Com. v. Concepcion, J. ( 2019 )

J-S35036-19
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION – SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee :
:
v. :
:
JOSE CONCEPCION, :
:
Appellant : No. 2337 EDA 2018
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered July 11, 2018
in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-0310321-1997
BEFORE: OLSON, J., STABILE, J. and STRASSBURGER, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY STRASSBURGER, J.: FILED AUGUST 19, 2019
Jose Concepcion (Appellant) appeals from the July 11, 2018 order
dismissing his petition filed pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act
(PCRA), 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9541-9546. We affirm.
When Appellant was 19 years old, he participated in a robbery and
murder.
[W]hile driving a vehicle containing his three cohorts, [Appellant]
repeatedly struck a vehicle driven by Sotero Ortega [] and
occupied by Ortega’s son. When Ortega stopped his vehicle,
[Appellant’s] cohorts [] exited the vehicle, robbed Ortega, shot
Ortega in the jaw, pulled Ortega’s son from the vehicle, and shot
him. Ortega survived, but his son was killed.
Commonwealth v. Concepcion, 761 A.2d 1231 (Pa. Super. 2000)
(unpublished memorandum at 1). A jury convicted Appellant of, inter alia,
second-degree murder. On May 20, 1999, Appellant was sentenced to life in
prison without the possibility of parole (LWOP) for his second-degree murder
*Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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conviction. On appeal, this Court affirmed Appellant’s judgment of sentence,
and our Supreme Court denied his petition for allowance of appeal. Id.,appeal denied, 771 A.2d 1278 (Pa. 2001).
On March 24, 2016, Appellant pro se filed the instant PCRA petition,
claiming that his petition was timely-filed pursuant to the newly-recognized
right exception to the PCRA’s time-bar.1 Specifically, Appellant relied upon
the constitutional right recognized by the United States Supreme Court in
Miller v. Alabama, 567 U.S. 460 (2012), which was made retroactively
applicable in Montgomery v. Louisiana, __ U.S. __, 136 S.Ct. 718 (2016).
In Miller, the Supreme Court held that it is cruel and unusual punishment to
sentence a juvenile to a mandatory sentence of LWOP. Appellant contended
that even though he was 19 years old when he committed his crime, he
should be “included within the same class of persons as juveniles because
his brain was … equally underdeveloped.” Pro se PCRA Petition, 3/24/2016,
at 4.
Appellant retained counsel, who filed an amended petition. On June 5,
2018, the PCRA court issued notice of its intent to dismiss Appellant’s PCRA
petition because it was without merit. Appellant did not file a response. On
July 11, 2018, the PCRA court dismissed Appellant’s PCRA petition.
1 To establish that exception, the petitioner must plead and prove that he is
asserting a “constitutional right that was recognized by the Supreme Court
of the United States or the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania after the time
period provided in this section and has been held by that court to apply
retroactively.” 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1)(iii).
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This timely-filed appeal followed.2 On appeal, Appellant argues that
his PCRA petition was timely filed, and that he should be resentenced as a
juvenile because “the same scientific and legal reasoning behind Miller and
Montgomery[,] which apply [to] those who were younger than 18[,] are
just as applicable to those who are just slightly chronologically older.”
Appellant’s Brief at 6, 10, 17.
We review the PCRA court’s order mindful of the following. Generally,
a petition for relief under the PCRA, including a second or subsequent
petition, must be filed within one year of the date the judgment of sentence
is final unless the petition alleges, and the petitioner proves, that an
exception to the time for filing the petition is met. 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545. In
addition, exceptions must be pleaded within 60 days of the date the claim
could have been presented. 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(2). 3 Because the PCRA’s
time restrictions are jurisdictional in nature, neither this Court nor the PCRA
court has the power to address the merits of a petition if it is filed untimely
and the petitioner did not plead and prove an applicable time-bar exception.
Commonwealth v. Lewis, 63 A.3d 1274, 1280-81 (Pa. Super. 2013).
2 Appellant was not ordered to file a concise statement of errors complained
of on appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b). The PCRA court complied with
Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a).
3 Although inapplicable to this appeal, we note that subsection 9545(b)(2)
was amended on October 24, 2018, effective in 60 days (December 24,
2018), extending the time for filing from 60 days of the date the claim could
have been presented, to one year. See Act 2018, Oct. 24, P.L. 894, No. 146,
§ 3.
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It is clear that Appellant’s petition is facially untimely because his
judgment of sentence became final in 2001. As detailed supra, Appellant
attempts to invoke Miller to argue that the newly-recognized and
retroactively-applicable constitutional right exception to the PCRA’s time bar
applies to him. However, Appellant’s arguments have been resolved already
by an en banc panel of this Court. In Commonwealth v. Lee, 206 A.3d 1(Pa. Super. 2019) (en banc), this Court held that Miller applies only to
defendants who were under the age of 18 at the time of their crimes. As
such, based on current law, Miller cannot be relied upon to establish the
PCRA time-bar exception at subsection 9545(b)(1)(iii) for those defendants
who were 18 and older at the time of their crimes. Because Appellant was
19 years old when he committed his crimes, Miller does not apply and
cannot be used to render his petition timely filed pursuant to subsection
9545(b)(1)(iii). Accordingly, the PCRA court did not err in dismissing
Appellant’s petition.
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 8/19/19
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