Com. v. Kronenwetter, K. ( 2015 )

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee :
:
v. :
:
KISKA KRONENWETTER, :
:
Appellant : No. 477 WDA 2014
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered February 26, 2014,
In the Court of Common Pleas of Jefferson County,
Criminal Division, at No. CP-33-CR-0000521-2012.
BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., SHOGAN, J., and STRASSBURGER, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY SHOGAN, J.: FILED JANUARY 16, 2015
Appellant, Kiska Kronenwetter, appeals from the judgment of sentence
of two to five years of incarceration imposed following revocation of her
probation. Appellate counsel has filed a petition seeking to withdraw his
representation and a brief pursuant to Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738(1967), and Commonwealth v. Santiago, 978 A.2d 349 (Pa. 2009), which
govern a withdrawal from representation on direct appeal. Upon review, we
grant counsel’s petition to withdraw and affirm Appellant’s judgment of
sentence.
On February 4, 2013, in the Court of Common Pleas of Jefferson
County, Appellant was placed in the Accelerated Rehabilitative Disposition
(“ARD”) program for a period of one year on a charge of endangering the
____________________
*Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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welfare of children, a misdemeanor of the first degree. As a result of
violating terms and conditions of the program, Appellant was terminated
from the ARD program by order entered May 3, 2013.
After Appellant failed to appear for arraignment, the court issued a
bench warrant for her arrest. Order, 5/15/13. Appellant was arrested and
later released on bail. Order, 5/20/13. After Appellant failed to appear for a
subsequent hearing, Appellant’s bail was revoked and another bench warrant
for her arrest was issued. Order, 8/22/13. Appellant was later arrested and
on October 16, 2013, Appellant entered a guilty plea to the endangering the
welfare of children charge. Guilty Plea, 10/16/13. Appellant was sentenced
to incarceration for ninety days to one year in the Jefferson County Jail,
followed by four years of probation, in addition to payment of costs.
Sentencing Order, 10/18/13. On December 18, 2013, Appellant’s petition
for parole was granted. Parole Order, 12/18/13.
After her release, Appellant was found to have violated conditions of
her probation. Specifically, she failed to report to the probation department
as instructed, she moved from her approved residence without permission,
and she admitted to using marijuana. Present counsel was appointed, and
appeared for a Gagnon I hearing.1 Appellant waived the Gagnon I
1
Due process requires a probationer be given a preliminary (Gagnon I) and
a final (Gagnon II) hearing prior to revoking probation. Commonwealth
v. Knoble, 42 A.3d 976, 978 n.1 (Pa. 2012) (citing Gagnon v. Scarpelli,
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hearing, admitting to the violations and proceeded to a Gagnon II hearing.
Gagnon Order, 2/27/14. Following revocation of her probation, Appellant
was sentenced to serve twenty-four months to five years of incarceration in
a state correctional facility, with credit for time served. Id.On March 3, 2014, Appellant submitted a pro se letter to the trial court
in which she claimed that the sentence she received was excessive. The
court accepted this letter as a motion for reconsideration and denied the
motion on March 4, 2014. Order, 3/4/14.
On March 19, 2014, Appellant filed a counseled notice of appeal.
Appellant timely filed a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement and the trial court filed
a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) opinion. As noted, counsel also filed a petition to
withdraw from representation.
Before we address the question raised on appeal, we first must resolve
appellate counsel’s request to withdraw. Commonwealth v. Cartrette, 83
A.3d 1030, 1032 (Pa. Super. 2013) (en banc). There are procedural and
briefing requirements imposed upon an attorney who seeks to withdraw on
appeal. The procedural mandates are that counsel must:
1) petition the court for leave to withdraw stating that, after
making a conscientious examination of the record, counsel has
determined that the appeal would be frivolous; 2) furnish a copy
of the brief to the defendant; and 3) advise the defendant that
411 U.S. 778 (1973)). The Gagnon decision has become the common
moniker for both parole and probation revocation proceedings.
Commonwealth v. Stafford, 29 A.3d 800, 801 n.1 (Pa. Super. 2011).
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he or she has the right to retain private counsel or raise
additional arguments that the defendant deems worthy of the
court’s attention.
Id. at 1032 (citation omitted).
In this case, counsel has satisfied those directives. Within his petition
to withdraw, counsel averred that he conducted a conscientious examination
of the record, including Appellant’s prior sentence orders, plea colloquy,
post-sentence motions and all other documents of record. Counsel also
consulted with Appellant and considered applicable legal authority.
Following that review, counsel concluded that the present appeal is wholly
frivolous. Counsel sent to Appellant a copy of the Anders brief and petition
to withdraw, as well as a letter, a copy of which is attached to the brief. In
the letter, counsel advised Appellant that she could represent herself or that
she could retain private counsel to represent her.
We now examine whether the brief satisfies the Supreme Court’s
dictates in Santiago, which provide that:
in the Anders brief that accompanies court-appointed counsel’s
petition to withdraw, counsel must: (1) provide a summary of
the procedural history and facts, with citations to the record; (2)
refer to anything in the record that counsel believes arguably
supports the appeal; (3) set forth counsel’s conclusion that the
appeal is frivolous; and (4) state counsel’s reasons for
concluding that the appeal is frivolous. Counsel should articulate
the relevant facts of record, controlling case law, and/or statutes
on point that have led to the conclusion that the appeal is
frivolous.
Cartrette, 83 A.3d at 1032 (quoting Santiago, 978 A.2d at 361).
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Counsel’s brief is compliant with Santiago. It sets forth the factual
and procedural history of this case and outlines pertinent case authority.
Counsel also raises one potential issue:
(1) Whether the trial court abused its discretion when it
revoked Appellant’s county-level probation and re-sentenced her
to serve a sentence of incarceration in a State Correctional
Institution for a minimum of twenty-four (24) months to a
maximum of five (5) years with credit for time served for
[A]ppellant’s violation of probation.
Appellant’s Brief at 3.
Appellant asserts that, given the fact that the violations were technical
and her first, the sentence imposed after probation revocation was
unreasonably excessive. Anders Brief at 7. Appellant maintains that her
violations do not necessarily show that she is likely to commit new offenses
and that the court’s authority would be vindicated with considerably less
incarceration. Id. Furthermore, Appellant contends the court’s reasoning
does not “adequately show how the sentence is necessary to vindicate the
[c]ourt’s authority, or how the violations show [s]he is likely to commit a
new offense.” Id.
Appellant’s claim challenges the discretionary aspects of her sentence.
An appellant wishing to appeal the discretionary aspects of a probation-
revocation sentence has no absolute right to do so but, rather, must petition
this Court for permission to do so. Commonwealth v. Kalichak, 943 A.2d
285, 289 (Pa. Super. 2008); 42 Pa.C.S. § 9781(b). Before this Court may
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review the merits of a challenge to the discretionary aspects of a sentence,
we must engage in a four-pronged analysis:
[W]e conduct a four part analysis to determine: (1) whether
appellant has filed a timely notice of appeal, see Pa.R.A.P. 902
and 903; (2) whether the issue was properly preserved at
sentencing or in a motion to reconsider and modify sentence,
see Pa.R.Crim.P. [708]; (3) whether appellant’s brief has a fatal
defect, Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f); and (4) whether there is a substantial
question that the sentence appealed from is not appropriate
under the Sentencing Code, 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9781(b).
Commonwealth v. Moury, 992 A.2d 162, 170 (Pa. Super. 2010) (citing
Commonwealth v. Evans, 901 A.2d 528, 533 (Pa. Super. 2006). See
also Pa.R.Crim.P. 708, Cmt. (discussing proper preservation of issues
challenging discretionary aspect of sentence imposed following revocation
hearing).
A determination as to whether a “substantial question” exists is made
on a case-by-case basis, and this Court will grant the appeal “only when the
appellant advances a colorable argument that the sentencing judge’s actions
were either: (1) inconsistent with a specific provision of the Sentencing
Code; or (2) contrary to the fundamental norms which underlie the
sentencing process.” Commonwealth v. Sierra, 752 A.2d 910, 912-913
(Pa. Super. 2000). This Court has found that a substantial question is
presented when a sentence of total confinement, in excess of the original
sentence, is imposed as a result of a technical violation of parole or
probation. Id. at 913.
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We first note that Appellant has met the four-prong test required prior
to our review of the merits of a discretionary challenge to a sentence:
Appellant’s appeal was timely filed, Appellant preserved the issue in her
post-sentence motion, Appellant included a statement pursuant to
Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f) in her brief, and Appellant has raised a substantial
question. Evans, 901 A.2d at 533. Thus, we shall address the merits of
Appellant’s claim.
When we consider an appeal from a sentence imposed following the
revocation of probation,2 our standard of review is well settled:
Our review is limited to determining the validity of the probation
revocation proceedings and the authority of the sentencing court
to consider the same sentencing alternatives that it had at the
time of the initial sentencing. 42 Pa.C.S. § 9771(b). See also
Commonwealth v. Gheen, 455 Pa. Super. 299, 688 A.2d
1206, 1207 (1997) (the scope of review in an appeal following a
sentence imposed after probation revocation is limited to the
validity of the revocation proceedings and the legality of the
judgment of sentence). Also, upon sentencing following a
revocation of probation, the trial court is limited only by the
maximum sentence that it could have imposed originally at the
time of the probationary sentence. Id., 688 A.2d at 1207-1208.
Accord Commonwealth v. Ware, 737 A.2d 251, 254 (Pa.
Super. 1999).
2
We note that the court in the instant matter had the authority to revoke
not only Appellant’s parole, but also to revoke Appellant’s probation.
Commonwealth v. Ware, 737 A.2d 251, 254 (Pa. Super. 1999) (the trial
court had the authority to revoke appellant’s probation, and re-sentence her,
despite the fact that at the time of revocation of probation the appellant was
on parole and had not yet begun to serve the probationary portion of her
split sentence).
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Commonwealth v. MacGregor, 912 A.2d 315, 317 (Pa. Super. 2006)
(citing Commonwealth v. Fish, 752 A.2d 921, 923 (Pa. Super. 2000)). It
is also well settled that the revocation of a probationary sentence is a matter
committed to the sound discretion of the trial court and that court’s decision
will not be disturbed on appeal in the absence of an error of law or an abuse
of discretion. MacGregor, 912 A.2d at 317. “[A]n abuse of discretion is
more than a mere error of judgment; thus, a sentencing court will not have
abused its discretion unless the record discloses that the judgment exercised
was manifestly unreasonable, or the result of partiality, prejudice, bias or ill-
will.” Commonwealth v. Walls, 926 A.2d 957, 961 (Pa. 2007) (internal
quotation marks omitted).
It is beyond dispute that technical violations of the terms of probation
are sufficient to revoke probation. Sierra, 752 A.2d at 912. We reiterate
that upon revocation of probation, the sentencing court has all of the
alternatives available at the time of the initial sentencing. See 42 Pa.C.S. §
9771(b); Commonwealth v. Mazzetti, 44 A.3d 58, 61 (Pa. 2012).
Furthermore, this Court has stated the following when reviewing
sentences of confinement following revocation of probation:
The Sentencing Code reveals that the legislature has given
particular consideration to the appropriateness of sentences of
total confinement following revocation of probation. See
42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9771. On appeal from a revocation proceeding,
we find a substantial question is presented when a sentence of
total confinement, in excess of the original sentence, is imposed
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as a result of a technical violation of parole or probation. Such a
sentence must be examined in light of section 9771(c).
Sierra, 752 A.2d at 913. 42 Pa.C.S. § 9771(c) provides:
(c) Limitation on sentence of total confinement.--The court
shall not impose a sentence of total confinement upon revocation
[of probation] unless it finds that:
(1) the defendant has been convicted of another
crime; or
(2) the conduct of the defendant indicates that it is
likely that he will commit another crime if he is not
imprisoned; or
(3) such a sentence is essential to vindicate the
authority of the court.
42 Pa.C.S. § 9771(c).
It was uncontroverted that Appellant violated conditions of her
probation by failure to report to the probation department as instructed,
moving from her approved residence without permission and failing to
refrain from the use or possession of a controlled substance. N.T. (Gagnon
hearing), 2/26/14, at 3. Following the trial court’s finding that Appellant
violated probation, Appellant was sentenced to two to five years of
imprisonment on the original conviction, with credit for time served. Id. at
14. This sentence was within the range of potential sentencing alternatives
available to the court upon Appellant’s original conviction. 18 Pa.C.S. §
1104(1) (providing that a person may be sentenced to imprisonment for a
term which shall not exceed “[f]ive years in the case of a misdemeanor of
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the first degree.”). Thus, the sentencing court did not impose an illegal
sentence following the probation revocation.
Furthermore, we cannot agree with Appellant’s claim that the sentence
was manifestly excessive or unreasonable. At the time of sentencing
following revocation of Appellant’s probation, the trial court provided the
following basis for the sentence it imposed:
The Court: [Appellant], there are three reasons to revoke
probation in the law statutorily set up. The most serious is for
new charges, the other two involve would [sic] a person be likely
to comply with conditions of probation and the other is are [sic]
they at risk of re-offense and finally to vindicate the authority of
the Court. Now, in your case, your situation [sic] these charges
involved a situation which I of course had the children through
Children and Youth and they’re now placed with your mother,
and Mr. DeJohn, the father of your youngest child, is already off
to state prison. I recall you having a warrant issued after you
didn’t appear for arraignment bringing you in, explaining you
your rights, releasing you on bail, bringing you in on another
warrant placing you on ARD, you never showed up for the ARD,
bringing you in on another warrant, paroling you and then two
days after you were leaving the residence. It sounds like the
facts are here so I can’t imagine a case more so than yours that
is more clear cut that you just won’t comply with any program.
[Appellant]: I would love to comply with a program,
Your Honor, one that supports me so I don’t have to move from
place to place to place.
The Court: Let’s go outside the criminal record just a
minute and go to your Children and Youth situation. We had
those kid [sic] for almost two years and you never did anything.
As a matter of fact, you didn’t show up for 80% of the hearings
so, I mean, there was lots of programming we tried to get you
in. I do think you are so likely -- I would be shocked if you
complied with anything even for a month it would be completely
out of your character that you have had with this court for the
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last three years, so I don’t think you will comply with anything
we ask you to do. I also think each time I have been a little too
lackadaisical to getting you to comply with the Court. We have a
thousand people on probation all of most of which are compliant.
I have let you go and let you go. Finally, the health of your new
baby. I do think [the Probation Officer for the Commonwealth]
hits on an important point even though you just found you are
pregnant it is unlikely you won’t use drugs from your past
history, so I’m taking all those things into account and I’m going
to revoke your probation and sentence you to no less than 24
months to no more than five years in [a] state correctional
institution. You will be RRRI eligible at 18 months, that will give
you time to have the baby and have a recommendation for
motivational boot camp which hopefully will make you more
receptive to complying with life on the outside. Your fines,
costs, restitution will remain the same and you will receive credit
for any time you are legally entitled. So what I would like you to
do is have a healthy baby, get into boot camp and get out of
there. That will be up to you when you get there to decide the
appropriate programming.
N.T. (Gagnon hearing), 2/26/14, at 12-14.
The trial court provided a thorough and thoughtful recitation of its
reasons for the imposition of a sentence of total incarceration. Based on the
above, the sentence of total confinement was appropriately imposed
because Appellant’s previous conduct indicates that it is likely she will
commit another crime if she is not imprisoned, and such a sentence is
essential to vindicate the authority of the court. 42 Pa.C.S. § 9771(c)(1-3);
Fish, 752 A.2d at 923. Moreover, Appellant has failed to establish that the
sentencing court ignored or misapplied the law, exercised its judgment for
reasons of partiality, prejudice, bias or ill will, or arrived at a manifestly
unreasonable decision. Mann, 957 A.2d at 749. Accordingly, we conclude
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that the sentence imposed by the trial court was not manifestly excessive or
unreasonable. As a result, Appellant’s claim lacks merit.
We also have independently reviewed the record in order to determine
if counsel’s assessment about the frivolity of the present appeal is correct.
Anders; Santiago; Cartrette. We agree with counsel’s assessment, grant
him permission to withdraw, and affirm.
Petition of Mark A. Wallisch, Esquire, to withdraw as counsel, is
granted. Judgment of sentence affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 1/16/2015
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