Com. v. Gardner, F. ( 2015 )

J-S28040-15
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee
v.
FELTON LEE GARDNER
Appellant No. 1642 MDA 2014
Appeal from the PCRA Order September 17, 2014
In the Court of Common Pleas of Lancaster County
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-36-CR-0001516-2009
BEFORE: BOWES, J., ALLEN, J., and LAZARUS, J.
MEMORANDUM BY LAZARUS, J.: FILED JULY 07, 2015
Felton Lee Gardner appeals from the order of the Court of Common
Pleas of Lancaster County that dismissed his petition filed pursuant to the
Post Conviction Relief Act.1 After careful review, we affirm based on the
opinion authored by the Honorable Howard F. Knisely.
On June 18, 2010, the trial court sentenced Gardner to 8 years and 6
months to 20 years’ imprisonment after a jury convicted him of aggravated
assault, endangering the welfare of a child, and recklessly endangering
another person (REAP). The convictions arose out of Gardner’s physical
abuse of his three-year-old stepdaughter.
____________________________________________
1
42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9541-9546.
J-S28040-15
Gardner filed a direct appeal to this Court, which affirmed his
judgment of sentence on March 30, 2011. Commonwealth v. Gardner, 26
A.3d 1211 (Pa. Super. 2011) (unpublished memorandum). He then filed a
petition for allowance of appeal, which our Supreme Court denied on
November 10, 2011. Commonwealth v. Gardner, 32 A.3d 1275 (Pa.
2011).
Gardner filed a timely pro se PCRA petition on October 10, 2012. The
court appointed counsel, who filed an amended petition on June 27, 2014.
On August 26, 2014, having received an answer to the petition from the
Commonwealth, the court issued a notice of intent to dismiss the petition
without a hearing pursuant to Pennsylvania Rule of Criminal Procedure 907.
The court dismissed the petition on September 17, 2014.
Gardner filed a timely notice of appeal on September 26, 2014, and in
response to an order from the trial court he filed a statement of errors
complained of on appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) on October 17,
2014. The same day, the trial court filed its Rule 1925(a) opinion, relying on
the 7-page Rule 907 notice that it issued on August 26, 2014.
On appeal, Gardner raises the following issue for our review:
Whether the lower court erred in denying [Gardner’s] PCRA
[petition] when counsel was ineffective by failing to litigate that
the lower court erred when it considered that [Gardner] was
subject to the mandatory minimum sentence of five years[’]
incarceration under 42 Pa.C.S. § 9718(a)(2) even though the
jury never found that the victim was less than the critical age
required by the statute.
-2-
J-S28040-15
Appellant’s Brief, at 4.
In his Rule 1925(a) opinion, which incorporates the Rule 907 notice,
Judge Knisely reviews the appropriate standard for reviewing challenges to
the effectiveness of trial counsel, citing Strickland v. Washington, 466
U.S. 668 (1984) and Commonwealth v. Pierce, 527 A.2d 973 (Pa. 1987).
The focus of Gardner’s petition is that counsel was ineffective for
failing to object at his June 18, 2010 sentencing hearing to the court’s
consideration of the mandatory minimum sentence of five years’
incarceration for a person convicted of aggravated assault where the victim
is less than 13 years of age. See 42 Pa.C.S. § 9718(a)(2). Judge Knisely
notes that pursuant to Alleyne v. United States, 133 S. Ct. 2151 (2013),
the mandatory minimum sentencing provision is unconstitutional. However,
Alleyne was decided after Gardner’s sentencing, and under these
circumstances, trial counsel cannot be ineffective for failing to object to the
mandatory minimum sentence.
Furthermore, although the judge recognized the applicability of the
mandatory minimum sentence at the 2010 sentencing hearing, the
sentencing guidelines did not allow for a sentence as low as the mandatory
minimum in light of the offense gravity score for aggravated assault and
Gardner’s prior record score. Accordingly, Gardner could not establish that
he was prejudiced by the court’s reference to the mandatory minimum
sentence.
-3-
J-S28040-15
After careful review of the parties’ briefs, the record and the relevant
law, we agree with Judge Knisely’s analysis and affirm on the basis of his
opinion. We instruct the parties to attach a copy of Judge Knisely’s decision
in the event of further proceedings.
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 7/7/2015
-4-
Circulated 06/08/2015 11:19 AM
IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF LANCASTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
CRIMTNAL
CO:M:MONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA
vs. No. 1516-2009
FELTON LEE GARDNER
MEMORANDUM
BY: KNISELY,J. October 17, 2014
Defendant Felton Lee Gardner bas appealed to the Superior Court of Pennsylvania from this
Court's dismissal of Defendant's petition for collateral relief filed pursuant to the Post Conviction
Collateral Relief Act ("PCRA").1 Defendant timely filed his PCRA petition on October 2, 2012,
and an amended PCRA petition was filed by counsel on June 27, 2014. By Opinion and Order of
August 25, 2014, the Court provided notice, pursuant to Pa.R.Crim.P. 907, of its intent to dismiss
the petition without a hearing. Defendant's petition was ultimately dismissed by Order of
· September 16, 2014. Defendant filed a timely notice of appeal on September 26, 2014. This
Court's Opinion and Order of August 25, 2014 stated the Court's reasons for dismissal. As such,
the Court submits those filings for purposes of Rule l925(a) of the Pennsylvania Rules of Appellate
Procedure
I certlfy this document to be. filed
IL
BY THE COURT: r-
p ,-,...:,
In the Lancaster County Off1ee of z c:» C-)
~! .!rk of the Courts, 0 -sr- 1
H``-S-E_Y_ C.) Jil
the 1
}::,,
U) \) ~.f,.J
-~'''~\J\lt;>;>.j~P,
Ail,t\,
,§;.~,..•·``o•,.'-i'..:..?k
ii(-',' I
l::f• .. , ·
•.'i:H:,
tt•\\' .~ IJ_ LJ . JUDGE
-;
ni
.?;]
-;
-.)
~,-.-,
t~
tlt:~t ~ti},:f.~ . - ' .. 0
a ·-a
t1:J}J~lt?,.:/J Joshua G. Par$ons .
c;
-~
"--
..... ~
...:... 0
c::
;:o
"-:-,.,;f``t~o: Vin9lffi~ f.1Q````q., 1347 Fruitville Pike, Lancaster, PA 17601 :< (II
c.,.;
--1
(/)
Trista M. Boyd, Assistant District Attorney ~
142 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541~46.
Circulated 06/08/2015 11:19 AM
IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF LANCASTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
CRIMINAL r-
~ ~ 0
0 .c:;-, ,--
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA p :t- rn
v, c:: ;·.o
-; en ;;,
vs. I'll
..,_,
..<.;
N
m
',J.
<.J
. ... ,
Q )=Jo
:r. (;
C)
FELTON LEE GARDNER ,.J
~ c:
::~ ~ ~}
~::< -,1
BY: KNISELY,J.
Ruic 907 Notice ,J c:n
·.Augtist25,
N
2014
(f)
Before the Court is Defendant's petition seeking relief pursuant to the Post Conviction
Relief Act ("PCRA''). 1 Upon review of the petition, the Court is satisfied that Defendant's
petition is meritless and Defendant is not entitled to PCRA relief. The Court submits this Notice,
pursuant to Rule 907 of the Pennsylvania Rules of Criminal Procedure, of its intent to dismiss
Defendant's petition without a hearing. Defendant's petition will be dismissed without a hearing
unless Defendant amends his petition within 20 days and provides a reviewable basis for relief.
BACKGROUND
On March 11, 2010, Defendant was convicted by a jury of one count of Aggravated
Assault," one count of Endangering the Welfare of a Child,3 and one count of Recklessly
Endangering Another Person." Defendant was sentenced on June 18, 2010 to a total term of 8!1i
to 20 years of incarceration. Defendant Wl!S represented by Attorney Karl Rominger at trial. On
July 16, 2010, Defendant filed an appeal; he was represented on appeal by Attorney Vincent
Quinn. The Superior Court of Pennsylvania affirmed the judgment of sentence on Murch 30,
2011. Defendant then sought an allowance of appeal from the Pennsylvania Supreme Court,
which was denied on November 10, 2011. On October 2, 2012, Defendant filed a prose PCRA
petition. Counsel was appointed to represent Defendant and an amended PCRA petition was
1 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-46.
2
18 Pa.C.S.A. §2702.
3 18 Pa.C.S.A. §4304.
4 18 Pa.C.S.A. §2705.
Circulated 06/08/2015 11:19 AM
filed on June 27, 2014, alleging that Trial Counsel was ineffective for failing to object to the
Trial Court's consideration of the mandatory minimum sentence of 5 years of incarceration
because the jury did not find beyond a reasonable doubt that the victim was less than 13 years of
age as required by the Supreme Court's decision in Alleyne v. United States, 133 S. Ct. 2151
(2013). The amended PCRA petition also alleged that even if Trial Counsel was not ineffective,
the imposition of the mandatory minimum sentence is an illegal sentence and that the provision
providing for the relevant mandatory minimum sentence is not severable from the provision
providing that the age of the victim is not an element of an offense.
DISCUSSION
I. Ineffective Assistance of Trial Counsel
Defendant's claim challenges the effectiveness ofhis trial counsel. It is well-established
that counsel is presumed effective. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 689, 104 S. Ct. 2052,
2065 (1984). A PCRA petitioner bears the burden of rebutting that presumption by
demonstrating that counsel's performance was deficient and that such deficiency prejudiced him.
Id The Pennsylvania Supreme Court divided the Strickland standard into three prongs, two
prongs for deficient performance and one prong for prejudice. Com. v. Koehler, 36 A.3d 121,
132 (Pa. 2012) (citing Com. v. Pierce, 515 Pa. 153, 527 A.2d 973, 975 (1987)). The resulting
three prongs to prove counsel ineffective are: (I) the underlying claim has arguable merit; (2)
counsel's actions lacked an objective reasonable basis; and (3) the defendant was prejudiced by
counsel's act or omission. Id. Counsel will not be deemed ineffective if any reasonable basis
exists for his actions, and, even if counsel had no reasonable basis for his actions; a defendant is
2
Circulated 06/08/2015 11:19 AM
not entitled to relief if he fails to demonstrate prejudice. Com. v. Loner, 836 A.2d 125> 133 (Pa.
Super. 2003)(citing Com. v. Douglas, 645 A.2d 226, 231~2)(Pa. 1994)).
Prejudice in the context of ineffective assistance of counsel requires a demonstration that
there was a reasonable probability that but for counsel's error; the outcome of the proceeding
would have been difference. Com. v. Kimball, 724 A.2d 326, 331 (Pa. 1999). "A reasonable
probability is a probability sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome." Com. v.
Chambers, 807 A.2d 872> 883 (Pa. 2002)(quoting Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 694
(1984)). Prejudice occurs when the errors were so serious as to deprive the defendant of a trial
whose result is reliable. id The Pennsylvania Supreme Court has held that courts "cannot
impose upon trial counsel the qualities of a seer.,. For this reason, [courts] examine counsel's
stewardship wider the standards as they existed at the time of his action .. , counsel wiU not be
deemed ineffective for failing to predict future developments in the law," Com. v. Triplett, 38 l
A.2d 877, 881 (Pa. 1977); Com. v. Fowler, 703 A.2d 1027 (Pa. 1987).
In the instant case, Defendant was sentenced on June 18t 2010; the United States
Supreme Court did not decide Alleyne until June 17, 2013, almost exactly three years after
Defendant's sentencing. Because counsel is not required to predict the future, Trial Counsel
cannot be found ineffective for failing to object to the imposition of the mandatory minimum
sentence. Furthermore, Defendant cannot show that he suffered any prejudice. The Trial Court
sentenced Defendant above the mandatory minimum sentence because Defendant's sentencing
guidelines did not allow for a sentence as low as the mandatory minimum sentence. Aggravated
Assault carries an offense gravity score of 11 and Defendant's prior record score was a 5.
Therefore, Defendant's guideline sentence for the offense of Aggravated Assault was 72 months
3
Circulated 06/08/2015 11:19 AM
(6 years) to 90 months (71h years), plus or minus 12 months for mitigating and aggravating
factors. Endangering the Welfare of a Child carries an offense gravity score of 5, so Defendant's
guideline sentence for that offense was 12 mouths to 18 months, plus or minus 3 months for
mitigating and aggravating factors. Therefore, the outcome of Defendant's sentencing
proceeding would not have been any different even without the mandatory minimum sentence.
Because Defendant has failed to demonstrate that his claim has arguable merit qr that he suffered
prejudice, trial counsel will not be deemed ineffective. 'Com. v. Loner, 836 A.2d 125, 133 (Pa.
Super. 2003)(citing Com. v. Douglas, 645 A.2d 226, 231-2)(Pa. 1994)).
II. Illegal Sentence
The Pennsylvania Superior Court has held that sentences in violation of Alleyne are
illegal sentences. Com. v. Watley, 81 A.3d 108 (Pa. Super. 2013); Com. v. Thompson, 2014 WL
·2131965 (Pa. Super:2014). In this case, however, although the Commonwealth had invoked the
mandatory minimum sentence of five years of incarceration, Defendant's guidelines did not
allow for a sentence of less than five years. As discussed above, Defendant's sentencing
guidelines called for 6 years to 71h years for the aggravated assault charge alone. Furthermore, at
sentencing> the Court considered the following: that Defendant was 36 years old, indicating he
had sufficient maturity to understand the significance of his acts; that Defendant is intelligent
enough to understand the significance of his acts, having completed 11th grade and attaining his
G.E.D.; that Defendant knows how to follow directions, as indicated by his work history; the
prior criminal record of Defendant. (N.T. Sentencing, 6/18/10, p. 15-16). The Court also
specifically considered the doctor's testimony relative to the piece of tongue which was bitten
out of the three-year-old victim's mouth and the excruciating pain the child had to go through
4
Circulated 06/08/2015 11:19 AM
during the course of that attack. Id. at 17. The Court considered the fact that the victim was
three years old at the time of the offenses, that she was scarred with bum marks and welts, in
addition to the damage to her tongue, and that Defendant showed no remorse at any point. Id. at
18. The sentence was warranted because a lesser sentence would depreciate the seriousness and
aggravated nature of the crimes.
ID. Severability of 42 Pa.C.S.A.§9718
Based on the recent Pennsylvania Superior Court decisions of Com. v. Watley, 81 AJd
108 (Pa. Super. 2013) and Coin. v. Thompson, 2014 WL 2131965 (Pa. Super. 2014), subsection
( c) of §9718 is unconstitutional because it allows the sentencing court to apply the mandatory
minimum sentences based on a preponderance of the evidence standard, as opposed to being
determined beyond a reasonable doubt by the finder of'fact, as required by Alleyne. The
Pennsylvania Superior Court recently decided that another mandatory sentencing statute with a
similar "proof at sentencing" subsection was not severable from the rest of the statute. Com. v.
Newman, 2014 Pa. Super. 17~ (August 20, 2014).
In Com. v. Newman, the defendant was convicted of two counts of possession with intent
to deliver cocaine) (''PWlD»), two counts of simple possession (cocaine), one count of
possession of drug paraphernalia, one count of dealing in proceeds of unlawful activities, one
count of possessing an instrument of crime, and five counts of criminal conspiracy. Com. v,
Newman, 2014 Pa. Super. 178 (August 20, 2014). The Commonwealth filed a Notice of Intent to
Seek Mandatory Sentence under 42 Pa.C.S.A. §9712.1, which requires the following proof at
sentencing:
Provisions of this section sha11 not be an element of the crime, and notice thereof to the
defendant shall not be required prior to conviction, but reasonable notice of the.
5
Circulated 06/08/2015 11:19 AM
Commonwealth's intention to proceed under this section shall be provided after
conviction and before sentencing. The applicability of this section shall be determined at
sentencing. The court shall consider any evidence presented at trial and shall afford the
Commonwealth and the defendant an opportunity to present any necessary additional
evidence and shall determine, by a preponderance of the evidence, if this section is
applicable,
42 Pa.C.S.A. §9712.l(c); Com. v. Newman, 2014 Pa. Super. 178 (August 20, 2014).
The Superior Court in Newman, found that the sentencing practice under Section 9712.1
was unconstitutional because it did not comply with the standard set forth ii1Alleyne. Com. v.
Newman, 2014 Pa. Super. 178 (August 20, 2014); Alleyne v. United States, 133 S. Ct. 2151
(2013).
This Court recognizes that the "proof at sentencing" subsection of the mandatory
sentencing statute in this case, 42 Pa.C.S.A. §9718, is identical. Subsection (c) of 42 Pa.C.S.A.
§9718 reads:
The provisions of this section shall not be an element of the crime, and notice of the·
provisions of this section to the defendant shall not be required prior to conviction, but
reasonable notice of the Commonwealth's intention to proceed under this section shall be
provided after conviction and before sentencing. The applicability of this section shall be
determined at sentencing. The court shall consider any evidence presented at trial and
shall afford the Commonwealth and the defendant an opportunity to present any
necessary additional evidence and shall determine, by a preponderance of the evidence, if
this section is applicable.
42 Pa.C.S.A. §9718(c).
Based on the Pennsylvania Superior Court's recent decision in Newman, subsection (c) of
42 Pa.CS.A. §9718 is also not severable from the statute) rendering the statute unconstitutional.
Although the mandatory sentencing is unconstitutional, this Court did not sentence Defendant by
the mandatory sentence, as discussed above. While the Commonwealth had invoked the
mandatory minimum sentence of five years of incarceration, Defendant's guidelines did not
allow for a sentence of less than five years, but rather called for 6 years to 71/z years for the
6
Circulated 06/08/2015 11:19 AM
aggravated assault charge alone. Again) the Court took into account a variety of factors, not the
'mandatory minimum sentence, when it sentenced Defendant to 8Yz to 20 years of incarceration,
specifically the aggravated nature of the crime against the three year old victim. Therefore, the
issue of severability of subsection ( c) of 42 PaC.S.A. §9718 is irrelevant to Defendant's claim,
as he was not sentenced under the mandatory minimum statute.
As each of Defendant's claims is rneritless, Defendant's petition is meritless. Defendant
is not entitled to post-conviction relief, and no purpose would be served by any further
proceedings. Defendant is hereby provided notice of this Court's intent to dismiss his petition
without a bearing. Defendant may respond within twenty (20) days from the date of this Notice
to demonstrate that he is entitled to relief under the PCRA. Accordingly, I enter the following:
7