Com. v. McKenzie, C. ( 2019 )

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
CHOLEY MCKENZIE A/K/A DANIEL :
BROWN :
: No. 599 EDA 2018
Appellant :
Appeal from the PCRA Order January 19, 2018
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
Criminal Division at No(s): MC-51-CR-0209291-1994
BEFORE: OTT, J., NICHOLS, J., and STRASSBURGER, J.
MEMORANDUM BY OTT, J.: FILED FEBRUARY 13, 2019
Choley McKenzie a/k/a Daniel Brown (“McKenzie”) appeals from the
order dated January 19, 2018,1 in the Philadelphia County Court of Common
Pleas, dismissing his first petition for collateral relief filed pursuant to the Post
Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”).2 McKenzie seeks relief from an aggregate term
of two years’ probation after the trial court convicted McKenzie on June 23,
1995, of possession with intent to deliver (marijuana) (“PWID”) and knowingly
and intentionally possessing a controlled substance.3 Contemporaneous with
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 Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
1 The order was filed January 22, 2018.
2 See 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9541-9546.
3 See 35 P.S. §§ 780-113(a)(30) and (a)(16), respectively.
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this appeal, McKenzie’s counsel filed an application to withdraw from
representation. For the reasons below, we affirm the PCRA court’s order and
grant counsel’s application to withdraw.
The underlying facts are well known to the parties and we need not
recite them herein. As indicated above, the Honorable Ronald B. Merriweather
found McKenzie guilty of PWID and intentionally possessing a controlled
substance on June 23, 1995.4 McKenzie did not file any post-sentence motions
or a direct appeal. The case apparently went dormant until June 24, 2016,
when McKenzie filed an untitled, pro se document that was treated as a PCRA
petition.5 He subsequently filed numerous pro se petitions on October 16,
2017, and November 2, 2017, referring to a writ of error coram nobis. On
December 14, 2017, McKenzie filed a pro se petition for writ of error coram
nobis.
During this time, counsel was appointed, who then filed a “no merit”
letter pursuant to Commonwealth v. Turner, 544 A.2d 927 (Pa. 1988), and
Commonwealth v. Finley, 550 A.2d 213 (Pa. Super. 1988) (en banc), on
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4 McKenzie claims he pled guilty to the crimes, but the limited docket does
not reflect a guilty plea. See Notice of Court’s Intent to Dismiss Without
Hearing Defendant’s Writ of Coram Nobis Pursuant to Pa.R.Crim.P. 907, at 1
n.2. Nevertheless, this is of no consequence to the disposition of this appeal.
5 The matter was reassigned to the Honorable Lucretia Clemons at this time.
The gist of McKenzie’s argument is that counsel was ineffective for failing to
advise him of the risk of deportation as a non-United States citizen following
his convictions.
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December 12, 2017. Counsel concluded the petition was untimely and
McKenzie was no longer serving his sentence and, therefore, he did not qualify
for PCRA relief.
On December 18, 2017, the PCRA court issued a notice of intention to
dismiss McKenzie’s writ of coram nobis,6 without a hearing pursuant to Rule
907. The court also granted counsel’s request to withdraw. McKenzie did not
file a response. On January 19, 2018, the PCRA court dismissed the petition
on the untimeliness and ineligibility grounds.
On February 12, 2018, McKenzie filed a pro se notice of appeal. On
March 26, 2018, the PCRA court ordered McKenzie to file a concise statement
of errors complained of on appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b). On March
27, 2018, the court appointed new PCRA counsel. On August 31, 2018,
counsel filed a petition to withdraw and an Anders7 brief with this Court.
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6 The PCRA provides “the sole means of obtaining collateral relief and
encompasses all other common law and statutory remedies of the same
purpose that exist when [the Act] takes effect, including habeas corpus and
coram nobis.” 42 Pa.C.S. § 9542. As noted by the PCRA court, in
Commonwealth v. Descardes, 136 A.3d 493 (Pa. 2016), the Pennsylvania
Supreme Court determined the petitioner’s claim regarding counsel’s
ineffectiveness in advising him regarding possible deportation consequences
of his plea could have been raised in a PCRA petition, and therefore, he was
not entitled to relief via a writ of coram nobis. Descardes, 136 A.3d at 503.
See also Notice of Court’s Intent to Dismiss Without Hearing Defendant’s Writ
of Coram Nobis Pursuant to Pa.R.Crim.P. 907, at 1 n.1.
7 See Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967). As will be discussed infra,
counsel should have filed a “no merit” letter pursuant to Commonwealth v.
Turner, 544 A.2d 927 (Pa. 1988), and Commonwealth v. Finley, 550 A.2d
213 (Pa. Super. 1988) (en banc), rather than an Anders brief.
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Prior to addressing the merits of this appeal, we must first consider
whether counsel has fulfilled the procedural requirements for withdrawal.
“Where counsel seeks to withdraw on appeal from the denial of PCRA relief, a
Turner/Finley ‘no-merit letter’ is the appropriate filing.” Commonwealth
v. Reed, 107 A.3d 137, 139 n.5 (Pa. Super. 2014). Pursuant to
Turner/Finley and their progeny:
Counsel petitioning to withdraw from PCRA representation must …
review the case zealously. Turner/Finley counsel must then
submit a “no-merit” letter to the trial court, or brief on appeal to
this Court, detailing the nature and extent of counsel’s diligent
review of the case, listing the issues which petitioner wants to
have reviewed, explaining why and how those issues lack merit,
and requesting permission to withdraw. Counsel must also send
to the petitioner: (1) a copy of the “no merit” letter/brief; (2) a
copy of counsel’s petition to withdraw; and (3) a statement
advising petitioner of the right to proceed pro se or by new
counsel.
***
[W]here counsel submits a petition and no-merit letter that …
satisfy the technical demands of Turner/Finley, the court — trial
court or this Court — must then conduct its own review of the
merits of the case. If the court agrees with counsel that the claims
are without merit, the court will permit counsel to withdraw and
deny relief.
Commonwealth v. Doty, 48 A.3d 451, 454 (Pa. Super. 2012) (citation
omitted).
Here, counsel has complied with the procedural aspects of
Turner/Finley. Although he improperly filed an Anders brief, as opposed to
a “no merit” letter, this Court may accept such a filing “‘[b]ecause an Anders
brief provides greater protection to a defendant.’” Reed, supra, 107 A.3d at
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139 n.5 (quotation omitted). Furthermore, counsel provided McKenzie with a
copy of the brief and the petition to withdraw, and McKenzie was advised of
his right to proceed pro se or with private counsel. See Motion for Leave to
Withdraw as Counsel, 8/31/2018. McKenzie did not respond to counsel’s
petition, but did file a pro se brief on October 24, 2018, raising his writ of
coram nobis argument again.8 Therefore, we proceed to a consideration of
whether the PCRA court erred in dismissing the petition. See Doty, supra.When reviewing an order dismissing a PCRA petition, we must determine
whether the ruling of the PCRA court is supported by record evidence and is
free of legal error. Commonwealth v. Burkett, 5 A.3d 1260, 1267 (Pa.
Super. 2010). “Great deference is granted to the findings of the PCRA court,
and these findings will not be disturbed unless they have no support in the
certified record.” Commonwealth v. Carter, 21 A.3d 680, 682 (Pa. Super.
2011) (citation omitted), appeal denied, 72 A.3d 600 (Pa. 2013).
“Crucial to the determination of any PCRA appeal is the timeliness of the
underlying petition. Thus, we must first determine whether the instant PCRA
petition was timely filed.” Commonwealth v. Smith, 35 A.3d 766, 768 (Pa.
Super. 2011), appeal denied, 53 A.3d 757 (Pa. 2012).
The PCRA timeliness requirement … is mandatory and
jurisdictional in nature. Commonwealth v. Taylor, 933 A.2d
1035, 1038 (Pa. Super. 2007), appeal denied, 597 Pa. 715, 951
A.2d 1163 (2008) (citing Commonwealth v. Murray, 562 Pa. 1,
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8 See Descardes, supra.
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753 A.2d 201, 203 (2000)). The court cannot ignore a petition’s
untimeliness and reach the merits of the petition. Id.Commonwealth v. Taylor, 67 A.3d 1245, 1248 (Pa. 2013), cert. denied,
572 U.S. 1151 (2014). A PCRA petition must be filed within one year of the
date the underlying judgment becomes final. See 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1).
A judgment is deemed final “at the conclusion of direct review, including
discretionary review in the Supreme Court of the United States and the
Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, or at the expiration of time for seeking
review.” 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(3); U.S.Sup.Ct. Rule 13. Moreover, there
exists a proviso to the 1995 amendments to the PCRA that provides a grace
period for petitioners whose judgments became final on or before the January
16, 1996 effective date of the amendments. However, the proviso applies to
first PCRA petitions only, and the petition must be filed by January 16, 1997.
See Commonwealth v. Thomas, 718 A.2d 326 (Pa. Super. 1998) (en banc).
Instantly, McKenzie’s judgment of sentence became final on July 23,
1995, at the expiration of the time in which he had to file a direct appeal.
Moreover, pursuant to the 1995 amendments, he had until January 16, 1997,
to file a timely PCRA petition, making McKenzie’s June 24, 2016, petition
patently untimely.
However, pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545, an otherwise untimely petition
is not time-barred if a petitioner pleads and proves the applicability of one of
three time-for-filing exceptions:
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(i) the failure to raise the claim previously was the result of
interference by government officials with the presentation of the
claim in violation of the Constitution or laws of this Commonwealth
or the Constitution or laws of the United States;
(ii) the facts upon which the claim is predicated were unknown to
the petitioner and could not have been ascertained by the exercise
of due diligence; or
(iii) the right asserted is a constitutional right that was recognized
by the Supreme Court of the United States or the Supreme Court
of Pennsylvania after the time period provided in this section and
has been held by that court to apply retroactively.
42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9545(b)(1)(i)-(iii). Further, any petition invoking one of these
exceptions must be filed “within 60 days of the date the claim could have been
presented.” Id. at § 9545(b)(2). Here, McKenzie fails to assert any reason
why his petition falls within one of the exceptions to the timeliness
requirement.9 Accordingly, the PCRA court was correct in finding his petition
was untimely filed.
Likewise, the PCRA court properly determined McKenzie failed to plead
and prove that he is eligible for relief pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S. 9543(a)(1), which
provides, in pertinent part, as follows:
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9 In his December 14, 2017, filing, McKenzie claims he “recently discovered”
there was no warrant to search or arrest him, which suggests the 42 Pa.C.S.
§§ 9545(b)(1)(ii) exception. Petitioner’s Amendment to Writ of Error Coram
Nobis, 12/14/2017, at 14. However, as pointed out by the PCRA court,
McKenzie does not explain how this information could not have been
discovered during his trial, and more importantly, it is unrelated to his
ineffective assistance of counsel claim regarding the immigration
consequences of his convictions. See Notice of Court’s Intent to Dismiss
Without Hearing Defendant’s Writ of Coram Nobis Pursuant to Pa.R.Crim.P.
907, at 3 n.4.
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(a) General rule.--To be eligible for relief under this subchapter,
the petitioner must plead and prove by a preponderance of the
evidence all of the following:
(1) That the petitioner has been convicted of a crime under
the laws of this Commonwealth and is at the time relief
is granted:
(i) currently serving a sentence of
imprisonment, probation or parole for the
crime;
(ii) awaiting execution of a sentence of death for
the crime; or
(iii) serving a sentence which must expire before
the person may commence serving the disputed
sentence.
42 Pa.C.S. § 9543(a)(1)(i)-(iii) (emphasis added). In the present case,
McKenzie failed to demonstrate that he is still serving a sentence for the
convictions which he is appealing.
As previously indicated, McKenzie was sentenced to two years of
probation on June 23, 1995, which naturally terminated on June 23, 1997.
See Docket Entry, 5/9/2005 (“PROBATION CASE TERMINATION”). McKenzie
does not suggest or provide any evidence that he is still serving a sentence of
probation for this specific case. Therefore, he is not entitled to PCRA relief.
Because we conclude the PCRA court did not err (1) in determining that
McKenzie’s petition, and subsequent filings, was actually a request for PCRA
relief; and (2) in finding that McKenzie’s petition was untimely filed and he
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was ineligible for relief, we affirm the order of the PCRA court and grant
counsel’s motion to withdraw as counsel.10
Order affirmed. Motion to withdraw as counsel granted.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 2/13/19
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10 In its Rule 1925(a) opinion, the PCRA court indicated McKenzie’s issues on
appeal should be waived for failure to file a concise statement as directed to
do so in its March 26, 2018, order. See Opinion, 6/22/2018, at 1. While we
recognized that the bright line rule regarding concise statements should be
strictly adhered to, see Commonwealth v. Castillo, 888 A.2d 775 (Pa.
2005), we think the error is largely attributable to the appointment of new
PCRA counsel after the order was entered and counsel’s decision to file a
petition to withdraw. Accordingly, we decline to find waiver in this appeal.
Moreover, we “may affirm the lower court on any basis, even one not
considered or presented in the court below.” Commonwealth v. Burns, 988
A.2d 684, 690 n.6 (Pa. Super. 2009), appeal denied, 8 A.3d 341 (Pa. 2010).
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