Com. v. Lites, B. ( 2019 )

J-S80045-18
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
BRANDON LITES :
:
Appellant : No. 822 EDA 2018
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence February 12, 2018
In the Court of Common Pleas of Delaware County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-23-CR-0000302-2016
BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., BOWES, J., and NICHOLS, J.
MEMORANDUM BY NICHOLS, J.: FILED FEBRUARY 01, 2019
Appellant Brandon Lites appeals from the judgment of sentence,
following a jury trial, for burglary,1 attempted rape,2 indecent assault,3
criminal trespass,4 and simple assault.5 Appellant’s counsel has filed a petition
to withdraw pursuant to Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967), and
Appellant has filed a pro se response. We affirm and grant counsel’s petition
to withdraw.
____________________________________________
1 18 Pa.C.S. § 3502.
2 18 Pa.C.S. § 3121.
3 18 Pa.C.S. § 3126.
4 18 Pa.C.S. § 3503.
5 18 Pa.C.S. § 2701.
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Because the parties are familiar with this matter, we do not extensively
restate the facts of this case. Briefly, the Commonwealth charged Appellant
with the above-mentioned offenses for a June 24, 2014 incident in which an
individual sexually assaulted the then-eighty-one year old victim inside the
victim’s apartment.
Prior to trial, Appellant filed a motion for a competency determination
of the victim. The trial court denied Appellant’s motion without prejudice to
re-raise the issue at the time of trial.6 Order, 10/27/17.
At the jury trial, the victim testified at the jury trial about the sexual
assault, but did not identify Appellant as the perpetrator of the assault.7 The
Commonwealth, however, introduced DNA evidence from a “rape kit” that
inculpated Appellant. N.T., 12/20/17, at 43, 112. Appellant testified on his
own behalf and denied any involvement in the attack.
The jury found Appellant guilty, and the trial court sentenced Appellant
to an aggregate sentence of twenty to forty years’ imprisonment. Appellant
did not file post-sentence motions.
____________________________________________
6 According to the docket, the Commonwealth, on December 18, 2017, made
an oral motion in limine to preclude any mention of a competency evaluation,
which the trial court granted that same day. Docket at 5. Additionally, the
trial court referred to the victim testifying at competency hearing before trial.
See N.T., 12/20/17, at 47.
7 Appellant’s trial counsel did not object to the victim’s competence during the
victim’s trial testimony.
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Appellant timely appealed, and the trial court ordered Appellant to
comply with Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b), and Appellant’s counsel filed a Pa.R.A.P.
1925(c)(4) statement of intent to file an Anders brief.
Appellant’s counsel has now filed a petition to withdraw and an Anders
brief with this Court.
In the Anders brief, counsel raises one question:
Did the trial court err in denying the motion of [Appellant’s]
counsel for an evaluation of the competency of the alleged victim,
R.L. to testify at the trial of [Appellant]?
Anders Brief at 6. As discussed below, Appellant filed a pro se letter raising
numerous additional issues.
“When faced with a purported Anders brief, this Court may not review
the merits of any possible underlying issues without first examining counsel’s
request to withdraw.” Commonwealth v. Wimbush, 951 A.2d 379, 382 (Pa.
Super. 2008) (citation omitted). We set forth the Anders requirements in
Commonwealth v. Orellana, 86 A.3d 877 (Pa. Super. 2014):
Prior to withdrawing as counsel on a direct appeal under Anders,
counsel must file a brief that meets the requirements established
by our Supreme Court in Commonwealth v. Santiago, 978 A.2d
349 (Pa. 2009). The brief must:
(1) provide a summary of the procedural history and facts,
with citations to the record;
(2) refer to anything in the record that counsel believes
arguably supports the appeal;
(3) set forth counsel’s conclusion that the appeal is
frivolous; and
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(4) state counsel’s reasons for concluding that the appeal is
frivolous. Counsel should articulate the relevant facts of
record, controlling case law, and/or statutes on point that
have led to the conclusion that the appeal is frivolous.
Santiago, 978 A.2d at 361. Counsel also must provide a copy of
the Anders brief to his client. Attending the brief must be a letter
that advises the client of his right to: “(1) retain new counsel to
pursue the appeal; (2) proceed pro se on appeal; or (3) raise any
points that the appellant deems worthy of the court[’]s attention
in addition to the points raised by counsel in the Anders brief.”
Orellana, 86 A.3d at 879-80 (some citations omitted). If counsel complies
with these requirements, then “we will make a full examination of the
proceedings in the lower court and render an independent judgment [as to]
whether the appeal is in fact ‘frivolous.’” Id. at 882 n.7 (citation omitted).
Finally, “this Court must conduct an independent review of the record to
discern if there are any additional, non-frivolous issues overlooked by
counsel.” Commonwealth v. Flowers, 113 A.3d 1246, 1250 (Pa. Super.
2015) (footnote and citation omitted); accord Commonwealth v. Yorgey,
188 A.3d 1190, 1197 (Pa. Super. 2018) (en banc).
Here, counsel’s petition to withdraw and brief comply with the technical
requirements of Anders and Santiago. See Orellana, 86 A.3d at 879-80.
Counsel’s brief summarizes the procedural history and facts, includes
arguments that could support the issue raised on appeal, and cites legal
authority to support its conclusion that the appeal is frivolous. Counsel also
served Appellant with a copy of the brief and petition to withdraw, and the
petition advised Appellant of his right to retain new counsel or proceed pro se
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to raise any points that he deems worthy of this Court's attention. We
conclude that counsel has met the requirements of Anders and Santiago,
and will therefore address the issue raised in the Anders brief.
As noted above, counsel identifies a single challenge to the victim’s
competence to testify. Anders Brief at 15. Counsel notes that the victim
“clearly had difficulty recalling numerous facts about the alleged attack [and
that] counsel for the Commonwealth and the judge of the trial court needed
to ask numerous questions repeatedly to get the answers that they sought.”
Id.We review the trial court’s ruling on a witness’s competency to testify
or the need for a competency hearing for an abuse of discretion.
Commonwealth v. Delbridge, 855 A.2d 27, 39 (Pa. 2003) (holding, a
“decision on the necessity of a competency hearing is addressed to the
discretion of the trial court.” (citation omitted)). Pennsylvania Rule of
Evidence 601 provides as follows:
(a) General Rule. Every person is competent to be a witness
except as otherwise provided by statute or in these rules.
(b) Disqualification for Specific Defects. A person is
incompetent to testify if the court finds that because of a mental
condition or immaturity the person:
(1) is, or was, at any relevant time, incapable of perceiving
accurately;
(2) is unable to express himself or herself so as to be understood
either directly or through an interpreter;
(3) has an impaired memory; or
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(4) does not sufficiently understand the duty to tell the truth.
Pa.R.E. 601.
This Court has stated:
In general, the testimony of any person, regardless of her mental
condition, is competent evidence, unless it contributes nothing at
all because the victim is wholly untrustworthy. Thus, in
Pennsylvania, a witness is presumed competent to testify, and it
is incumbent upon the party challenging the testimony to establish
incompetence. Above all, given the general presumption of
competency of all witnesses, a court ought not to order a
competency investigation, unless the court has actually observed
the witness testify and still has doubts about the witness’
competency.
Commonwealth v. Boich, 982 A.2d 102, 109-10 (Pa. Super. 2009) (en
banc) (quotation marks, brackets, citation, and footnote omitted). “The
capacity to remember and the ability to testify truthfully about the matter
remembered are components of testimonial competency. The party alleging
a witness is incompetent to testify must prove that contention by clear and
convincing evidence.” Id. at 110 (citations omitted).
Following our review, we conclude that Appellant’s intended challenge
to the competency of the victim is frivolous. See id. The trial court was well
within its discretion to deny Appellant’s pre-trial motion without prejudice.
See id. Appellant did not re-raise his objection at trial. Furthermore, the trial
court observed the victim testify at trial and did not signal any concern about
her competency. See id. Nothing in the victim’s testimony reflected a basis
for Appellant or the trial court to establish that the victim was incapable of
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perceiving the assault she experienced, was unable to make herself
understood, had an impaired memory, or did not understand her duty to tell
the truth. See Boich, 982 A.2d at 109-10. Therefore, we agree with
Appellant’s counsel that this claim lacks any support in the record or law. See
Orellana, 86 A.3d at 882 n.7.
We next address the thirteen issues raised in Appellant’s pro se
response.8 “[W]hen an appellant, either acting pro se or through private
counsel, files a response to the Anders brief, our independent review is
limited to those issues raised in the Anders brief. We then review the
subsequent pro se or counseled filing as we do any advocate’s brief.”
Commonwealth v. Bennett, 124 A.3d 327, 333 (Pa. Super. 2015).
We quote Appellant’s first five issues in his pro se response as follows:
1) [Appellant] submits that mitigating circumstances are present
in this case given that [Appellant] was denied DNA expert witness
to be present and[/]or available to aid [the] jury with
interpretation of scientific evidence beyond the competence of a
lay person pursuant to (Pa.R.E. 702-3)[. Appellant] cites Todd
Heller, Inc. v. United Parcel Service, 754 A.2d 689[.]
2) Detective [Nelson] Collins[’s] testimony of the description of
the attacker having a moustache was hearsay, false and
inconsistent with previous testimony statements made in prior
official proceeding under oath pursuant to 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 4902[.]
____________________________________________
8 Initially, we note that Appellant’s pro se response consists of only the issues
without any argument or reference to the record where the issue appears or
stating where the issue was preserved. Although this Court “will not act as
counsel and will not develop arguments on behalf of” Appellant, see
Commonwealth v. Kane, 10 A.3d 327, 331 (Pa. Super. 2010), we review
Appellant’s issues to determine whether they are frivolous.
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3) [Trial counsel] failed to object and cross-examine Detective
Collins on his inconsistent testimony of the description of the
attacker pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254[. Appellant] cites
Commonwealth v. Rolan[,] 742 A.2d 210[,] No[.] 4591 Phila[.]
1997 slip op. (Pa. Super. Ct. 1999)[.]
4) [Trial counsel] failed to investigate that [Appellant] wasn’t even
staying, nor was [he] in Pa. at the time or during when this crime
occurred pursuant to Strickland[,] 466 U.S. at 689[. Appellant]
cites United States v. Gray, 878 F.2d 702[,] 711 (3d Cir.
1989)[.]
5) Jury was denied taking notes during the course of [Appellant’s
criminal] trial. During their deliberations[,] they lacked notes
which could have helped them refresh and recollect expert witness
testimony to be used as memory aids pursuant to Rule 644 Trial
Procedures[.]
Appellant’s Pro Se Resp., 12/3/18, at 1-2 (unpaginated).
Appellant’s first issue appears to be claiming that the court erred in
denying his request for a DNA expert witness. Appellant’s Pro Se Resp. at 1.
Appellant, however, has not identified where in the record he requested any
such expert and our review has not identified any such request. Thus, he has
not preserved his issue for appellate review. See Pa.R.A.P. 302(a) (stating,
“[i]ssues not raised in the lower court are waived and cannot be raised for the
first time on appeal”).
Appellant’s second issue also is frivolous. By way of background,
Detective Collins was not asked at the preliminary hearing about Appellant’s
appearance, let alone whether Appellant had a moustache. N.T. Hr’g,
1/11/16, at 54-64. At trial, Detective Collins testified that Appellant’s driver’s
license photo depicted him with a moustache, which was consistent with the
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victim’s description of her attacker. N.T. Trial, 12/20/17, at 86. Therefore,
there was no conflict between Detective Collins’s preliminary hearing
testimony and his trial testimony.
Appellant’s third and fourth issues pertain to trial counsel’s purported
ineffective assistance. Appellant, however, has not asserted any claim of
ineffective assistance of trial counsel that can be considered on direct appeal
under Commonwealth v. Holmes, 79 A.3d 562, 576 (Pa. 2013). Therefore,
these claims must be deferred to Post Conviction Relief Act review. See id.Appellant’s last eight claims challenge purported errors at his
preliminary hearing. See Appellant’s Pro Se Resp., 12/3/18, at 3-4
(unpaginated). It is well-settled that any purported defect or error at the
preliminary hearing stage is immaterial if the defendant has been found guilty
at trial. See Commonwealth v. Sanchez, 82 A.3d 943, 984 (Pa. 2013)
(holding, “once a defendant has gone to trial and has been found guilty of the
crime or crimes charged, any defect in the preliminary hearing is rendered
immaterial”). Here, Appellant had been found guilty after a jury trial. Thus,
any alleged errors occurring at his preliminary hearing are immaterial. See
id. Accordingly, we grant counsel’s petition to withdraw and affirm Appellant’s
judgment of sentence.
Petition to withdraw granted. Judgment of sentence affirmed.
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Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 2/1/19
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