Com. v. Adams, J. ( 2015 )


Menu:
  • J-S38037-15
    NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA,            :      IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
    :            PENNSYLVANIA
    Appellee             :
    :
    v.                            :
    :
    JEFFREY ROBERT ADAMS, JR.,               :
    :
    Appellant            :           No. 1772 MDA 2014
    Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence entered on March 24, 2014
    in the Court of Common Pleas of Northumberland County,
    Criminal Division, No. CP-49-CR-0000329-2012
    BEFORE: WECHT, STABILE and MUSMANNO, JJ.
    MEMORANDUM BY MUSMANNO, J.:                          FILED JULY 16, 2015
    Jeffrey Robert Adams, Jr. (“Adams”) appeals from the judgment of
    sentence imposed following his convictions of burglary and criminal trespass.
    See 18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 3502(a)(1), 3503(a)(1)(i). We affirm.
    On November 8, 2011, Thomas McDonald (“McDonald”) was awoken
    by a noise in his kitchen at 5:00 a.m. McDonald proceeded downstairs and
    observed Adams rattling pill bottles. McDonald asked Adams what he was
    doing in his home, after which Adams ran out the front door with over
    $500.00 worth of prescription medication in his sweatshirt. McDonald then
    directed his fiancé, Stella Sheesley (“Sheesley”), to call the police.   Both
    McDonald and Sheesley walked to the front porch and observed Adams
    standing in a well-lit alleyway that ran between McDonald’s home and a
    neighbor’s house.
    J-S38037-15
    Adams was arrested and charged with burglary, criminal trespass,
    theft, and receiving stolen property.   On December 9, 2013, a jury found
    Adams guilty of burglary and criminal trespass, and not guilty of theft or
    receiving stolen property.   On March 24, 2014, the trial court sentenced
    Adams to eighteen months to five years in prison on the burglary conviction,
    and a concurrent prison term of one month to four years on the criminal
    trespass charge. Adams filed Post-Sentence Motions, which were denied.
    On October 17, 2014, Adams filed a timely Notice of Appeal. Adams
    filed a court-ordered Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure 1925(b)
    Concise Statement.
    On appeal, Adams raises the following questions for our review:
    I. Whether the verdict of the jury was insufficient as a matter of
    law to sustain [Adams’s] conviction[s]?
    II. Whether the verdict of the jury was contrary to the weight of
    the evidence?
    III. Whether the lower court erred in denying [the] post trial
    motion for arrest of judgment where [Adams] was found guilty
    of burglary and not guilty of theft?
    Brief for Appellant at 3 (capitalization omitted, questions re-ordered).
    In his first claim, Adams contends that the evidence was insufficient to
    support his convictions. Id. at 3, 7. Adams asserts that mere presence at
    the scene of a crime is insufficient to prove criminal intent.       Id. at 7.
    Further, Adams argues that the eyewitness testimony at trial was insufficient
    to prove criminal intent for his convictions because the testimony that he
    -2-
    J-S38037-15
    was seen in McDonald’s home was not supported by physical evidence. Id.
    Specifically, Adams claims that no doors or windows were broken; the house
    was not ransacked; and no stolen items were recovered. Id.
    Our standard of review for a sufficiency of the evidence challenge is as
    follows:
    When reviewing a sufficiency of the evidence claim, an appellate
    court, viewing all the evidence and reasonable inference
    therefrom in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth as
    the verdict winner, must determine whether the evidence was
    sufficient to enable the fact finder to find that all of the elements
    were established beyond a reasonable doubt.
    Commonwealth v. Hawkins, 
    701 A.2d 492
    , 499 (Pa. 1997) (citation
    omitted).   Further, the Commonwealth can sustain its burden of proving
    every element of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt by using wholly
    circumstantial evidence. Commonwealth v. Johnson, 
    833 A.2d 260
    , 263
    (Pa. Super. 2003).
    In order to sustain a burglary conviction, the Commonwealth must
    prove that the person, with the intent to commit a crime therein, “enters a
    building or occupied structure, or separately secured or occupied portion
    thereof that is adapted for overnight accommodations in which at the time of
    the offense any person is present.” 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3502(a)(1). In order to
    sustain a criminal trespass conviction, the Commonwealth must prove a
    person “(i) enters, gains entry by subterfuge or surreptitiously remains in
    any building or occupied structure or separately secured or occupied portion
    thereof.” Id. § 3503(a)(1)(i).
    -3-
    J-S38037-15
    Here, the evidence at trial indicated that Adams was living with
    McDonald’s next-door neighbor. N.T., 12/9/13, at 22-23. McDonald spoke
    to Adams prior to the night of the burglary.      Id.   On the night of the
    burglary, McDonald identified Adams as the person in the kitchen putting pill
    bottles in the front pocket of his sweatshirt.1 Id. at 26. McDonald stated
    that, due to a recurring problem with the door jam, Adams could have
    pushed the door open even if it was locked at the time of entry. Id. at 26.
    Further, McDonald testified that his apartment and the apartment where
    Adams was living are identical, so Adams need not be familiar with the
    victim’s apartment to know his way around. Id. at 27.
    The evidence presented at trial, viewed in a light most favorable to the
    Commonwealth, was sufficient to sustain Adams’s burglary conviction. See
    Commonwealth v. Diggs, 
    949 A.2d 873
    , 878 (Pa. 2008) (holding that
    testimonial evidence was sufficient to support a burglary conviction where
    the defendant, a neighbor of the victim, entered the victim’s home without
    permission); see also Commonwealth v. Lease, 
    703 A.2d 506
    , 509 (Pa.
    Super. 1997) (stating that “[o]nce an [a]ppellant has entered a private
    residence by criminal means[,] we can infer that [a]ppellant intended a
    criminal purpose based upon the totality of the circumstances.”).
    Further, we conclude that the evidence of non-permissive entry
    presented at trial was sufficient to sustain Adams’s criminal trespass
    1
    Sheesley also identified Adams, as he stood in the alleyway between
    McDonald’s home and the neighboring apartment. N.T., 12/9/13, at 33.
    -4-
    J-S38037-15
    conviction.   See Commonwealth v. Schwartz, 
    615 A.2d 350
    , 361 (Pa.
    Super. 1992) (stating that evidence is sufficient to support a criminal
    trespass conviction where the appellant entered the premises without
    permission). Moreover, evidence of destruction of property is not required
    to sustain a burglary or criminal trespass conviction.        See 18 Pa.C.S.A.
    § 3502(a)(1); id. § 3503(a)(1)(i); see also Schwartz, 
    615 A.2d at 361
    (holding that evidence of smashed windows or broken panes did not have to
    be presented to support a conviction of criminal trespass).
    In his second claim, Adams contends that his convictions of burglary
    and criminal trespass were against the weight of the evidence.          Brief for
    Appellant at 5-6. Adams argues that he was never inside McDonald’s home,
    because the door sustained no damage and the home was not ransacked.
    
    Id.
     Based on this evidence, Adams further argues that he could not have
    known where the medicines were kept inside the home.              
    Id.
        Adams
    contends that the trial court should have given more weight to this evidence,
    and that the verdict shocks one’s sense of justice. 
    Id.
    Our standard of review for a weight of the evidence challenge is
    as follows:
    The determination of whether to grant a new trial because the
    verdict is against the weight of the evidence rests within the
    discretion of the trial court, and we will not disturb that
    discretion absent an abuse of discretion.        Where issues of
    credibility and weight of the evidence are concerned, it is not the
    function of the appellate court to substitute its judgment based
    on a cold record for that of the trial court. The weight to be
    accorded conflicting evidence is exclusively for the fact finder,
    -5-
    J-S38037-15
    whose findings will not be disturbed on appeal if they are
    supported by the record. A claim that the evidence presented at
    trial was contradictory and unable to support the verdict requires
    the grant of a new trial only when the verdict is so contrary to
    the evidence as to shock one’s sense of justice.
    It must be emphasized that it is not for this Court or any
    appellate court to view the evidence as if it was the jury. Our
    purview is extremely limited and is confined to whether the trial
    court abused its discretion in finding that the jury verdict did not
    shock its conscience. Thus, appellate review of a weight claim
    consists of a review of the trial court’s exercise of discretion, not
    a review of the underlying question of whether the verdict is
    against the weight of the evidence.
    Commonwealth v. Santiago, 
    980 A.2d 659
    , 663-64 (Pa. Super. 2009)
    (citations omitted).
    Here, the jury, as fact-finder, was free to believe the testimony of
    McDonald and Sheesley, and we will not disturb this finding on appeal. See
    N.T., 12/9/13, at 87; see also Commonwealth v. Hunzer, 
    868 A.2d 498
    ,
    506 (Pa. Super. 2005) (stating that the weight of the evidence is exclusively
    for the finder of fact, who determines credibility and is free to believe all,
    part, or none of the evidence).    We discern no abuse of discretion by the
    trial court in denying the weight of the evidence claim, and the verdict is not
    so contrary to the evidence as to shock one’s sense of justice.               See
    Santiago, 
    980 A.2d at 663-64
    .
    In his third claim, Adams argues that the trial court should have
    granted a motion for arrest of judgment on the burglary conviction. Brief for
    Appellant at 9-10. Adams argues that he is not guilty of burglary because
    the jury found him not guilty of theft. 
    Id.
    -6-
    J-S38037-15
    However, it is well settled that inconsistent verdicts may be issued and
    reviewing courts may not draw factual inferences from the jury’s decision.
    See Commonwealth v. Moore, 
    103 A.3d 1240
    , 1249 (Pa. 2014). Further,
    as noted above, the evidence was sufficient to support the burglary
    conviction.   See Commonwealth v. Miller, 
    35 A.3d 1206
    , 1208-09 (Pa.
    2012) (holding that inconsistent verdicts are allowed to stand where the
    evidence is sufficient to support the conviction); Lease, 
    703 A.2d at 509
    (stating that the Commonwealth does not need to prove the underlying
    crime theft to sustain a burglary conviction). Thus, Adams’s contention that
    the trial court should have granted a motion for arrest of judgment is
    without merit.
    Judgment of sentence affirmed.
    Judgment Entered.
    Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
    Prothonotary
    Date: 7/16/2015
    -7-