Com. v. Dugan, P. ( 2018 )

J-S76035-18
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
PATRICK DUGAN :
:
Appellant : No. 768 WDA 2018
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence April 24, 2018
In the Court of Common Pleas of Fayette County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-26-CR-0000817-2016
BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., KUNSELMAN, J., and MURRAY, J.
MEMORANDUM BY MURRAY, J.: FILED DECEMBER 24, 2018
Patrick Dugan (Appellant) appeals from the judgment of sentence
imposed after the trial court convicted him of two counts of attempted
homicide,1 16 counts each of aggravated assault and recklessly endangering
another person (REAP),2 and one count of discharging a firearm into an
occupied structure.3 Appellant challenges the sufficiency of the evidence.4
Upon review, we affirm.
At approximately 5:00 p.m. on January 26, 2016, Roy Friend called Zach
____________________________________________
1 18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 901(a), 2501(a).
2 18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 2702(a)(1), 2705.
3 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 2707.1(a).
4 The Commonwealth has not filed a brief.
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Helisek to buy approximately $1,000 worth of marijuana. N.T. Trial, 2/1/18,
at 115-116 (testimony of Helisek). Helisek did not have the marijuana, but
called Appellant, who did. Id. at 116-117. Helisek drove his car, a blue four-
door sedan, picked up Christian Cicconi, and together they picked up Appellant
from his house in Uniontown. Id. at 118-119. Helisek acknowledged at trial
that earlier that day, he drank alcohol and smoked marijuana. Id. at 141.
The trial court summarized:
Mr. Helisek drove Mr. Cicconi and [Appellant] to an alley . . . in
Smock, Pennsylvania to meet Mr. Friend for the transaction. Mr.
Helisek got out of the car with the [marijuana] and Mr. Friend
asked if he could smell it. Mr. Friend then took the [marijuana]
without paying, got in his car, and sped away.
Enraged, the other three men wanted to either retrieve the
[marijuana] or receive proper payment. Mr. Helisek knew where
Mr. Friend lived and drove to the house. [At approximately 8:00
p.m., a]s Mr. Helisek was driving by slowly, [Appellant] began
shooting from out the back seat window [toward Friend’s house].
Mr. Helisek sped away.
Police were summoned to the residence and began an
investigation of the crime scene.
Trial Court Opinion, 7/31/18, at 2.
Meanwhile, 16 people, including 7 children, were present at Friend’s
house for Friend’s 26th birthday party. Two women, Samantha Hall and Abigail
Hoffman, were on the porch.
At that time, Ms. Hall saw a four-door sedan driving slowly down
the street[.] She saw the rear window on the driver’s side was
down. The next thing she noticed was muzzle fire—red flames—
coming from the rear window on the driver’s side.
As gunshots started ringing out, Ms. Hall fell to the ground.
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Ms. Hoffman stood motionless, so Ms. Hall grabbed her and pulled
her to the ground as well. They huddled there until the gunshots
ended.
Ms. Hall also testified [at trial] that the car was about 30 yards
away, and that the porchlight was on. . . . Three rounds of bullets
hit the porch. They were three-to-four inches above where Ms.
Hall and Ms. Hoffman were standing. Ms. Hall testified that she if
she hadn’t pulled Ms. Hoffman down, Ms. Hoffman would have
been killed, as the rounds that entered the porch were right at the
chest and head level of where they had been standing.
Trial Court Opinion, 7/31/18, at 9-10, citing N.T., 2/1/18, at 39-43.
Additionally, Friend’s mother, who was inside the house, “testified that lights
were on in the house, that people were going in and out,” the gunshots
shattered the windows, and one bullet “struck the kitchen freezer, which
partygoers had been using just moments before the shooting began.” Id. at
11, citing N.T., 2/1/18, at 22. Friend’s mother “had to be pulled down by
another son when the shooting started.” Id., citing N.T., 2/1/18, at 19.
After the shooting, Helisek exchanged telephone calls with someone —
Helisek could not recall who — who stated that they would return the
marijuana if Helisek returned. N.T., 2/1/18, at 127.
The three men returned later that night to [Friend’s] house—this
time in [Appellant’s] car—with the hopes of retrieving the
[marijuana]. Upon arrival near the residence, the three got out
of the car but were shot at by a rifle. They quickly got back in
[Appellant’s] car and sped away. Eventually, [Appellant] got his
vehicle stuck in a snow bank, and was later found by police and
arrested that night.
Trial Court Opinion, 7/31/18, at 2. At the time of his arrest, Appellant had
gunshot residue on his hands. Id. at 8, citing N.T., 4/1/18, at 337. The police
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recovered two handguns, including a Glock 23, clips, and a box of shells in the
area where Appellant’s car had stopped. Trial Court Opinion, 7/31/18, at 8,
citing N.T., 4/1/18, at 235-238. An “eTrace weapons search” revealed that
Appellant had purchased the Glock 23 gun and that casings recovered from
the scene were fired from the Glock 23. Id., citing N.T., 4/1/18, at 236, 329.
Appellant was charged with 16 counts each of attempted homicide,
aggravated assault, and REAP, and one count of discharging a firearm into an
occupied structure. The case proceeded to a two-day bench trial on April 2,
2018. Helisek testified that when he drove to Friend’s house, Appellant sat
behind him, and Cicconi was in the front passenger seat. N.T., 2/1/18, at
122-123. They planned to go inside the house, but as Helisek passed the
front of Friend’s house, Helisek heard gunshots fired from behind him, in the
direction of the house. Id. at 123-124. Helisek also testified that he entered
into a plea deal with regard to his own charges. Id. at 132. Helisek pled
guilty to REAP and received a sentence of two years of probation, and in
exchange, agreed to testify at Appellant’s trial. Id. at 132. Appellant did not
testify or present any evidence.
The trial court found Appellant guilty of two counts of attempted
homicide with respect to Hall and Hoffman; 16 counts of aggravated assault
and REAP, for all 16 occupants at Friend’s house; and one count of discharging
a firearm into an occupied structure. On April 24, 2018, the trial court
sentenced Appellant to an aggregate 5 to 10 years in prison, comprised of:
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(1) two concurrent terms of 5 to 10 years for the two attempted homicide
convictions; and (2) a concurrent term of 3 to 6 years for discharging a
firearm. Appellant did not file a post-sentence motion.
On May 22, 2018, Appellant’s privately-retained counsel filed a motion
to withdraw from representation, along with a notice of appeal, the latter of
which was signed by Appellant only. On May 25th, the trial court granted
counsel’s motion to withdraw, appointed the Fayette County Public Defender’s
Office to represent Appellant, and directed Appellant to file a Pa.R.A.P.
1925(b) statement. Thereafter, Appellant’s current counsel filed a statement,
raising a single issue challenging the sufficiency of the evidence.
On July 12, 2018, this Court issued a per curiam order, noting that
Appellant’s notice of appeal was filed pro se and directing the trial court to
conduct a Grazier hearing to determine whether Appellant intended to
proceed pro se. See Commonwealth v. Grazier, 713 A.2d 81 (Pa. 1998).
The trial court responded that it had allowed Appellant’s trial counsel to
withdraw and had appointed the public defender to represent Appellant. On
July 27th, this Court entered an order noting that Appellant had counsel. As
noted above, the trial court filed an opinion on July 31, 2018.
On appeal, Appellant presents one issue for our review:
WAS THE EVIDENCE LEGALLY AND FACTUALLY INSUFFICIENT TO
SHOW THAT [APPELLANT] COMMITTED THE CRIMES?
Appellant’s Brief at 7. Appellant summarily argues:
The case came down to one witness, Zach Helisek. An individual
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who testified based on his own self-preservation. He would say
anything to stay out of jail. He admitted to smoking marijuana
and [consuming] a large quantity of alcohol before going to make
a drug deal. He admitted he was not forthcoming to the police.
It was not until the Commonwealth drop[ped] all charges but one
[that] he testif[ied] as he did.
Id. at 13-14.
At the outset, we consider Appellant’s court-ordered Rule 1925(b)
statement, which reads, in entirety: “Was the evidence insufficient to find the
Appellant guilty beyond a reasonable doubt of the criminal charges?”
Appellant’s Concise Issue, 6/5/18. The trial court has suggested that this
statement so lacked any specificity that Appellant has waived his issue on
appeal. Trial Court Opinion, 7/31/18, at 3-5. We agree. The trial court
correctly noted that a Rule 1925 statement must concisely identify each ruling
or error with sufficient detail to identify all pertinent issues for the trial court,
and that this Court has found waiver where a Rule 1925(b) statement read:
“The evidence presented by the Commonwealth was insufficient to prove
beyond a reasonable doubt that [Appellant] was guilty of Robbery.” See Trial
Court Opinion, 7/31/18, at 3, citing Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)(4); Commonwealth
v. Hansley, 24 A.3d 410, 415 (Pa. Super. 2011). As noted above, Appellant
was convicted of two counts of attempted homicide, sixteen counts each of
aggravated assault and REAP, and one count of discharging a firearm, all of
which are comprised of discrete elements. The Rule 1925(b) statement in
Hansley only specified the offense of robbery, and not any of its elements;
here, Appellant has not even identified his four convictions. Accordingly, and
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consistent with the applicable legal authority, we conclude that Appellant’s
issue is waived. See Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)(4); Hansley, 24 A.3d at 415.
Moreover, even if Appellant had presented an adequate Rule 1925(b)
statement, we would conclude that his issue was waived for a similarly
deficient brief. This Court has stated:
The Rules of Appellate Procedure require that appellants
adequately develop each issue raised with discussion of pertinent
facts and pertinent authority. See Pa.R.A.P. 2119. It is not this
Court’s responsibility to comb through the record seeking the
factual underpinnings of an appellant’s claim. Further, this Court
will not become counsel for an appellant and develop arguments
on an appellant’s behalf. It [is an appellant’s] responsibility to
provide an adequately developed argument by identifying the
factual bases of his claim and providing citation to and discussion
of relevant authority in relation to those facts. [If he] has failed
to do so, [his] issue waived.
. . . In order to develop a claim challenging the sufficiency of the
evidence properly, an appellant must specifically discuss the
elements of the crime and identify those which he alleges the
Commonwealth failed to prove. [If he] has failed to do so . . . he
has waived this claim for lack of development.
Commonwealth v. Samuel, 102 A.3d 1001, 1005 (Pa. Super. 2014)
(citations omitted). A claim that the Commonwealth’s evidence was incredible
goes to the weight, not the sufficiency, of the evidence. Id.
Despite the trial court’s admonishment regarding the lack of specificity
in his Rule 1925(b) statement, Appellant has presented this Court with a brief
which fails to identify his four convictions and their statutory elements. The
sole allusion to the convictions appears in the statement of the case, where
Appellant mistakenly recounts that he “was charged with Involuntary [sic]
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Criminal Attempt to Commit Homici[de], et al.” Appellant’s Brief at 8.
Appellant’s brief makes no mention of aggravated assault, REAP, or
discharging a firearm into an occupied structure, fails to set forth the statutory
elements of his crimes, and does not identify which particular elements were
allegedly unproven. Further, Appellant does not include, contrary to the
requirements of Pa.R.A.P. 2117(a)(4), “[a] closely condensed chronological
statement . . . of all the facts which are necessary to be known in order to
determine the points in controversy[.]” See Pa.R.A.P. 2117(a)(4). Thus, we
would further conclude that Appellant has waived his issue “for lack of
development.” Samuel, 102 A.3d at 1005.
In any event, our review reveals that no relief would be due. Appellant
generally asserts that Helisek “testified based on his own self-preservation”
and would have said “anything to stay out of jail.” See Appellant’s Brief at
13. He also points out, without further discussion, that Helisek drank alcohol
and smoked marijuana on the day of the shootings. This challenge to the
veracity of Helisek’s testimony goes to the weight of the Commonwealth’s
evidence, not its sufficiency. See Samuel, 102 A.3d at 1005. We would find
this claim waived for Appellant’s failure to raise it before the trial court. See
Pa.R.Crim.P. 607(A)(1)-(3) (claim that the verdict was against the weight of
the evidence shall be raised before or after sentencing).
Also, even if a weight claim were properly before us, we note that
Helisek acknowledged at trial that he had pled guilty to REAP and received a
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sentence of 2 years of probation in exchange for his testimony. See N.T.,
2/1/18, at 132. The trial court, who was the finder of fact, opined that it
accepted Helisek’s testimony identifying Appellant as the person who sat
behind him in the car and fired a gun toward Friend’s house. Trial Court
Opinion, 7/31/18, at 7. The court was free to believe Helisek’s testimony and
weigh it accordingly. See Hansley, 24 A.3d at 416 (“[T]he [trier] of fact
while passing upon the credibility of witnesses and the weight of the evidence
produced, is free to believe all, part or none of the evidence.”). The court
reasoned that the evidence at trial established that Appellant committed
attempted homicide, 18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 901(a), 2501(a), where the requisite
specific intent to kill could be inferred from Appellant’s use of a deadly weapon
upon a vital part of the bodies of Hall and Hoffman, who were the two women
on the porch. Trial Court Opinion, 7/31/18, at 6, 9-10, citing Commonwealth
v. Geathers, 847 A.2d 730, 734 (Pa. Super. 2004) (“For a defendant to be
found guilty of attempted murder, the Commonwealth must establish specific
intent to kill.”); Commonwealth v. Hobson, 604 A.2d 717 (Pa. Super. 1992)
(“A jury may properly infer an intent to kill from the use of a deadly weapon
on a vital part of the victim’s body.”). The court further reasoned that the
Commonwealth’s evidence that Appellant fired a gun into a home with 16
people inside established discharge of a firearm into an occupied structure, 18
Pa.C.S.A. § 2707.1(a) (knowingly, intentionally or recklessly discharging a
firearm from any location into an occupied structure) and 16 counts each of
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aggravated assault, 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 2702(a)(1) (attempting to cause serious
bodily injury to another), and REAP, 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 2705 (recklessly engaging
in conduct which places another person in danger of death or serious bodily
injury).
For these reasons, we affirm Appellant’s judgment of sentence.
Judgment of sentence affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 12/24/2018
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