Com. v. Shenk, K. ( 2019 )

J-S18038-19
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
KEVIN ANDREW SHENK :
:
Appellant : No. 1321 MDA 2018
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered July 19, 2018
In the Court of Common Pleas of Lancaster County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-36-CR-0005517-2011
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
KEVIN ANDREW SHENK :
:
Appellant : No. 1322 MDA 2018
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered July 19, 2018
In the Court of Common Pleas of Lancaster County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-36-CR-0005519-2011
BEFORE: BOWES, J., NICHOLS, J., and STEVENS*, P.J.E.
MEMORANDUM BY STEVENS, P.J.E.: FILED APRIL 24, 2019
Appellant, Kevin Andrew Shenk, appeals pro se from the July 19, 2018,
order entered in the Court of Common Pleas of Lancaster County dismissing
his serial petition filed under the Post Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”), 42
Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546. After a careful review, we affirm.
The relevant facts and procedural history are as follows:
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* Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
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The Commonwealth charged Appellant with solicitation to
commit statutory sexual assault, unlawful contact with a minor,
corruption of a minor, and terroristic threats at case number
5517-2011.1
1 The terroristic threats charge was dismissed at a preliminary hearing.
In addition, at case number 5519-2011, the Commonwealth
alleged Appellant committed twenty-four counts of possession of
child pornography. Prior to these two sets of charges being
leveled, Appellant had entered a guilty plea to two sex offenses
that transpired on different dates. However, the guilty plea and
sentencing for those crimes occurred on the same date. Based on
these prior convictions, Appellant was subject to a mandatory
minimum sentence under 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9718.2.
The Commonwealth indicated that, if Appellant proceeded
to trial, it would seek life imprisonment under its interpretation of
the governing statute. The statute authorized life imprisonment
for a third-time offender. Appellant, on the advice of counsel,
entered a negotiated guilty plea. In exchange for Appellant’s plea,
the Commonwealth agreed to a sentence of twenty-five to fifty
years incarceration to be followed by eight years probation. The
prison sentenced equaled the mandatory minimum for a second-
time offender under [Section] 9718.2. During the plea
proceeding, Appellant was informed that if his sentences were run
consecutively, he could be sentenced to a maximum of 1,311
years imprisonment. The court thereafter, on July 12, 2012,
accepted Appellant’s plea and sentenced Appellant to twenty-five
to fifty years incarceration and eight years probation. Appellant
filed a motion to withdraw [his guilty plea on January 3, 2013],
which the court denied.2 Appellant did not file a direct appeal.
2 The court further ordered a sexually violent predator assessment to
be conducted by the Sexual Offenders Assessment Board. This
assessment was performed after the sentencing and an SVP hearing was
conducted on April 23, 2013. The court found Appellant to be an SVP.
This Court has previously upheld the jurisdiction of a court to hold a
sexually violent predator hearing after sentencing.
Commonwealth v. Shenk, 664 MDA 2014, *1-4 (Pa.Super. filed 12/4/14)
(unpublished memorandum) (footnote and citation omitted).
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On July 1, 2013, Appellant filed a timely pro se PCRA petition, and the
PCRA court appointed counsel, who filed an amended PCRA petition on
November 1, 2013. Following a PCRA hearing, the PCRA court denied
Appellant’s PCRA petition, and Appellant filed a timely appeal to this Court.
On December 4, 2014, this Court affirmed the PCRA court’s denial of
Appellant’s first PCRA petition. Appellant did not file a petition for allowance
of appeal with our Supreme Court.
On March 16, 2015, Appellant filed a second pro se PCRA petition, and
the PCRA court appointed counsel, who filed a petition seeking to withdraw
his representation, as well as a Turner/Finley1 no-merit letter. The PCRA
court permitted counsel to withdraw and denied Appellant’s PCRA petition.
Appellant did not file an appeal to this Court.
On May 18, 2018, Appellant filed a third pro se PCRA petition, and on
June 26, 2018, the PCRA court provided Appellant with notice of its intent to
dismiss without an evidentiary hearing. By order entered on July 19, 2018,
the PCRA court dismissed Appellant’s PCRA petition, and Appellant filed a
timely pro se notice of appeal on August 10, 2018.2
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1 Commonwealth v. Turner, 518 Pa. 491, 544 A.2d 927 (1988);
Commonwealth v. Finley, 550 A.2d 213 (Pa.Super. 1988).
2 Appellant filed two separate notices of appeal, one for each lower court
docket number. However, this Court consolidated the appeals on October 15,
2018.
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Preliminarily, we must determine whether Appellant’s instant PCRA
petition was timely filed. See Commonwealth v. Hutchins, 760 A.2d 50(Pa.Super. 2000). In reviewing the propriety of the PCRA court’s dismissal of
Appellant’s petition, we are limited to determining whether the PCRA court’s
findings are supported by the record, and whether the order is free of legal
error. Commonwealth v. Allen, 557 Pa. 135, 732 A.2d 582 (1999).
Pennsylvania law makes it clear that no court has jurisdiction to hear an
untimely PCRA petition. Commonwealth v. Robinson, 575 Pa. 500, 837
A.2d 1157 (2003). The PCRA provides that a PCRA petition, including a second
or subsequent petition, shall be filed within one year of the date the underlying
judgment becomes final. 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1). A judgment is deemed
final “at the conclusion of direct review, including discretionary review in the
Supreme Court of the United States and the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania,
or at the expiration of the time for seeking review.” 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(3).
The three statutory exceptions to the timeliness provisions in the PCRA
allow for very limited circumstances under which the late filing of a petition
will be excused. 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1). To invoke an exception, a petition
must allege and the petitioner must prove:
(i) the failure to raise a claim previously was the result of
interference by government officials with the
presentation of the claim in violation of the Constitution
or the law of this Commonwealth or the Constitution or
law of the United States;
(ii) the facts upon which the claim is predicated were
unknown to the petitioner and could not have been
ascertained by the exercise of due diligence; or
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(iii) the right asserted is a constitutional right that was
recognized by the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania after
the time period provided in this section and has been held
by that court to apply retroactively.
42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1)(i)-(iii).
In the case at bar, after Appellant pled guilty to numerous charges, on
July 12, 2012, the trial court sentenced Appellant, and on April 23, 2013,
Appellant was deemed to be a sexually violent predator. Appellant did not file
a direct appeal to this Court, and, thus, his judgment of sentence became final
thirty days later on May 23, 2013. See Commonwealth v. Schrader, 141
A.3d 558, 561 (Pa.Super. 2016) (holding where the defendant pleads guilty
the judgment of sentence cannot become final until the sexually violent
predator determination is made); Pa.R.A.P. 903(a) (notice of appeal shall be
filed within thirty days after the entry of the order from which the appeal is
taken). Appellant’s current petition, filed on May 18, 2018, was clearly filed
more than one year of the date the underlying judgment became final.
Accordingly, the petition is facially untimely.
Appellant does not recognize that his instant PCRA petition is untimely;
but rather, he asserts his petition has merit since his mandatory minimum
sentence is illegal under Commonwealth v. Hopkins, 632 Pa. 36, 117 A.3d
247 (2015), Commonwealth v. Wolfe, 636 Pa. 37, 140 A.3d 651 (2016),
and Commonwealth v. Blakney, 152 A.3d 1053 (Pa.Super. 2016).
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However, as indicated supra, the courts have no jurisdiction to address the
merits of an untimely PCRA petition.3
In any event, assuming, arguendo, Appellant intended to invoke the
third timeliness exception, that the decisions cited supra satisfy the newly
recognized constitutional right exception to the PCRA’s time bar under
Subsection 9545(b)(1)(iii), such reliance would not satisfy the timeliness
exception.
In Hopkins, supra, our Supreme Court held the mandatory minimum
sentence under 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 6317(a), pertaining to drug delivery in a school
zone, is unconstitutional under Alleyne.4 In Wolfe, supra, our Supreme
Court held that 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9718, the statute providing a mandatory
minimum sentence for involuntary deviate sexual intercourse crimes, is
unconstitutional under Alleyne. In Blakney, supra, this Court held 18
Pa.C.S.A. § 9781.4, failing to register, is unconstitutional under Alleyne.
However, our Supreme Court has held that Alleyne does not apply
retroactively to collateral attacks upon mandatory minimum sentences
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3 See Commonwealth v. Miller, 102 A.3d 988, 995 (Pa.Super. 2014)
(“though not technically waivable, a legality of sentence claim may
nevertheless be lost should it be raised…in an untimely PCRA petition for which
no time-bar exception applies, thus depriving the court of jurisdiction over the
claim.”) (quotation marks and quotation omitted)).
4 Alleyne v. United States, 570 U.S. 99, 133 S.Ct. 2151 (2013) (holding any
fact that increases mandatory minimum sentence for a crime is considered an
element of the crime for fact-finder to find beyond reasonable doubt).
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advanced in PCRA proceedings. See Commonwealth v. Washington, 636
Pa. 301, 142 A.3d 810 (2016) (holding Alleyne does not apply retroactively
to cases pending on collateral review). Moreover, since Alleyne is not
retroactive to cases pending on collateral review, the derivate cases applying
Alleyne are not retroactive. See Commonwealth v. Whitehawk, 146 A.3d
266 (Pa.Super. 2016) (holding Hopkins did not announce new constitutional
rule but merely applied Alleyne to a particular mandatory minimum statute,
and even if it had, neither U.S. Supreme Court nor Pennsylvania Supreme
Court has held Alleyne or Hopkins applies retroactively on collateral review).
Therefore, to the extent these cases are otherwise relevant to Appellant’s
case, Appellant has failed to satisfy the newly-recognized constitutional right
exception to the PCRA time-bar. See 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1)(iii).
Furthermore, Appellant suggests his sexually violent predator
designation is illegal under our Supreme Court’s decision in Commonwealth
v. Muniz, 640 Pa. 699, 164 A.3d 1189 (2017), which held that certain
registration provisions of Pennsylvania’s Sex Offender Registration and
Notification Act (SORNA) are punitive, and retroactive application thereof
violates the ex post facto clauses of the federal and Pennsylvania
constitutions, and this Court’s subsequent decision in Commonwealth v.
Butler, 173 A.3d 1212 (Pa.Super. 2017), which held that, in light of Muniz,
the process for designating an individual as a sexually violent predator under
SORNA is unconstitutional. To the extent Appellant’s claim implicates the
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timeliness exception of Subsection 9545(b)(1)(iii), that the decisions in Muniz
and Butler satisfy the newly recognized constitutional right exception, such
reliance would not satisfy the timeliness exception.
As this Court held in Commonwealth v. Murphy, 180 A.3d 402(Pa.Super. 2018):
[W]e acknowledge that this Court has declared that “Muniz
created a substantive rule that retroactively applies in the
collateral context.” Commonwealth v. Rivera-Figueroa, 174
A.3d 674, 678 (Pa.Super. 2017). However, because [the
petitioner’s] PCRA petition is untimely (unlike the petition at issue
in Rivera-Figueroa), he must demonstrate that the Pennsylvania
Supreme Court has held that Muniz applies retroactively in order
to satisfy [sub]section 9545(b)(1)(iii). Because at this time, no
such holding has been issued by our Supreme Court, [the
petitioner] cannot rely on Muniz to meet th[e third] timeliness
exception.
Murphy, 180 A.3d at 405-06 (citation omitted).
In other words, this Court concluded that the holding in Muniz does not
apply at this point to untimely-filed PCRA petitions. See Murphy, supra.
Additionally, our Supreme Court has not held that our decision in Butler
applies retroactively, even if Butler could be construed as creating a new
constitutional right.5
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5Appellant also suggests his sentence is illegal in light of Commonwealth v.
Helsel, 53 A.3d 906 (Pa.Super. 2012), which held that where a defendant is
sentenced at the same time for two triggering sex offenses, those crimes
count as one conviction for purposes of Section 9718.2. Assuming, arguendo,
Appellant raised this claim in relation to one of the timeliness exceptions, we
note that a petitioner seeking relief pursuant to a timeliness exception must
adhere to the additional requirement of filing a petition within the time limits
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Accordingly, for all of the foregoing reasons, we conclude Appellant’s
instant PCRA petition was untimely filed, and he has not pled and proven his
entitlement to one of the timeliness exceptions. Thus, he is not entitled to
relief.
Affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 4/24/2019
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of Section 9545(b)(2), which was amended effective December 24, 2018, to
extend the time for filing from sixty days of the date the claim could have
been presented to one year. This Court filed Helsel on September 14, 2012,
and thus, Appellant’s petition, which was filed on May 18, 2018, clearly does
not meet the initial threshold under Section 9545(b)(2).
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