Hawk, D. v. Hawk, T. ( 2019 )

J-A30027-18
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
DAVID G. HAWK : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee :
v. :
:
:
TRACEY C. HAWK, :
:
Appellant : No. 1749 WDA 2017
Appeal from the Order October 26, 2017
in the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County
Family Court at No(s): FD 10-008168-016
DAVID G. HAWK : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
Appellant :
:
:
v. :
:
:
TRACEY C. HAWK :
:
Appellee : No. 1795 WDA 2017
Appeal from the Order Entered October 26, 2017
in the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County
Family Court at No(s): FD 10-008168-016
BEFORE: SHOGAN, J., KUNSELMAN, J. and STRASSBURGER, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY STRASSBURGER, J.: FILED JUNE 25, 2019
In these consolidated cross-appeals, Tracey Hawk (Wife) appeals the
order terminating her alimony upon the trial court’s finding that she
cohabitated. David Hawk (Husband) appeals the trial court’s decisions to
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* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
J-A30027-18
deny his claim for attorney’s fees and to limit Wife’s obligation to pay back a
number of alimony payments. Upon review, we affirm.
The alimony agreement at issue in this appeal is the result of an
unusual set of facts. Thus, we begin with a lengthy, albeit necessary,
recitation of the factual and procedural history of this case.
Husband and Wife wed in 1983 and separated in 2009. They then
commenced divorce proceedings. On July 16, 2012, the parties entered into
a consent order settling their marital estate. The parties explicitly left
unresolved Wife’s alimony claim:
All other claims raised by the parties remain active and
pending, and are still subject to final resolution, either
through agreement of the parties or by court order,
including but not limited to Wife’s claims for alimony and
counsel fees. Nothing in this consent order shall be
construed to prohibit Wife from seeking alimony.
See Consent Order, 7/16/2012, at ¶ 11 (July 2012 consent order).
Litigation lingered. Wife’s alimony claim eventually went to a three-
day hearing before a master in the spring of 2014. Husband raised the
defense of cohabitation, alleging that Wife was cohabiting with Todd
Staniland. At the time, Wife claimed there was no cohabitation. The Master
found no cohabitation and awarded Wife $3,470 per month in alimony until
2024 (when Wife turned 62 years old), at which time the alimony would be
reduced to $600 per month until it terminated in 2027. The Master qualified
the award by subjecting it to modification in the event of: “Wife’s remarriage
or cohabitation as defined under [Pennsylvania] statute and case law; a
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reduction in Husband’s income to less than $10,000 per month net;
Husband’s disability or death.” Master’s Report and Recommendation,
5/2/2014, at 5.
The parties filed exceptions and cross-exceptions with the trial court.
In an October 10, 2014 order (October 2014 order), the trial court largely
adopted the Master’s recommendation, but reduced the amount of alimony
from $3,740 to $2,640 to reflect Wife’s earning capacity. See Order of
Court, 10/10/2014. The court also granted Husband’s exception concerning
alimony modification:
¶ 8. [Husband’s] Exception #10 is GRANTED.
a. The following language is STRICKEN from the
Master’s Report and Recommendation: “This
alimony shall be modifiable in the following
circumstances: Wife’s remarriage or cohabitation
as defined under PA statute and case law; a
reduction in Husband’s income to less than
$10,000 per month net; Husband’s disability or
death.”
b. The following language is ADDED to the Master’s
May 2, 2014 Report and Recommendation: “This
alimony shall be modifiable in accordance with the
provisions of 23 Pa.C.S[] § 3701, et. seq.”
Id. at ¶ 8. Husband appealed to this Court. Soon after, Husband filed two
separate petitions with the trial court, one to modify the award (on account
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of his changed financial circumstances) and one to terminate it (on account
of Wife’s cohabitation).1
During the pendency of the appeal, the parties settled. The parties
agreed, inter alia, that Wife would accept the trial court’s reduced alimony
figure and Husband would withdraw his appeal and his petitions to modify
and to terminate alimony. The parties submitted a consent order, dated
April 2, 2015, to reflect this agreement. This April 2015 consent order
governs the case before us.
Specifically, the April 2015 consent order stated: “Alimony will
continue in accordance with [the October 2014 order] as to amount,
duration, modification and termination provisions.”2 Consent Order,
4/2/2015. Thus, pursuant to the October 2014 order, the operating order
provided in pertinent part:
 “This alimony shall be modifiable in accordance with the provisions
of 23 Pa.C.S.[] § 3701, et. seq.”
 “[Husband] shall pay [alimony] to [Wife] … through October 16,
2027, at which time [Husband’s] alimony obligation shall
terminate.”
See Order of Court, 10/10/2014, at ¶ 7(b)(ii), ¶ 8(b).
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1 In between the petitions, the court entered the parties’ divorce decree.
2 The April 2015 consent order contained a typographical error. The parties
referred to the October 2014 order as the October 16, 2014 Order. It is
clear from the record that the parties were referring to the October 10, 2014
Order.
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Nearly two years later, in March 2017, Husband presented a motion to
terminate alimony. In addition to termination, Husband sought repayment
of alimony dating back to Wife’s cohabitation, as well as attorney’s fees.
Motion to Terminate, 3/17/2017. Following a two-day hearing, the trial
court ruled that “Husband has met his burden of proof to establish that []
Wife is cohabit[ing] with [Staniland]. As such, [] Husband’s obligation to
pay [] Wife alimony pursuant to the terms of the [April 2015 consent order]
is hereby terminated. … Husband’s request for repayment of back alimony is
denied. [The parties’] cross claims for counsel fees are both denied.” Order
of Court, 10/26/2018. Wife and Husband timely filed appeals and cross-
appeals. We address these appeals sequentially.
Wife’s Appeal
Wife presents three issues for our review, which we have reordered for
ease of disposition.
1. As a matter of law, the trial court erred in failing to hold that
Husband was estopped under principles of res judicata and/or
collateral estoppel from raising cohabitation as a basis for
terminating alimony when the same issue had been previously
litigated in 2014.
2. As a matter of contract law, the trial court erred in failing to
dismiss Husband’s petition for termination of alimony pursuant
to the terms of the April 2, 2015 consent order which specifically
incorporated the modification and termination provisions set
forth in the [October 2014 order], and provided for termination
of alimony only when Wife reaches 62 years of age.
3. As a matter of law, the trial court erred in terminating Husband’s
alimony obligation to Wife pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S. § 3706
because Wife’s entitlement to alimony arose from a
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comprehensive marital settlement agreement, [the July 2012
consent order], which did not contain a specific provision for
termination of alimony upon Wife’s cohabitation with another
man.
Wife’s Brief at 5-6 (suggested answers and unnecessary capitalization
omitted).
We address first Wife’s claim that Husband was precluded from
relitigating Wife’s cohabitation with Staniland as a basis for terminating
alimony. Wife’s Brief at 42-46. Specifically, Wife contends Husband “was
estopped under the principles of res judicata and/or collateral estoppel[3]
from raising cohabitation as a basis for terminating alimony when the same
issue had been previously litigated in 2014.” Id. at 42.
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3This Court has defined the doctrines of res judicata and collateral estoppel
as follows.
Under the doctrine of res judicata, or claim preclusion, a final
judgment on the merits by a court of competent jurisdiction will
bar any future action on the same cause of action between the
parties and their privies. The doctrine therefore forbids further
litigation on all matters which might have been raised and
decided in the former suit, as well as those which were actually
raised therein. Similarly, [t]he doctrine of collateral estoppel or
issue preclusion prevents a question of law or an issue of fact
that has once been litigated and fully adjudicated in a court of
competent jurisdiction from being relitigated in a subsequent
suit.
Mariner Chestnut Partners, L.P. v. Lenfest, 152 A.3d 265, 286 (Pa.
Super. 2016) (internal citations and quotation marks omitted).
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By way of further background, in 2014, at a hearing before a master
to resolve Wife’s claims of alimony, Husband raised the defense of
cohabitation, alleging that Wife was cohabiting with Staniland. As set forth
supra, at the conclusion of the hearing, the Master found no cohabitation
and awarded Wife alimony. Both Husband and Wife filed exceptions with the
trial court. Ultimately, in the October 2014 order, the trial court, inter alia,
accepted the Master’s finding that Wife and Staniland were not cohabiting.
According to Wife, it is these prior findings by the Master and the trial court
that preclude Husband from relitigating a claim of cohabitation as it relates
to Wife and Staniland.
The trial court disagreed, finding that the April 2015 consent order
permitted either party to petition for a change to the alimony agreement
upon a showing of changed circumstances. See Trial Court Opinion,
2/2/2018, at 25 (“The [trial] court properly heard Husband’s motion[]
because he presented new evidence pertaining to new circumstances of
cohabitation[.]”) (unnecessary capitalization omitted). Our review of the
April 2015 consent order and the applicable statute supports the trial court’s
determination.
The April 2015 consent order incorporated specifically, via the October
2014 order, a provision to allow for modification pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S. §
3701 et. seq. Consequently, the consent order was subject to, inter alia, the
provisions set forth in 23 Pa.C.S. § 3701(e) (“An order entered pursuant to
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this section is subject to further order of the court upon changed
circumstances of either party of a substantial and continuing nature
whereupon the order may be modified, suspended, terminated or
reinstituted or a new order made.”). As such, either party was entitled to
file a motion upon the discovery of a substantial change in circumstances.
In this case, Husband filed a motion to terminate alimony in March
2017, alleging that he had “new evidence to support a finding” that Wife and
Staniland were cohabiting. Motion to Terminate, 3/17/17, at ¶ 14. In light
of the foregoing, despite the trial court’s prior finding, Husband was
permitted to present new evidence to the trial court in support of his
contention that Wife was cohabiting. Therefore, this claim is without merit.4
We now address Wife’s final two issues. The crux of these claims is
that the trial court erred and abused its discretion when it determined that
the terms of the April 2015 consent order authorized the termination of
alimony upon Wife’s cohabitation. Although the initial source of Wife’s
alimony was an award from the trial court, the parties converted the award
to an agreement via the April 2015 consent order. The principles that
govern court-ordered awards and consent orders are different. Thus,
because the instant alimony obligation arose out of a consent order, rather
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4 Moreover, the acceptance of Wife’s argument would produce an absurd
result; such an interpretation would allow Wife, after a prior determination
that there was insufficient evidence to prove cohabitation, to begin
cohabiting with impunity.
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than a court-ordered award, it is governed by contract law. See Little v.
Little, 657 A.2d 12, 15 (Pa. Super. 1995). Therefore, we review these
claims mindful of the following.
“Our standard of review over questions of law is de novo and to the
extent necessary, the scope of our review is plenary as [the appellate] court
may review the entire record in making its decision.” Id. (citation omitted).
In cases of a written contract, the intent of the parties is
the writing itself. If left undefined, the words of a contract are to
be given their ordinary meaning. When the terms of a contract
are clear and unambiguous, the intent of the parties is to be
ascertained from the document itself. When, however, an
ambiguity exists, parol evidence is admissible to explain or
clarify or resolve the ambiguity, irrespective of whether the
ambiguity is patent, created by the language of the instrument,
or latent, created by extrinsic or collateral circumstances. A
contract is ambiguous if it is reasonably susceptible of different
constructions and capable of being understood in more than one
sense.
Kripp v. Kripp, 849 A.2d 1159, 1163 (Pa. 2004) (citations omitted).
First, Wife argues that the pertinent language in the October 2014
order that was adopted by the April 2015 consent order, “carefully
distinguishes between modification and termination of Husband’s alimony
obligation.” Wife’s Brief at 19. Wife specifically notes that the use of the
term “termination” is used only to indicate exactly when the alimony will
cease, i.e., in October 2027. Id. at 19-20. Thus, Wife contends that the
consent order allows for modification only and not complete termination.
Id. at 22-23.
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To support her interpretation, Wife cites the following provisions
adopted in the April 2015 consent order: “This alimony shall be modifiable
in accordance with the provisions of 23 Pa.C.S. § 3701, et. seq. … [Husband]
shall pay to [Wife] … through October 16, 2027, at which time [Husband’s]
alimony obligation shall terminate.” Order of Court, 10/10/2014, at ¶
7(b)(ii), ¶ 8(b). Wife distinguishes the terms “modification” and
“termination,” and argues that “to the extent [cohabitation] could be
reached through the ‘et seq.’ language, it still, at best, serves only as a basis
for modification of Husband’s alimony obligation, and not a wholesale
termination of his obligation.” Wife’s Brief at 23.
Husband contends that in the April 2015 consent order, he and Wife
“were in essence adopting the statutory provisions set forth in … 23 Pa.C.S.
§ 3701, et seq., but more precisely 23 Pa.C.S. § 3706[5] (bar of alimony if
cohabitation exists)[,]” and therefore, termination upon cohabitation was
warranted. Husband’s Brief at 14.
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5 Section 3706 provides:
“No petitioner is entitled to receive an award of alimony
where the petitioner, subsequent to the divorce pursuant
to which alimony is being sought, has entered into a
cohabitation with a person of the opposite sex who is not a
member of the family of the petitioner within the degrees
of consanguinity.”
23 Pa.C.S. § 3706.
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Ultimately, the trial court concluded that the April 2015 consent order
permitted termination upon cohabitation.
In the case sub judice[,] Wife clearly consented to a
termination provision contingent upon cohabitation. On July 16,
2012, the parties consented to an equitable distribution consent
order. The agreement specifically preserved [Wife’s] alimony
claims under ¶ 11. The [trial] court notes that Wife drafted the
language of the [July 2012] consent order[.] On October 10,
2014, the [trial c]ourt entered an order that contained an
alimony modification provision under ¶ 8(b). This section
provided that the order was subject to 23 Pa.C.S. § 3701 et seq.
On April 2, 2015, the parties consented to an order that
referenced and specifically incorporated the [October 2014
consent order’s] modification provision. Cohabitation, therefore,
was a modification condition sub judice in that alimony would be
modified via termination pursuant to § 3706. The [trial] court
further determined that Wife’s testimony showed that she
understood that [c]ohabitation per § 3706 would terminate her
alimony pursuant to the [April 2015] consent order.
Since the April 2015 consent order incorporated a
modification provision adhering to 23 Pa.C.S. § 3701 et seq., the
[trial] court found that[] Husband could pursue a new
termination petition under §3701(e).
Trial Court Opinion, 2/2/2018, at 27-28 (unnecessary capitalization and
citations omitted). We agree.
Specifically, while cognizant of the language used in the April 2015
consent order and in agreement with Wife that “termination” and
“modification” have distinct definitions, this Court finds that reasonable
minds could differ in what a “modification” of support could potentially
entail. See Tuthill v. Tuthill, 763 A.2d 417, 420 (Pa. Super. 2000) (“A
contract will be found to be ambiguous only if it is fairly susceptible of
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different constructions and capable of being understood in more than one
sense.”). Certainly, termination of alimony would modify an existing
alimony order.
Moreover, even if one were to concede that the language is free of
ambiguity, we find the conduct of the parties reflects an understanding that
differs from the “unambiguous terms” of the consent order. As such, we find
the foregoing warrants further discovery into the intent of the parties. See
Kripp, supra. See also Mazurek v. Russell, 96 A.3d 372, 378 (Pa. Super.
2014) (“[A] court may examine the surrounding circumstances—i.e.,
extrinsic or parol evidence—to ascertain the intent of the parties and resolve
the ambiguity.”) (citation and quotation marks omitted).
As noted supra, in its opinion to this Court, the trial court found that
the testimony from the hearing on Husband’s motion to terminate alimony
revealed that Wife’s understanding of the April 2015 consent order was that
her alimony would be terminated if she cohabited.
Wife testified that she was not allowed to have a romantic
relationship with [Todd] Staniland[, with whom Husband claimed
Wife was cohabiting] or else her alimony from Husband would be
terminated under the terms of the settlement agreement. When
asked if she ever had sexual relations with Staniland, Wife
testified that she did not because "[f]or one I don’t want that
type of relationship and for two I can’t afford to have a
relationship.” When Wife’s counsel of record asked her to
elaborate as to why she “couldn’t afford to have a romantic
relationship[,]” Wife replied: “I know what the terms of my
agreement with [Husband] are. I have followed them to the
letter. I don’t want nor can I afford to be in that type of
relationship.”
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Wife’s eldest daughter, [Ashley], was also under the
impression that a strict condition of Wife’s receipt of alimony was
for Wife to not have a romantic relationship with Staniland.
Ashley testified that she once hoped Wife would enter into a
romantic relationship with Staniland. When asked if she ever
conveyed this wish to Wife, Ashley replied:
“Yeah, we’ve talked about that. [Wife] is extremely
concerned all it [sic] the time, and actually stresses
me out a lot, that her health care is upwards of
$1,000 a month and she works a full-time job plus
with whatever spousal support she gets from
[Husband]. Like she would never enter into any type
of relationship. She has absolutely no desire to ever
be married again or have that type of pressure from
a relationship, and especially with [Staniland]. It just
never turned into anything like that.”
In response to the immediate next question, when asked if Wife
had ever talked to Ashley about her feelings toward Staniland,
Ashley testified that:
“[Wife] cares about [Staniland] and she has even
said like, you know, she would never risk the
agreement for anything because she needs her
health care. She needs the money that was allocated
to her. I mean, her [sic] and I have even talked
about, and [Staniland] has even said, [‘]Well, I'll
move out.[’]...”
Trial Court Opinion, 2/2/2018, at 8-9 (citations omitted).
Here, it is clear from the record that Wife’s understanding of the
agreement was that she was disallowed from cohabiting, and if the trial
court found she was cohabiting, her alimony would be terminated. At the
hearing, Wife emphatically denied cohabiting. See Id. Now on appeal, Wife
is not raising an issue concerning the trial court’s cohabitation finding, but is
instead arguing that the language adopted by the April 2015 consent order
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supports her theory that her alimony can only be modified and is not subject
to termination prior to 2027.
It is well-settled that the parties’ “interpretation is entitled to great, if
not controlling, influence, and will generally be adopted and followed by the
courts, particularly when the parties’ interpretation is made before any
controversy, or when the construction of one party is against his[/her]
interest.” Z & L Lumber Co. of Atlasburg v. Nordquist, 502 A.2d 697,
701 (Pa. Super. 1985) (emphasis added). See also Martin v. Capital
Cities Media, Inc., 511 A.2d 830, 840 (Pa. Super. 1986) (“The parties’ own
interpretation of a contract, as shown by their acts and declarations, will
ordinarily be adopted by the court.”) (quotation marks omitted). Based upon
the foregoing, we find the intention of both parties was to permit the
termination of alimony upon Wife’s cohabitation and therefore, the trial court
did not err when it found Wife’s cohabitation required the termination of
alimony. No relief is due.6
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6 Wife also contends that “[r]egardless of cohabitation, [she] has the right to
receive alimony until she reaches 62 because her entitlement to alimony
arose from the parties[’]” July 2012 consent order which “was a negotiated
and bargained-for agreement that integrated equitable distribution and
alimony claims.” Id. at 24-28 citing Woodings v. Woodings, 601 A.2d 854(Pa. Super. 1992) (finding the parties’ settlement agreement disallowed the
termination of alimony despite the fact that the wife was cohabiting because
the agreement was a reflection of “trade-offs” made by the parties between
alimony and equitable distribution and the agreement contained specific
language that set forth that “the alimony provision [was] ‘unmodifiable’” ).
(Footnote Continued Next Page)
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Husband’s Appeal
Husband presents the following two issues for our review:
A. Did the trial court err, as a matter of law, in failing to
order Wife to pay back the alimony received from the
date Husband petitioned to terminate alimony?
B. Did the trial court err, as a matter of law, in failing to
award Husband attorney[’s] fees pursuant to 42
Pa.C.S[] § 2503 and 23 Pa.C.S.[] §§ 4351, 4353?
Husband’s Brief at 6.
We address first Husband’s retroactivity claim. While Husband initially
requested the repayment of back alimony that extended prior to the filing of
his motion, see Motion to Terminate, 3/17/2017, Husband’s sole argument
on appeal is that the trial court erred in failing to order the termination of
Wife’s alimony retroactive to the date Husband filed his motion. Husband’s
Brief at 25.7 In this case, in its October 26, 2017 order, the trial court
(Footnote Continued) _______________________
Wife’s argument is without merit. Unlike in Woodings, the resolution
here of the parties’ equitable distribution was separate and apart from the
ultimate alimony award. This is evidenced by the specific language in the
July 2012 consent order, which set forth that the consent order was to
resolve equitable distribution only, and Wife’s alimony claims remained
outstanding. See Consent Order, 7/16/2012, at ¶ 11. Moreover, the April
2015 consent order permitted modification pursuant to the earlier October
2014 order, which indicated, inter alia, that the consent order would be
“modifiable in accordance with the provisions of 23 Pa.C.S. § 3701, et seq.”
Order of Court, 10/10/2014.
7 In his brief, Husband cites March 14, 2017 as the date he filed his petition
to terminate. See Husband’s Brief at 25 (“Husband established cohabitation
began, at the very least, as of the date of the filing of his [p]etition, known
as March 14, 2017.”). However, the timestamp on Husband’s petition lists
(Footnote Continued Next Page)
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terminated alimony “effective November 1, 2017.” Order of Court,
10/26/2017. Thus, Husband is requesting the repayment of seven and one-
half months of alimony.
The role of an appellate court in reviewing alimony orders is
limited; we review only to determine whether there has been an
error of law or abuse of discretion by the trial court. Absent an
abuse of discretion or insufficient evidence to sustain the support
order, this Court will not interfere with the broad discretion
afforded the trial court.
Dalrymple v. Kilishek, 920 A.2d 1275, 1278 (Pa. Super. 2007).
As set forth in more detail supra, the April 2015 consent order is
subject to, inter alia, the provisions set forth in 23 Pa.C.S. § 3701. This
statute, in pertinent part, states:
(e) Modification and termination.--An order entered
pursuant to this section is subject to further order of the court
upon changed circumstances of either party of a substantial and
continuing nature whereupon the order may be modified,
suspended, terminated or reinstituted or a new order made. Any
further order shall apply only to payments accruing subsequent
to the petition for the requested relief. Remarriage of the party
receiving alimony shall terminate the award of alimony.
23 Pa.C.S. § 3701(e).
In denying Husband’s request for retroactivity, the trial court
found that it would have been inequitable to award Husband
replacement of back alimony. The [trial c]ourt further found that
Wife was under financial hardship due to her leukemia treatment
costs and low income. Wife is [55], makes nine dollars [] per
(Footnote Continued) _______________________
March 17, 2017, although an order attached to the petition is dated March
14, 2017. Irrespective of the foregoing, in light of our disposition, we need
not determine the exact date of filing.
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hour, and does not have a college degree. Wife has $15,000.00
in her savings account and owns a home worth $181,800.00.
Wife and [the parties’ daughter] testified that Wife’s medical
costs are [$900.00] per month. [Their daughter] testified that
Wife’s medication is so expensive that Wife was forced to
petition drug companies monthly for free samples. She further
testified that Wife would “skip days of medication” and “split pills
in half” to make her medication last.
The [trial c]ourt found that Husband was not under
financial hardship. Husband testified that he made “hundreds of
thousands of dollars” in gross income during 2016 alone.
Husband also owns a $520,000.00 home. His mortgage on the
home has a $50,000.00 balance.
Trial Court Opinion, 2/2/2018, at 30-31.
On appeal, Husband argues that the above-cited statute mandates
that an order related to the modification or termination of an existing
alimony order be applied retroactive to payments made since the filing of
the motion. Husband’s Brief at 27-28. (“[T]he [t]rial [c]ourt is obligated to
address the payments accruing after the filing of the [motion] since the
statute used ‘shall’ and not ‘may.’”). The trial court disagreed, concluding
that
[a] careful reading of th[e aforementioned] statute indicates that
the [trial c]ourt is merely constrained to awarding replacement
of back alimony for improperly received alimony after the
petition’s filing and not before. Importantly however, § 3701(e)
does not provide that the [trial c]ourt must award arrears for all
times where alimony was improperly received. The [trial c]ourt,
therefore, properly denied Husband’s request for replacement of
back alimony.
Trial Court Opinion, 2/2/2018, at 31. We agree.
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Specifically, we find no language in § 3701(e) that mandates
retroactivity. In light of the foregoing, because the trial court was permitted
but not required to apply the order retroactive to the date of filing, Husband
is not entitled to relief.8
Lastly, Husband asks this Court to determine whether the trial court
abused its discretion by denying his request for attorney’s fees pursuant to
42 Pa.C.S. § 2503 (governing counsel fees for vexatious ligation) and 23
Pa.C.S. §§ 4351 and 4353 (governing counsel fees in support matters).
Husband’s Brief at 28-31.
“Our standard of review of an award of [attorney’s] fees is well
settled: we will not disturb a trial court’s determination absent an abuse of
discretion.” A.L.-S. v. B.S., 117 A.3d 352, 361 (Pa. Super. 2015). “A trial
court has abused its discretion if it failed to follow proper legal procedures or
misapplied the law.” Id. Courtney v. Courtney, ____A.3d____, 2019 WL
850814, at *2 (Pa. Super. 2019).
Initially, we note that 23 Pa.C.S. §§ 4351 and 4353 govern costs, fees,
and reporting requirements in child and spousal support matters. Because
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8 In concluding as such, we find no abuse of discretion in the trial court’s
decision to deny Husband’s request for retroactivity. Based upon its findings
with respect to incredible income disparity between the parties and Wife’s
health issues, the trial court was within its discretion to determine that
requiring Wife to repay seven and one-half months of alimony would be
inequitable.
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the instant matter pertains to alimony only, these statutes are inapplicable
and therefore, Husband’s reliance on them as a basis for relief is misplaced.
Thus, we review Husband’s claim pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S. § 2503. See In re
Estate of Mumma, 125 A.3d 1205, 1219 (Pa. Super. 2015) (“[P]ursuant to
42 Pa.C.S. § 2503, ‘reasonable counsel fees’ may be appropriate, among
other circumstances, based on ‘dilatory, obdurate or vexatious conduct
during the pendency of a matter’ or where ‘the conduct of another party in
commencing the matter or otherwise was arbitrary, vexatious or in bad
faith.’”).
In its opinion to this Court, the trial court addressed this claim as
follows: “[t]he only § 2503 claim for attorney’s fees Husband could make
would be for sanctions against Wife or awarded counsel fees due to Wife’s
alleged vexatious litigation. The Court found that Husband had not proven
vexatious litigation by Wife and, therefore, did not award counsel fees to
Husband.” Trial Court Opinion, 2/2/2018, at 32.
On appeal, Husband contends he is entitled to attorney’s fees pursuant
to § 2503 because
[t]he [t]rial [c]ourt found that [] Wife tried to hide from Husband
that Staniland was financially supporting both [] Wife and [] the
parties’ biological daughter. The [t]rial [c]ourt specifically
opined[,] “text messages between [daughter] and Husband show
that Wife attempted to hide from Husband that the fact that
‘Todd was paying for anything.’”
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Husband’s Brief at 29. Husband asserts the foregoing conduct was
“obdurate and vexatious and the [t]rial [c]ourt was in error in not awarding
Husband attorney[’s] fees.” Id.
Here, presumably because Wife did not initiate the instant
proceedings, the trial court determined that Husband’s sole claim under the
aforementioned statute that could entitle him to attorney’s fees is an
allegation that Wife engaged in vexatious conduct. Trial Court Opinion,
2/2/2018, at 32; see also 42 Pa.C.S. § 2503(7) (“Any participant who is
awarded counsel fees as a sanction against another participant for dilatory,
obdurate or vexatious conduct during the pendency of a matter.”).
In this case, after reviewing the applicable statute, the learned trial
court, who has presided over the parties’ divorce and related matters for
several years, including the instant motion, and who has an intimate
knowledge of this nearly decade-long dispute, determined that Husband
failed to meet his burden in proving that Wife’s behavior was vexatious.9
Accordingly, the trial court concluded the award of attorney’s fees was
improper in this case. We can find no abuse of discretion in the trial court’s
determination, and Husband’s assertions of trial court error have failed to
convince us otherwise. See In re K.R., 200 A.3d 969, 978 (Pa. Super.
2018) (“A decision may be reversed for an abuse of discretion only upon
____________________________________________
9“Vexatious refers to conduct with ‘the sole purpose of causing annoyance.’”
Commonwealth v. Douris, 766 A.2d 1276, 1280 (Pa. Super. 2001).
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demonstration of manifest unreasonableness, partiality, prejudice, bias, or
ill-will.”) (citation omitted).
In light of the foregoing, we affirm the trial court’s order.
Order affirmed.
Judge Shogan joins this memorandum.
Judge Kunselman files a dissenting memorandum.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 6/25/2019
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