Benet, S. v. Thomas, L. ( 2015 )

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
SUZETTE BENET, Administrator of the : PENNSYLVANIA
Estate of Gilberto Alvarez, :
:
Appellant :
:
v. :
:
LLOYD THOMAS, HAYDN THOMAS :
AND/OR THE OUTDOORSMAN, INC., :
:
Appellees : No. 1484 MDA 2014
Appeal from the Order entered on August 18, 2014
in the Court of Common Pleas of Luzerne County,
Civil Division, No. 14-CV-01427
BEFORE: FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E., STABILE and MUSMANNO, JJ.
MEMORANDUM BY MUSMANNO, J.: FILED AUGUST 07, 2015
Suzette Benet (“Benet”), Administrator of the Estate of Gilberto
Alvarez (“Alvarez”), appeals from the Order granting the Preliminary
Objections filed by Lloyd Thomas (“Lloyd”), Haydn Thomas (“Haydn”),
and/or The Outdoorsman, Inc. (“The Outdoorsman”) (collectively “the
Defendants”), and transferring venue of Benet’s action to the Susquehanna
County Court of Common Pleas. We affirm.
Benet’s wrongful death/negligence action arises out of a shooting that
occurred on February 11, 2012, at 114 Pine Ayre Drive, Hallstead,
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Susquehanna County (hereinafter “the Pine Ayre property”).1 Haydn and
Lloyd (father and son, respectively) were the sole shareholders and
employees of The Outdoorsman, a Pennsylvania corporation registered in
Kingsley, Susquehanna County. The Outdoorsman was engaged in the
business of buying, selling, and trading firearms and accessories with its
customers. The Outdoorsman operated its business out of a small shop
attached to a residence situated upon the Pine Ayre property. Haydn lived in
this residence, though he was not at the Pine Ayre property at the time of
the shooting. The Outdoorsman has no other business location.
In February 2012, Benet, a resident of Florida, filed a Complaint
against the Defendants in the Luzerne County Court of Common Pleas, on
behalf of the Estate of her son, Alvarez.2 At the time Benet filed the
Complaint, Lloyd’s listed address was the Susquehanna County Correctional
Facility. Haydn’s listed address remained the Pine Ayre property.
1
As the instant appeal concerns only venue in Benet’s action, the facts
concerning the shooting are not germane to this appeal. However, we
observe that Lloyd shot and killed Alvarez and his companion, Joshua Rogers
(“Rogers”), while Alvarez and Rogers were on the Pine Ayre property.
2
Around the same time, the Estate of Rogers filed a separate action against
the same Defendants in the Lackawanna County Court of Common Pleas,
docketed at Civil Action 2012-1464 (hereinafter, “the Lackawanna lawsuit”).
See Trial Court Opinion, 1/4/14, at 2 (referencing the Lackawanna lawsuit).
Concerning the Lackawanna lawsuit, Lloyd alleges in his brief that “the
Estate of … Rogers is represented, and has been represented throughout its
duration[,] by the same counsel as is now representing the Estate of []
Alvarez herein.” Brief for Lloyd at 2.
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In March 2014, the Defendants separately filed Preliminary Objections
to Benet’s Complaint, alleging, inter alia, improper venue in Luzerne County.
The Defendants argued that venue must be transferred to Susquehanna
County, since (1) the shooting that formed the basis of Benet’s claims
occurred in Susquehanna County; (2) Lloyd and Haydn personally reside in
Susquehanna County; and (3) The Outdoorsman was registered and
maintained its sole place of business in Susquehanna County. Attached to
the Preliminary Objections was a “Verification” executed by Haydn
(hereinafter “the Verification”), stating, inter alia, that The Outdoorsman (1)
“is a business operated from [the Pine Ayre property] that sells, buys and
trades guns and accessories from the [Pine Ayre property]”; (2) “has no
business location in Luzerne County and has never done business in Luzerne
County”; (3) “appears occasionally at gun shows but has never appeared at
a gun show in Luzerne County”; and (4) “does not advertise in Luzerne
County and does not solicit customers from Luzerne County.” The
Verification (Exhibit B to Preliminary Objections of Haydn and The
Outdoorsman), 3/18/14, at ¶¶ 2-5.
After a hearing, the trial court entered its August 18, 2014 Order,
sustaining the Preliminary Objections as to venue, and ordering that the
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case be transferred to the Susquehanna County Court of Common Pleas.3
Benet timely filed a Notice of Appeal from this Order.
On appeal, Benet presents the following issue for our review:
“Whether the trial court erred in transferring venue from a county where a
corporation buys 90-95% of its guns[,] and the corporation’s business
purpose is to buy, sell and trade guns?” Brief for Appellant at 8.
A trial court “is vested with discretion in determining whether to grant
a preliminary objection to transfer venue, and we shall not overturn a
decision to grant or deny absent an abuse of discretion.” Searles v.
Estrada, 856 A.2d 85, 88 (Pa. Super. 2004).4 The burden rests on the
party challenging the plaintiff’s choice of venue to show that it was
improper. Wimble v. Parx Casino & Greenwood Gaming & Entm’t,
Inc., 40 A.3d 174, 177 (Pa. Super. 2012). However, “the presumption in
favor of a plaintiff’s choice of forum has no application to the question of
whether venue is proper in the plaintiff’s chosen forum; venue either is or is
not proper.” Scarlett v. Mason, 89 A.3d 1290, 1292 (Pa. Super. 2014).
3
See Pa.R.C.P. 1006(e) (providing that “[i]f a preliminary objection to
venue is sustained and there is a county of proper venue within the State[,]
the action shall not be dismissed but shall be transferred to the appropriate
court of that county.”).
4
When ruling on a preliminary objection alleging improper venue, “the court
relies on facts raised by deposition or otherwise.” McMillan v. First Nat.
Bank of Berwick, 978 A.2d 370, 373 (Pa. Super. 2009) (citation omitted);
see also Pa.R.C.P. 1028(c)(2) (providing that “[i]f an issue of fact is raised
[in a preliminary objection], the court shall consider evidence by depositions
or otherwise.”).
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“[A] trial court’s determination depends on the facts and circumstances of
each case and will not be disturbed if the trial court’s decision is reasonable
in light of those facts.” Searles, 856 A.2d at 88.
In the instant case, Benet contends that venue is proper in Luzerne
county based upon the activities of The Outdoorsman.5 Venue, with regard
to personal actions against Pennsylvania corporations, is governed by
Pennsylvania Rule of Civil Procedure 2179(a), which provides that such
actions may be brought in and only in
(1) the county where its registered office or principal place of
business is located;
(2) a county where it regularly conducts business;
(3) the county where the cause of action arose;
(4) a county where a transaction or occurrence took place out of
which the cause of action arose, or
(5) a county where the property or a part of the property which
is the subject matter of the action is located[,] provided that
equitable relief is sought with respect to the property.
Pa.R.C.P. 2179(a) (emphasis added).
Benet argues that The Outdoorsman regularly conducts business in
Luzerne County, and that venue as against all of the Defendants is therefore
proper in Luzerne County under Rule 2179(a)(2). Brief for Appellant at 12-
16; see also Reply Brief for Appellant at 4. Benet cites to Canter v.
American Honda Motor Corp., 231 A.2d 140 (Pa. 1967), wherein our
5
Benet does not assert that Lloyd or Haydn provide a basis for venue in
Luzerne County.
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Supreme Court stated that, where venue depends upon the factor of
regularly conducting business, the business engaged in must be sufficient in
“quantity” and “quality.” Id. at 142; see also Brief for Appellant at 13-14.
The Canter Court explained that (1) quality of acts means those directly
furthering, or essential to, corporate objects, and do not include incidental
acts; and (2) quantity of acts means those which are so continuous and
sufficient to be termed general or habitual. Canter, 231 A.2d at 142; see
also id. at 143 (holding that a foreign corporation doing just 1-2% of its
total sales in Philadelphia County was sufficient to satisfy this test, such that
venue in Philadelphia County was proper).
Benet argues that the quantity component has been satisfied in this
case, based upon Haydn’s deposition testimony in the Lackawanna lawsuit
that The Outdoorsman purchased 90-95% of its firearms from a supplier
located in Luzerne County. Brief for Appellant at 14 (citing Deposition of
Haydn, 7/1/13, at 96-97). Benet contends that the quality component was
also met, relying upon Haydn’s statement in the Verification that “The
Outdoorsman [] is a business operated from [the Pine Ayre property] that
sells, buys and trades guns and accessories from the [Pine Ayre property].”
Brief for Appellant at 15 (quoting the Verification (Exhibit B to Preliminary
Objections of Haydn and The Outdoorsman), 3/18/14, at ¶ 2) (emphasis
added by Benet)). Benet argues that, therefore, “if The Outdoorsman [] is
in the business of buying guns[,] and that is its corporate objective[,] then it
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would clearly seem that this has met the qualitative prong of the venue
analysis[,] when it buys 90% to 95% of its guns from squarely within
Luzerne County.” Brief for Appellant at 15. Accordingly, Benet contends
that “venue according to Rule 2179[(a)(2),] as well as the quality-quantity
test[,] is satisfied and venue must remain in Luzerne County.” Id. at 17.
After review, we agree with the trial court that our Pennsylvania
Supreme Court’s decision in Purcell v. Bryn Mawr Hosp., 579 A.2d 1282(Pa. 1990), is applicable and controlling. In that case, the plaintiff filed a
negligence action in Philadelphia County arising from events that occurred at
Bryn Mawr Hospital, which is located in Montgomery County. See id. at
1283. The Purcell Court held that the trial court abused its discretion by
overruling the defendant’s preliminary objections challenging venue,
concluding that the plaintiff had not established sufficient quality and
quantity of business contacts to establish venue under Pa.R.C.P.
2179(a)(2).6 See id. at 1286-87. Specifically, the Court held that although
the hospital purchased goods and services from Philadelphia County
businesses, and engaged in several other activities connected to Philadelphia
6
The Purcell Court observed that “[s]ubsection (a)(2) provides a theory of
transient jurisdiction by counties in which the corporation is present by
virtue of its business activities or contacts. In this circumstance, and
provided that the business contacts are more than incidental, a corporation
can be compelled to defend itself.” Purcell, 579 A.2d at 1284 (emphasis
added).
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County,7 such contacts were incidental and not essential to the operation of
the hospital, and its corporate object of caring for patients. See id. at
1286-87.
Here, the record belies Benet’s assertion that “The Outdoorsman [] is
in the business of buying guns[,] and that is its corporate objective ….” Brief
for Appellant at 15 (emphasis added). Though Benet is correct that the
Outdoorsman is engaged in the business of buying, selling, and trading
firearms and accessories with its customers, the record reflects that the
corporation does not exist for the sole purpose of purchasing
goods/inventory. Moreover, all of The Outdoorsman’s sales to, purchases
from, or trades with customers of the business occurred at the business
location, i.e., the Pine Ayre property in Susquehanna County, or at gun
shows, none of which occurred in Luzerne County. The Outdoorsman’s
purchase of goods in Luzerne County is its only connection with that
jurisdiction; we conclude that same is merely incidental to The
Outdoorsman’s business. See Purcell, supra; see also Kubik v. Route
252, Inc., 762 A.2d 1119, 1125 (Pa. Super. 2000) (citing to Purcell and
stating that “[a]s for [the defendant’s] purchase of goods in Philadelphia, we
7
The other contacts included that the hospital (1) had contractual affiliations
with teaching hospitals in Philadelphia; (2) recruited medical residents from
Philadelphia teaching hospitals; (3) advertised in Philadelphia County; and
(4) received a portion of its income from residents of Philadelphia County.
See id. at 1283-84.
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have previously determined that such behavior does not constitute regularly
conducted business.”).8
Because we discern no abuse of discretion or error of law by the trial
court in granting the Defendants’ Preliminary Objections, and transferring
Benet’s action to Susquehanna County, we affirm the Order on appeal.
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 8/7/2015
8
We are unpersuaded by Benet’s attempts to distinguish Purcell from the
instant case based upon her assertion that, unlike The Outdoorsman, the
hospital in Purcell was not “in the business of buying” goods. Reply Brief
for Appellant at 6. Neither the hospital in Purcell nor The Outdoorsman had
a sole corporate objective of buying goods.
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