Phansackdy, S. v. Reilly Foam ( 2019 )

J-A10032-19
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
SENETHAVISAY PHANSACKDY : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
Appellant :
:
v. :
:
REILLY FOAM CORPORATION :
:
Appellee : No. 2713 EDA 2018
Appeal from the Order Dated July 26, 2018
In the Court of Common Pleas of Montgomery County
Civil Division at No(s): 2017-19519
BEFORE: GANTMAN, P.J.E., LAZARUS, J., and OTT, J.
MEMORANDUM BY GANTMAN, P.J.E.: FILED MAY 20, 2019
Appellant, Senethavisay Phansackdy, appeals from the order entered in
the Montgomery County Court of Common Pleas, which granted the motion of
Appellee, Reilly Foam Corporation, for judgment on the pleadings. We affirm.
In its opinion, the trial court accurately set forth the relevant facts and
procedural history of this case. Therefore, we have no reason to restate them.
Appellant raises one issue for our review:
WHETHER THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION AND
ERRED AS A MATTER OF LAW BY GRANTING [APPELLEE’S]
MOTION FOR JUDGMENT ON THE PLEADINGS DESPITE
[APPELLANT’S] ASSERTION THAT [APPELLEE] FLAGRANTLY
AND INTENTIONALLY ALTERED MANUFACTURING
EQUIPMENT TO INCREASE PRODUCTION AT THE EXPENSE
OF WORKER SAFETY, AND PROVIDED NO TRAINING OR
SAFETY INSTRUCTION TO WORKERS ASSIGNED TO WORK
ON THE ALTERED AND DANGEROUS MACHINERY THEREBY
ASSURING THAT A SERIOUS INJURY WAS LIKELY TO
OCCUR, WHICH CONDUCT FAR EXCEEDS THE SCOPE AND
J-A10032-19
INTENT OF THE PENNSYLVANIA WORKERS’ COMPENSATION
ACT AS DETERMINED BY THE SUPREME COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA, AND MUST QUALIFY FOR THE
INTENTIONAL TORT EXCEPTION TO EMPLOYER IMMUNITY
REGARDLESS OF WHETHER [APPELLANT’S] INJURY IS AN
AGGRAVATION OF A PRIOR WORK INJURY OR A NEWLY
SUSTAINED INJURY.
(Appellant’s Brief at 3-4).
After a thorough review of the record, the briefs of the parties, the
applicable law, and the well-reasoned opinion of the Honorable Gail
Weilheimer, we conclude Appellant’s issue merits no relief. The trial court
opinion comprehensively discusses and properly disposes of the question
presented. (See Trial Court Opinion, filed December 17, 2018, at 3-7)
(finding: Appellant’s claims against her employer are barred by exclusivity
provision of Pennsylvania Workers’ Compensation Act (“WCA”); exclusivity
provision of WCA does not contain exception for intentional torts; Appellant’s
complaint sets forth that Appellee’s conduct was intentional with knowledge
that injury suffered by Appellant was likely to result from removal of safety
interlock on piece of machinery; nevertheless, exclusivity is triggered where
cause of action arises from employee who sustained injury while engaged in
furtherance of business or affairs of employer; Appellant’s claim of fraudulent
misrepresentation also fails to pierce exclusivity provision of WCA because
Appellant failed to aver that incident at issue aggravated any pre-existing
condition). Accordingly, we affirm on the basis of the trial court’s opinion.
Order affirmed.
-2-
J-A10032-19
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 5/20/19
-3-
2017-19519-0030
Circulated Opinion,
05/09/2019 Page 1
04:06 PM
IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
CIVIL DMSION
SENETHAVISAY PHANSACKDY
Common Pleas Court No:
2017-19519
v.
Superior Court No:
REILLY FOAM CORPORATION 2713 EDA 2018
OPINION
WEILHEIMER, J. December. f� 2018
The underlying Plaintiff/Employee, Senethavisay Phansackdy, instantly appeals to the Superior
Court of Pennsylvania (uSuperior Court") from the July 26, 2018 Order entered by this Court of Common
Pleas of Montgomery County ("trial court"), granting Defendant's May 1, 2018 "Motion for Judgment on
the Pleadings."(See Order, 7/26/18 (#18).) For the reasons that follow, said trial court Order should be
affirmed.
FACTUAL & PROCEDURAL msTORY
The instant matter commenced on December 21, 20161 when Plaintiff/Employee, Senethavisay
Phansackdy ("Appellant"), filed Complaint in Civil Action alleging products liability, battery and
fraudulent misrepresentation against her employer, Defendant/Employer Reilly Foam Corporation
("Appellee"). (See Complaint, 8/2/2017 (#0).)
The underlying facts which resulted in the instant civil action occurred on May 6, 2015, in
Eagleville, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. (Jd.) �P<,,t\ant-alleged that her right hand was crushed
while she was operating machinery at the Reilly Foam facility. (Id. at 1 10.) At the time of her accident,
Appellant was working in the course of her employment. (Id.)
After the relevant pleadings closed, Appellee filed its motion for judgment on the pleadings on
May 1, 2018. (See "Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings", S/1/18 (#11).) On May 30, 3018, Appellant
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Appellant originally filed her Complaint in Philadelphia County. On June 13, 2017, the Philadelphia
Court entered an Order transferring this matter to Montgomery County Court of Common Pleas.
2017-19519-0030 Opinion, Page 2
replied to said motion. (See Appellant's Response, 5/30/18 (#14).) Subsequently on July 26, 2018, the
trial court granted Appellee's motion. (See Order, 7/26/18 (#18).)
On August 6, 2018, Appellant filed its motion for reconsideration of said July 26, 2018 Order.
(Motion for Reconsideration, 8/6/18 (#19).) The trial court scheduled oral argument on Appellant's
Motion for Reconsideration. (See Order, 8/15/18 (#23).)2 On August 23, 2018, Appellant filed her timely
Notice of Appeal from the trial court's July 26, 2018 Order. (See "Notice of Appeal", 8/23/18 (#24).)
The trial court required a clarification of the errors complained of on appeal, and thus, directed
Appellant to file a Concise Statement of Issues Complained of on Appeal, within twenty-one (21) days, in
accordance with Pa. R.A.P. I 925(b). (See Order 9/7/l 8, (#26).)
On September 27, 2018, Appellant filed her Concise Statement of Issues Complained of on
Appeal in wherein Appellant raised nine (9) issues. The legal issues named on appeal can be summarized
as follows:
I. THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION AND ERRED AS A
MATIER OF LAW IN GRANTING APPELLEE'S MOTION FOR
JUDGMENT ON THE PLEADINGS
2. TIIE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION AND ERRED AS A
MATTER OF LAW IN DETERMINING THAT APPELLANT,S CLAIM
THAT SHE WAS INJURED AS A RESULT OF INTENTIONAL TORT
AND FRAUDULENT MISREPRESENTATION COMMITIED BY HER
EMPLOYER IS PRECLUDED BY THE EXCLUSIVITY PROVISION OF
THE PENNSYLVANIA WORKERS' COMPENSATION ACT
3. THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION AND ERRED AS A
MATTER OF LAW IN DETERMINING THAT APPELLANT'S CLAIM
TIIAT SHE WAS INJURED AS A RESULT OF INTENTIONAL TORT
AND FRAUDULENT MISREPRESENTATION COMMITIED BY HER·
EMPLOYER IS PRECLUDED BECAUSE SHE DID NOT SUSTAIN AN
AGORAVATION OF A PRE-EXISTING CONDITION
4. THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION AND ERRED AS A
MATIER OF LAW BY FAILING TO ACKNOWLEDGE THAT
COURTS IN OTHER JURISDICTIONS AROUND THE COUNTRY
2
The trial court subsequently cancelled oral argument after receiving notice of appeal. (See Order,
8/29/18 (#25).)
2
2017-19519-0030 Opinion, Page 3
HAVE HELD THAT INTENTIONAL ACTS ARE NO SUBJECT TO THE
EXCLUSIVITY PROVISIONS UNDER WORKERS COMPENSATION
(Appellant's Concise Statement, 9/27/18 (#28).)
DISCUSSION
I. STANDARD OF REVIEW
The scope and standard of review in appeals of a grant or denial of a motion for judgment on the
pleadings is well settled. The Superior Court applies the same standard as the trial court and confines its
consideration to the pleadings and documents properly attached thereto. Okeke-Henry v. Sw, Airlines,
Co., 163 A.3d 1014, 1017 (Pa. Super. 2017) (citations and quotation marks omitted). The Court will
review to determine whether the trial court's action respecting the motion for judgment on the pleadings
was based on a clear error of law or whether there were facts disclosed by the pleadings which should
properly go to the jury. (Id.)
The Court will affirm the grant of judgment on the pleadings if the moving party's right to succeed is
certain and the case is so free from doubt that trial would clearly be a fruitless exercise. Municipality of
Mt. Lebanon v. Reliance Ins. Co., 778 A.2d 1228, 1231 (Pa.Super.2001) (citations and quotation marks
omitted).
II. THE TRIAL COURT DID NOT ERR AS A MATTER OF LAW WHEN IT GRANTED
APPELLEE'S MOTION FOR JUDGMENT ON THE PLEADINGS
Entry of judgment on the pleadings is permitted under Pennsylvania Rules of Civil Procedure 1034,
which provides for such judgment after the pleadings are closed, but within such time as not to delay trial.
A motion for judgment on the pleadings is similar to a demurrer. See Kelly v. Hazelton Gen. Hosp., 837
A.2d, 490, 493 (Pa.Super. 2003).
It may be entered where there arc no disputed issues of fact and the moving party is entitled to
judgment as a matter of law. In determining if there is a dispute as to facts, the court must confine its
consideration to the pleadings and relevant documents. Cole v. Lawrence, 701 A.2d 987, 988
3
2017-19519-0030 Opinion, Page 4
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!; (Pa.Super.1997); see also Pa.R.C.P. 1017 (stating "pleadings' are limited to: (1) a complaint and an
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counter-reply if the reply to a counterclaim or cross-claim new matter; (4) a preliminary objection and a
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�� response thereto.") The trial court found that, assuming all facts averred in the pleadings are true; the law
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precludes recovery from Appellee as Appellant fails to state a claim for which relief may be granted.
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�§ A. Appellant's Claims are Barred by the Exclusivity Provision of the Worken'
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Compensation Act
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jl t The trial court granted Appellee's motion finding that Appellant's claims against her employer were
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[� barred by the exclusivity provision of 77 P.S. § 481, which provides that the Pennsylvania Workers'
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!J Compensation Act (''the Act") is the employee's exclusive remedy against her employer for injuries
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�� Under the Act, employers are generally immune from suit by their employees regarding work related
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0 '€ injuries. Id. The Pennsylvania Legislature adopted said Act to balance competing policy interests between
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( � regardless of fault pursuant to 77 P.S. § SOI, and in exchange they are vested with two important rights:
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00 15 exclusivity and immunity from suit pursuant to 77 P.S. § 481. Thompson v. Workers' Comp. Appeal Bd.
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8� The Act provides the following definitions regarding "exclusivity" of remedy regarding the employer
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Exclusiveness of remedy; actions by and against third party; contnct indemnifying third party
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�� The liability of an employer under this act shall be exclusive and in place of any and all other liability
iJ to such employes (sic) ... in any action at law or otherwise on account of any injury or death....
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i'o � 77 P.S. § 481(a).
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�1 "Injury," "penonal injury," and "injury arising in the coune of his employment" deftned
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2017-19519-0030 Opinion, Page 5
The tenns "injury" and "personal injury:• as used in this act, shall be construed to mean an injury to
an employe (sic), regardless of his previous physical condition, arising in the course of his
employment and related thereto.... The tenn "injury arising in the course of his employment," as used
in this article, ... shall include all other injuries sustained while the employe (sic) is actually engaged
in the furtherance of the business or affairs of the employer ....
77 P.S. § 411(1).
"As the above statutory language retlect[s], the focus of the exclusivity provision of the Act is to limit
the liability of an employer on account of injury arising in the course of the employee's employment with
the employer. In other words, the exclusivity is triggered if, when the cause of action arises, the plaintiff
was an employee who 'sustained' 'injury' while 'actually engaged in furtherance of the business or affairs
of the employer."' Minto v. J.B. Hunt Transp., Inc., '\j I A.2d 1280, 1284 (Pa. Super. 2009).
The Act bars actions in tort by an employee against her employer, with certain limited exceptions.
Hershey v. Ninety-Five Assoc., 604 A.2d 1068, 1069 (Pa.Super, 1992). Pennsylvania courts have been
extremely reluctant to grant Workers' Compensation exceptions, See e.g., Kuney 11. PMA Insurance Co.,
525 Pa. 171, 578 A.2d 1285, 1286 (Pa. 1990) (immunity from tort action extends to worker's
compensation insurer despite its alleged fraudulent and deceitful conduct to deprive injured employees of
their worker's compensation benefits) and Shaffer v. Procter & Gamble, 604 A.2d 289 (Pa. Super.1992)
(Workers' Compensation Act precluded intentional infliction of emotional distress claim based on
employer's harassment of injured employee in connection with treating the work-related injury).
Moreover, in Poyser 11. Newman & Co., Inc., the Pennsylvania Supreme Court determined the
plaintiff's intentional torts claims against her employer were barred by Section 481. 522 A.2d 548 (Pa.
1987). In the Poysner complaint, the plaintiff claims that he was injured by machinery after his employer
ordered certain saftey devices to be removed. Id. at 549. The Court upheld the dismissal of plaintiff's
claims because the exclusivity provision of the Workers' Compensation Act did not include an exception
for intentional torts. Id. at 551. In doing so, the Court reinforced that the Act was the exclusive remedy
from his employer for "any work-related injury". Id. at 550.
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2017-19519-0030 Opinion, Page 6
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�.._ Similarly to the plaintiff in Poysne,. Appellant's Complaint sets for the material facts, when viewed
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as true, that Appellee's conduct was intentionally done with knowledge that the injury suffered by
18
�� Appellant was likely to result from the removal of the safety interlock on the aforesaid machinery. (See
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Complaint, 8/2/2017 (#0).) Nevertheless, exclusivity is triggered because the cause of action arises from
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�i an employee who "sustained" "injury" while "actually engaged in furtherance of the business or affairs of
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-� � the employer" as Appellant admits that the subject incident occurred while she was acting within the
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s la course and scope of her employment. (Id. at, 10.)
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-� � Where an employee can demonstrate ( 1) fraudulent misrepresentetion, which (2) leads to the aggravation
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s168 A.2d 1172 (Pa. Super. 2001)( holding that both fraud and delay leading
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g 55 to the exacerbation of a work-related injury must be present to remove a claim from the exclusivity
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8 provision of Workers' Compensation Act, was not applicable, and thus, exclusivity provision barred
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�" wrongful death and survival action brought by administratrix of estate of employee, who suffered fatal
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�o-I injuries in course of employment; administratrix was not seeking relief for an aggravation of employee's
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In Martin v. Lancaster Battery Co. Inc., et al., the Pennsylvania Supreme Court held that where an
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of a work-related injury, the employee is not barred from pursuing a common law claim against the
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employer. Martin, 606 A.2d 4"'1:,t�a. 1992) (emphasis added).
The employer in Martin was charged with the responsibility of monitoring the level of lead in the
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t employee's blood. The employer intentionally withheld and altered Martin's blood test results, causing
gi aggravation of Martin's injury and resulting in his common law claim against Lancaster Battery.
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2017-19519-0030 Opinion, Page 7
Appellant failed to make any avenncnts that the subject incident aggravated a pre-existing condition.
Thus, pursuant to Exclusivity Provision of the Workers' Compensation Act, the law precludes recovery
and, as such, Appellant fails to state a claim for which relief may be granted.
CONCLUSION
Wherefore the reasons stated above, the trial court's July 26, 2018 Order is proper and should be
affirmed.
BY TIIE COURT:
J.
Copies sent OD December r1 , 2018, to:
Superior Court Prothonotary
Court Administration - Civil Division
Plaintiff Counsel, Brian M. Penis, Esq.
� Co�vid R. Bronstein, Esq.
4V ",,
7