any of its assets without the Department's prior written
approval. AF &L shall not, in any transaction or series of related
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transactions, dispose of any fixed assets of plant, property or
equipment having a book value of $100,000 or more, without
the Department's prior written approval.
***
19. AF &L shall not consummate any material transactions, as
defined in Chapter 27 of Title 31 of the Pennsylvania Code, with
any person (whether or not affiliated) without the Department's
prior written approval.
Confidential Letter of Agreement, dated 2/25/05, at 2-4.1
It is clear that the plain and unambiguous language of paragraphs 9
and 10 do not apply to the garnishment at issue. Paragraph 9 bars
Appellant from loaning monies; the payment of a judgment, whether
voluntarily or involuntarily, is not a loan. Paragraph 10 prohibits certain
pledges, assignments, and the disposal of certain fixed tangible assets.
Again, the payment of a judgment cannot reasonably be understood as a
pledge, assignment, or disposal. Appellant has not presented any evidence
or argument to this Court suggesting how these paragraphs could be
understood to apply to this transfer.
Paragraphs 6 and 19 both include language requiring written
authorization for any transfer involving more than five percent of Appellant’s
assets. Appellant argues that the proper inquiry is whether the garnished
amount, $541,651.63, is more than five percent of their capital surplus, in
this case $1,600.00. Because we instead conclude that the broad, but
1
The Confidential Agreement does define any of the terms therein.
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unambiguous, language in paragraphs 6 and 19 refers to Appellant’s total
assets of $161,348,543.00, we conclude that neither paragraph requires the
approval of the Insurance Commissioner prior to the instant garnishment.
In particular, paragraph 19 prohibits certain material transactions,
with the term “material transaction” defined by reference to Chapter 27 of
Title 31 of the Pennsylvania Code. The Code requires “disclosure of material
acquisitions or disposition of assets” where three requirements are met:
(1) A single transaction, or a series of related transactions
during a 30-day period, involves more than 5% of the insurer's
total admitted assets as reported in the insurer's most recent
annual statutory financial statement filed with the Department.
(2) The transaction is nonrecurring.
(3) The transaction is not in the ordinary course of business.
31 Pa. Code § 27.3 (emphasis added). Similarly, Paragraph 6 places limits
on Appellant’s ability to transfer more than five percent of its “then
aggregate cash and investments.”
Because they are not defined in the agreement, we consider the
natural, plain, and ordinary meaning of the phrases “total admitted assets”
and “then aggregate cash and investments.” See State Farm Fire & Cas.
Co., supra at 928. It is readily apparent that these phrases broadly
encompass the total assets claimed by Appellant, and not some subset
thereof. Construing either phrase to mean only Appellant’s capital surplus
would require this Court to impermissibly “modify the plain meaning under
the guise of interpretation.” Stephan, supra at 665.
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Having determined that paragraphs 6 and 19 only apply to
transactions of more than five percent of Appellant’s total assets, we turn to
the garnishment at issue in this case. Appellant’s recently reported assets,
testified to at trial, are $161,348,543.00. The garnishment amount,
$541,651.63, represents less than one percent of Appellant’s total assets,
making Paragraphs 6 and 19 inapplicable. Therefore, we conclude that the
Confidential Agreement has no bearing on the garnishment of this judgment,
and Appellant is not entitled to relief on this claim.
Equitable Grounds for Granting Stay
Appellant next argues that the trial court erred in denying the stay of
execution “where Pa.C.R.P. 3121 merely requires a showing of any equitable
ground.” Appellant’s Brief at 22-23. According to Appellant, because it
presented evidence suggesting the garnished funds “belong to its
policyholders” and that public policy favors the rehabilitation of distressed
insurance companies, Appellant is entitled to a stay on equitable grounds.
Appellant’s reliance on Pa.C.R.P. 3121 is misplaced.
Rule 3121, which governs a court’s authority to stay or set aside an
execution of judgment, states in relevant part:
(b) Execution may be stayed by the court as to all or any part of
the property of the defendant upon its own motion or application
of any party in interest showing
(1) a defect in the writ, levy or service; or
(2) any other legal or equitable ground therefor.
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***
(d) The court may on application of any party in interest set
aside the writ, service or levy
(1) for a defect therein;
(2) upon a showing of exemption or immunity of
property from execution, or
(3) upon any other legal or equitable ground
therefor.
Pa.C.R.P. 3121 (emphasis added). Importantly, neither subsection
mandates that a trial court must grant relief upon a showing of equitable
grounds.
In the instant case, the trial court properly considered the arguments
put forth by Appellant, as well as Appellee’s arguments against finding
equitable grounds for relief. The trial court then acknowledged, on the
record, its discretion to set aside the writ “on any legal ground or equitable
ground” before ultimately declining to exercise its discretion in the interest
of justice. N.T. 5/13/16 at 55. Seeing no abuse of discretion, based on our
review of the record and the arguments of the parties, we conclude that
Appellant is not entitled to relief on this claim.
Based on the foregoing, we affirm the trial court’s May 14, 2015 Order
denying Appellant’s Petition to Stay and Set Aside Writ of Execution.
Order affirmed. Jurisdiction relinquished.
President Judge Emeritus joins the memorandum.
Judge Jenkins concurs in result.
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Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 8/4/2016
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