Com. v. Kerns, S. ( 2015 )

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee
v.
SCOTT KERNS
Appellant No. 1701 MDA 2014
Appeal from the Order of September 17, 2014
In the Court of Common Pleas of Berks County
Criminal Division at No.: CP-06-CR-0000371-2001
BEFORE: LAZARUS, J., WECHT, J., and JENKINS, J.
MEMORANDUM BY WECHT, J.: FILED MARCH 13, 2015
Scott Kerns appeals the September 17, 2014 order denying his motion
for review, in which Kerns challenged the district attorney’s decision to deny
his application for a private criminal complaint against the juvenile victim of
his crime. We affirm.
In 2000, Kerns resided with Michelle Kerns, his now ex-wife, and her
child J.L.R., in Muhlenberg Township, Berks County. On approximately ten
separate occasions between March 2000 and October 2000, Kerns performed
sexual acts on J.L.R. On November 7, 2000, police filed a criminal complaint
against Kerns, charging him with involuntary deviate sexual intercourse
(“IDSI”), sexual assault, rape, aggravated assault, and indecent exposure.1
____________________________________________
1
18 Pa.C.S. §§ 3123(a)(6), 3124.1, 3121(a)(6), 3125(7), and
3126(a)(7), respectively.
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On January 18, 2001, at a preliminary hearing, statutory sexual assault, and
indecent exposure were added to the complaint.2
The trial court set forth the subsequent procedural history of this case
as follows:
[Kerns] entered an open guilty plea on May 14, 2001, to one (1)
count of involuntary deviate sexual intercourse. On January 18,
2002, the Court sentenced [Kerns] to serve no less than seven
and a half (7 ½) to no more than twenty (20) years.
[Kerns] filed a pro se Post Conviction Relief Act[3] (hereinafter,
“PCRA”) petition on January 23, 2002, and the [c]ourt appointed
Gail Chiodo, Esquire, to represent him. Because a timely appeal
of the guilty plea and sentence could still be filed at that date,
appointed counsel pursued a direct appeal on [Kerns’] behalf.
On December 23, 2003, [this Court] affirmed [Kerns’] judgment
of sentence. Since that date, [Kerns] has engaged in a lengthy
history of PCRA matters, filing ten PCRA petitions, which have all
been dismissed by [the PCRA court].
[On a date prior to June 13, 2014, Kerns filed an application for
a private criminal complaint with the office of the District
Attorney of Berks County. Therein, Kerns accused J.L.R. of
perjury, 18 Pa.C.S. § 4902(a); false reports, Id. at § 4906(a);
tampering with physical evidence, Id. at § 4910; obstruction of
justice, Id. at § 5102(a); unsworn falsification to authorities, Id.
at § 4904(a)(1); and conspiracy, Id. at § 903. On June 13,
2014, the district attorney’s office notified Kerns by letter that
his application was denied.]
On September 9, 2014, [Kerns] filed a motion for review
requesting that the [c]ourt review the District Attorney’s decision
not to pursue a private criminal complaint. The [c]ourt
considered and denied that motion in an order dated September
17, 2014. [Kerns] filed a timely notice of appeal on October 8,
____________________________________________
2
18 Pa.C.S. §§ 3122.1 and 3127(a), respectively.
[3]
42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9541-9546.
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2014. Pursuant to Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure
1925(b), the [c]ourt issued an order for a Concise Statement of
the Errors Complained of on Appeal on October 14, 2014, which
[Kerns] filed on November 5, 2014.
Trial Court Opinion, 11/10/2014, at 1 (capitalization modified; emphasis in
original).
Kerns raises three issues for this Court’s consideration:
1. Whether the Court of Common Pleas and the D.A.
denied [Kerns’] Due Process?
2. Did the D.A. and Common Pleas Court refuse to
prosecute Kerns’ alleged victim because she was a
witness for the state?
3. Did the D.A. and Common Pleas Court violate the
Rules of Court?
Brief for Kerns at 4.
Kerns’ general contention is that the trial court erred by failing to
determine that the district attorney’s office abused its discretion when it
denied Kerns’ application for a private criminal complaint. We disagree.
In the June 13, 2014 denial letter, the assistant district attorney
(“ADA”), rejected Kerns’ private criminal complaint, having determined that
the statute of limitations had expired on each of the crimes that Kerns
alleged that J.L.R. had committed, barring prosecution.
See 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 5552(a), (b) (prosecution for perjury must be
commenced within five years after it is committed; prosecution for the
remaining crimes must be commenced within two years after the crime is
committed). The ADA asserted that his decision was based upon
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prosecutorial discretion and office policy. Private Prosecution Denial Letter,
6/13/2014, at 1.
When addressing an appeal from the disapproval of a private criminal
complaint, our standard of review is well-established:
Where the district attorney’s denial is based on a legal
evaluation of the evidence, the trial court undertakes a de novo
review of the matter. Commonwealth v. Cooper, 710 A.2d 76
(Pa. Super. 1998). Where the district attorney’s disapproval is
based on policy considerations, the trial court accords deference
to the decision and will not interfere with it in the absence of bad
faith, fraud or unconstitutionality. Id. at 79. In the event the
district attorney offers a hybrid of legal and policy reasons for
disapproval, deference to the district attorney’s decision, rather
than de novo review, is the appropriate standard to be
employed. Id. at 80. On appeal, this [C]ourt is limited to
determining whether the trial court abused its discretion. Id.
In re Private Complaint of Owens Against Coker, 810 A.2d 172, 175-76
(Pa. Super. 2002). In this case, because the ADA based his disapproval of
the complaint upon a hybrid of legal and policy reasons, the trial court was
required to give deference to the ADA’s decision. Cooper, 710 A.2d at 79.
Pennsylvania Rule of Criminal Procedure 506 governs private criminal
complaints. When seeking review in the trial court, a private criminal
complainant has the heavy burden to prove that the district attorney abused
his discretion. In a Rule 506 petition for review:
the private criminal complainant must demonstrate the district
attorney’s decision amounted to bad faith, fraud or
unconstitutionality. The complainant must do more than merely
assert the district attorney’s decision is flawed in these regards.
The complainant must show the facts of the case lead only to the
conclusion that the district attorney’s decision was patently
discriminatory, arbitrary[,] or pretextual, and therefore not in
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the public interest. In the absence of such evidence, the trial
court cannot presume to supervise the district attorney’s
exercise of prosecutorial discretion, and should leave the district
attorney’s decision undisturbed.
In re Wilson, 879 A.2d 199, 215 (Pa. Super. 2005).
In its order denying Kerns’ motion for review, the trial court found no
evidence of the ADA’s bad faith, fraud, or unconstitutionally in Kerns’
motion. Therefore, the trial court accorded deference to the ADA’s decision
not to prosecute Kerns’ private criminal complaint. Trial Court Order,
9/17/2014, at 1.
To determine whether the trial court abused its discretion, we turn to
the merits of Kerns’ claims. Unfortunately, Kerns’ brief is laden with
misstated case law, irrelevant arguments, and unsubstantiated accusations.
In Kerns’ first issue, he alleges that his due process rights were
violated when the ADA denied his private criminal complaint. Brief for Kerns
at 8. In support of his claim, Kerns cites case law that he believes affords
him the unfettered right to have a criminal complaint accepted and filed by
the district attorney’s office. Id. However, this argument is unfounded, as
this Court has continuously recognized the discretion of the district attorney
in evaluating the viability of private criminal complaints. See
Commonwealth v. Brown, 708 A.2d 81, 83 (Pa. 1998); Commonwealth
v. Michaliga, 947 A.2d 786, 792 (Pa. Super. 2008); Commonwealth v.
McGinley, 673 A.2d 343, 347 (Pa. Super. 1996). Therefore, we reject the
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argument that the denial of Kerns’ private criminal complaint violated his
due process rights.
In Kerns’ second issue, he claims that the ADA and the trial court
refused to prosecute J.L.R. because she was a witness for the state.
However, Kerns’ brief fails to address this allegation at any point in this
issue. In fact, the bulk of his argument is a puzzling combination of
accusations. Kerns recites certain sexual acts that led to his conviction,
claims that they cannot be proven, and attacks the integrity of the ADA’s
decision to deny his complaint. Brief for Kerns at 8-9. Kerns goes so far as
to note that, “[i]f anyone can make up statements and not be accountable
for it, when [I] get out of prison the [ADA] needs to be ready to arrest every
woman out there. Because [I] will just start accusing them all of stuff.
Because it doesn’t matter if it can be proven or not.” Brief for Kerns at 9.
Kerns’ argument is meritless and warrants no further review by this Court,
because he has abandoned this claim in his brief.
In his third issue, Kerns alleges that the ADA and the trial court
violated the “rules of court.” Kerns bases this assertion upon a time-bar
exception to the statute of limitations set forth in 42 Pa.C.S. § 5552(c)(1).
Subsection (c)(1) states that:
Any offense a material element of which is either fraud or a
breach of fiduciary obligation within one year after discovery of
the offense by an aggrieved party or by a person who has a legal
duty to represent an aggrieved party and who is himself not a
party to the offense, but in no case shall this paragraph extend
the period of limitation otherwise applicable by more than three
years.
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Id. In his brief, Kerns conspicuously omits over half of the text of the
subsection, most notably the last clause, which states, “in no case shall this
paragraph extend the period of limitation otherwise applicable by more than
three years.” Id. Kerns argues that he became aware of J.L.R.’s alleged
crimes on December 4, 2013, and filed his complaint on June 13, 2014,
therefore complying with the one-year limitation provided by the statute.
Brief for Kerns at 9. Among the crimes alleged by Kerns, perjury has the
longest period of limitation, which lasts for five years. 42 Pa.C.S. § 5552(b).
Kerns was convicted of IDSI in 2001. Yet, he maintains that he only became
aware of the alleged crimes in 2013. We find it difficult to imagine a
situation where an appellant, who pleaded guilty to IDSI, only became aware
of his accuser’s alleged false testimony over twelve years later. Kerns would
have known that J.L.R. testified falsely at his preliminary hearing, as he
caused every incident that led to his conviction. Nonetheless, subsection
5552(c)(1) is inapplicable. It can only extend the period of limitation an
additional three years, meaning that the statute of limitations would have
expired for each of the alleged crimes well before Kerns filed his complaint in
2014. Therefore, we conclude that the ADA and trial court did not violate
any rules of court in denying Kerns’ private criminal complaint.
Kerns claimed that J.L.R. committed the crimes of perjury, false
reports, tampering with physical evidence, obstruction of justice, unsworn
falsification to authorities, and conspiracy. Despite Kerns’ accusations, the
crux of his argument here is that the trial court committed an abuse of
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discretion. Because the statute of limitations had run out on each alleged
crime of which Kerns accuses J.L.R., the ADA was barred by the statute of
limitations from prosecuting her for those alleged crimes, even if the ADA
determined that prosecution was warranted. Therefore, the trial court did
not abuse its discretion by giving deference to the ADA’s decision not to file
Kerns’ private criminal complaint.
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 3/13/2015
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