Com. v. Garlick, L. ( 2023 )

J-A19022-22
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee :
:
v. :
:
LARRY E. GARLICK :
:
Appellant : No. 184 MDA 2022
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered January 20, 2022
In the Court of Common Pleas of Luzerne County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-40-CR-0001028-2017
BEFORE: BOWES, J., KING, J., and STEVENS, P.J.E.*
MEMORANDUM BY KING, J.: FILED: FEBRUARY 23, 2023
Appellant, Larry E. Garlick, appeals from the order entered in the
Luzerne County Court of Common Pleas, which denied his petition pursuant to
the Post Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”).1 We affirm and grant counsel’s
petition to withdraw.
The relevant facts and procedural history of this case are as follows.
The Commonwealth charged Appellant with rape by forcible compulsion,
aggravated indecent assault (complainant less than 16 years old), indecent
assault of a person less than 16 years old, and statutory sexual assault, in
connection with the assault of a 15-year-old girl, who is the daughter of
Appellant’s prior paramour. On June 29, 2018, Appellant waived his right to
____________________________________________
* Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
1 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546.
J-A19022-22
a jury trial and a bench trial commenced immediately thereafter. The victim
testified that in the middle of the night, she awoke to find Appellant on top of
her. The victim stated that she initially froze, and Appellant proceeded to
penetrate her vagina with his fingers and penis. Appellant also touched her
breasts with his hands and his mouth before the victim pushed Appellant off
of her. The victim went to her grandmother’s room shortly after, told her
about the assault, and they called the police. The Commonwealth presented
evidence that Appellant’s DNA matched the DNA swabs taken from the victim’s
breasts. A vaginal swab was also taken but no results were determined from
the test. Further, a pelvic exam was conducted on the victim and there was
no evidence of physical trauma in the region.
At the conclusion of the evidence, the trial court found Appellant guilty
of all charges and sentenced him to an aggregate term of 132 to 264 months
of incarceration. This Court affirmed the judgment of sentence on October 4,
2019, and Appellant did not file a petition for allowance of appeal with our
Supreme Court. See Commonwealth v. Garlick, 1690 MDA 2018
(Pa.Super. Oct. 4, 2019) (unpublished memorandum). On November 3, 2020,
Appellant filed a pro se PCRA petition. The court appointed counsel, who filed
a supplemental PCRA petition alleging that trial counsel was ineffective for
failing to adequately advise Appellant regarding the Commonwealth’s plea
offer.
The PCRA court conducted an evidentiary hearing on September 9,
-2-
J-A19022-22
2021. Appellant testified that trial counsel only met with Appellant in person
two or three times at the courthouse. Appellant stated that he had no
opportunity to fully discuss the merits of his case with trial counsel because
he felt uncomfortable discussing the details of his case on the phone.
Appellant claimed trial counsel informed him that the Commonwealth offered
a plea deal but dismissed it saying, “we don’t want that.” Appellant insisted
that trial counsel bolstered Appellant’s confidence in taking his case to trial by
diminishing the importance of the DNA evidence, telling Appellant that the
victim’s statements were inconsistent, and leading Appellant to believe that
the results of the physical examination showing that the victim’s hymen was
intact would result in an acquittal. Appellant maintained that if trial counsel
had properly advised him of the weight of the evidence against him, Appellant
would have accepted the Commonwealth’s plea offer.
Trial counsel testified that although he met with Appellant in person at
the courthouse only once, he had many conversations with Appellant over the
phone and by written correspondence. Trial counsel stated that he discussed
the entirety of the discovery with Appellant, including the fact that the victim’s
statements were largely consistent throughout the course of her interviews.
Trial counsel advised Appellant that the victim’s statements alone could be
sufficient to convict Appellant. Trial counsel further informed Appellant that
the medical report showing that the victim’s hymen was intact would not be
dispositive of Appellant’s guilt. Additionally, trial counsel informed Appellant
-3-
J-A19022-22
that Appellant’s DNA was discovered on the victim’s breasts.
Trial counsel testified that he had multiple conversations with the
Commonwealth’s attorney to discuss the charges against Appellant and secure
a plea offer. Trial counsel related the Commonwealth’s plea offer to Appellant
and strongly recommended that Appellant consider the offer based on “what
[trial counsel] believed the evidence would be at the time of trial [and] the
potential lengthy sentence that [Appellant] may face if he were to be
convicted.” (N.T. PCRA Hearing, 9/9/21, at 9). Trial counsel stated that he
communicated this recommendation to Appellant multiple times, and received
varying responses from Appellant. Specifically, Appellant initially opposed
accepting any plea offer but eventually told trial counsel that Appellant was
only open to accepting a plea offer that guaranteed incarceration at a county
jail and no sex offender registration requirements. Trial counsel told Appellant
these were not terms that could be negotiated, and “prior to trial, it was
abundantly clear that [Appellant] would be proceeding to trial.” (Id. at 14).
On January 18, 2022, the PCRA court denied PCRA relief. Appellant filed
a timely notice of appeal on January 27, 2022. The court did not order, and
Appellant did not file, a concise statement of errors complained of on appeal
pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b).
As a preliminary matter, appellate counsel has filed a motion to
-4-
J-A19022-22
withdraw in this Court and a Turner/Finley brief.2 Before counsel can be
permitted to withdraw from representing a petitioner under the PCRA,
Pennsylvania law requires counsel to file a “no-merit” brief or letter pursuant
to Turner and Finley. Commonwealth v. Karanicolas, 836 A.2d 940(Pa.Super. 2003).
[C]ounsel must…submit a “no-merit” letter to the [PCRA]
court, or brief on appeal to this Court, detailing the nature
and extent of counsel’s diligent review of the case, listing
the issues which the petitioner wants to have reviewed,
explaining why and how those issues lack merit, and
requesting permission to withdraw.
Commonwealth v. Wrecks, 931 A.2d 717, 721 (Pa.Super. 2007). Counsel
must also send to the petitioner a copy of the “no-merit” letter or brief and
motion to withdraw and advise petitioner of his right to proceed pro se or with
privately retained counsel. Id. “Substantial compliance with these
requirements will satisfy the criteria.” Karanicolas, supra at 947.
Instantly, appellate counsel has filed a motion to withdraw and a
Turner/Finley brief detailing the nature of counsel’s review and explaining
why Appellant’s issues lack merit. Counsel’s brief also demonstrates that he
reviewed the certified record and found no meritorious issues for appeal.
Counsel notified Appellant of counsel’s request to withdraw, advised Appellant
regarding his right to retain new counsel and/or proceed pro se, and furnished
____________________________________________
2See Commonwealth v. Turner, 518 Pa. 491, 544 A.2d 927 (1988) and
Commonwealth v. Finley, 550 A.2d 213 (Pa.Super. 1988) (en banc).
-5-
J-A19022-22
Appellant with a copy of the petition and the brief prepared for this appeal.
Thus, counsel has substantially complied with the Turner/Finley
requirements. See Wrecks, supra; Karanicolas, supra. Accordingly, we
proceed with our independent assessment. See Turner, supra at 494-95,
544 A.2d at 928-29 (stating appellate court must conduct independent
analysis and agree with counsel that appeal is frivolous).
Counsel raises the following issue on Appellant’s behalf:3
Whether the PCRA court erred by denying Appellant’s PCRA
petition by holding that the testimony presented by trial
counsel at the PCRA hearing was credible and Appellant’s
testimony was not credible?
(Turner/Finley Brief, at 2).
“Our standard of review of the denial of a PCRA petition is limited to
examining whether the evidence of record supports the court’s determination
and whether its decision is free of legal error.” Commonwealth v. Beatty,
207 A.3d 957, 960-61 (Pa.Super. 2019), appeal denied, 655 Pa. 482, 218
A.3d 850 (2019). This Court grants great deference to the factual findings of
the PCRA court if the record contains any support for those findings.
Commonwealth v. Howard, 249 A.3d 1229 (Pa.Super. 2021). “[W]e review
the court’s legal conclusions de novo.” Commonwealth v. Prater, 256 A.3d
1274, 1282 (Pa.Super. 2021). Further, “we must defer to the PCRA court’s
____________________________________________
3 Appellant has not responded to the Turner/Finley brief pro se or with newly
retained private counsel.
-6-
J-A19022-22
findings of fact and credibility determinations, which are supported by the
record.” Commonwealth v. Diaz, 183 A.3d 417, 421 (Pa.Super. 2018),
aff’d, 657 Pa. 618, 226 A.3d 995 (2020).
“Counsel is presumed to have rendered effective assistance.”
Commonwealth v. Hopkins, 231 A.3d 855, 871 (Pa.Super. 2020), appeal
denied, ___ Pa. ___, 242 A.3d 908 (2020).
[T]o establish a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, a
defendant must show, by a preponderance of the evidence,
ineffective assistance of counsel which, in the circumstances
of the particular case, so undermined the truth-determining
process that no reliable adjudication of guilt or innocence
could have taken place. The burden is on the defendant to
prove all three of the following prongs: (1) the underlying
claim is of arguable merit; (2) that counsel had no
reasonable strategic basis for his or her action or inaction;
and (3) but for the errors and omissions of counsel, there is
a reasonable probability that the outcome of the
proceedings would have been different.
Commonwealth v. Sandusky, 203 A.3d 1033, 1043 (Pa.Super. 2019),
appeal denied, 654 Pa. 568, 216 A.3d 1029 (2019) (internal citations and
quotation marks omitted). The failure to satisfy any prong of the test for
ineffectiveness will cause the claim to fail. Commonwealth v. Chmiel, 612
Pa. 333, 30 A.3d 1111 (2011).
Instantly, the PCRA court made the following credibility determinations:
[The PCRA court] ultimately found the testimony presented
by [trial counsel] at the PCRA hearing to be credible and did
not find [Appellant] credible. … [Trial counsel] acted
competently and adequately advised [Appellant] of the plea
offer and all aspects of the case, including the
Commonwealth’s evidence against [Appellant], potential
defenses, potential outcomes, and his recommendation.
-7-
J-A19022-22
[Appellant] made a knowing, intelligent, and voluntary
decision to reject the plea offer, against the advice of his
attorney.
(PCRA Court Opinion, filed 1/18/22, at 5) (unpaginated).
The record supports the PCRA court’s findings. Trial counsel testified
that he had multiple discussions with Appellant about the evidence in this
case, including the victim’s consistent statements, the DNA evidence
corroborating the victim’s statements, and the evidentiary value of the
medical report showing that the victim’s hymen was intact. Trial counsel
further stated that he advised Appellant to strongly consider accepting the
plea offer but Appellant rejected the offer and wanted to procced to trial. As
it is strictly within the purview of the PCRA court to make credibility
determinations, we discern no error in the court’s determination that
Appellant’s ineffective assistance of counsel claim is without merit. See Diaz,
supra. Following our independent review of the record, we agree with counsel
that the appeal is frivolous. See Turner, supra. Accordingly, we affirm the
court’s order denying PCRA relief and grant counsel’s petition to withdraw.
Order affirmed; counsel’s petition to withdraw is granted.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 02/23/2023
-8-