Com. v. Cain, L. ( 2019 )

J-S34032-19
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
LAKITA CAIN :
:
Appellant : No. 1809 WDA 2018
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered October 19, 2018
In the Court of Common Pleas of Westmoreland County Criminal Division
at No(s): CP-65-CR-0005536-2017
BEFORE: DUBOW, J., McLAUGHLIN, J., and COLINS*, J.
MEMORANDUM BY COLINS, J.: FILED AUGUST 12, 2019
Appellant, Lakita Cain, appeals from the aggregate judgment of
sentence of three to seven years of confinement, which was imposed after she
pleaded guilty to hindering apprehension or prosecution by providing false
information to a law enforcement officer.1 We affirm.
In its opinion, the trial court fully and correctly set forth the relevant
facts and procedural history of this case. See Trial Court Opinion, filed
November 30, 2018, at 1-3. Therefore, we have no reason to restate them
at length here.
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1 18 Pa.C.S. § 5105(a)(5).
* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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For the convenience of the reader, we briefly note that Rahmael Holt
was arrested and charged with criminal homicide for the shooting death of
New Kensington Police Officer Brian Shaw. Id. at 1-2.2 The day after the
shooting, Appellant told investigators that she had last seen Holt the day
before the homicide. Id. Two days later, Appellant admitted to police that
Holt had, in fact, entered her home immediately after she had heard gunshots
in the vicinity, then told her “that he had to leave the area.” Id. at 2.
Appellant pleaded guilty on May 24, 2018. The trial court deferred
sentencing and ordered a presentence investigation report (“PSI”).
At the sentencing hearing on October 19, 2018, the trial court asserted
that it had read the PSI. N.T., 10/19/2018, at 33. The trial court also stated
that the sentencing guidelines were a standard range of restorative sanctions
to three months and an aggravated range of six months, and the
Commonwealth concurred. Id. at 26, 33. As stated above, the trial court
sentenced Appellant to three to seven years of confinement. Id. at 35.
On October 25, 2018, Appellant filed a post-sentence motion for
modification of sentence, insisting that the trial “court’s imposition of a
sentence that greatly exceeds . . . the sentencing guidelines was unreasonable
and manifestly excessive because it was grossly disproportionate to the
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2 As of the date of this decision, the case against Holt is still pending; his trial
is currently scheduled to begin on November 4, 2019. See Docket Number
CP-65-CR-0005539-2017.
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charge of the case.” Motion to Modify Sentence, 10/25/2018, at ¶ 4.g. On
November 30, 2018, the trial court denied the motion by written order with
an accompanying opinion.
Appellant filed this timely direct appeal on December 20, 2018. Later
that same day, the trial court ordered Appellant to file a concise statement of
errors complained of on appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) within 21 days
of the date of the order (“December 20th Order”). No concise statement of
errors is listed on the certified docket, and none appears within the certified
record. However, the December 20th Order does not state that Appellant’s
concise statement must be filed of record, contrary to the requirement
enumerated at Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)(3)(ii). Due to this deficiency in the
December 20th Order, we will not quash Appellant’s appeal due to her failure
file her statement on the record. See Commonwealth v. Jones, 193 A.3d
957, 960-61 (Pa. Super. 2018) (Commonwealth’s failure to provide trial judge
with statement of errors complained of on appeal did not require this Court to
quash Commonwealth’s appeal of suppression order, where trial court’s
Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) order itself was deficient, due to incorrect rule citation and
material variance from language of appellate rule regarding waiver
consequences from lack of compliance). On January 13, 2019, the trial court
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entered an order that the opinion accompanying its order of November 30,
2018, would serve as its opinion pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a).3
Appellant now presents the following issue for our review:
Did the [trial] court abuse its discretion by denying [Appellant]’s
motion to modify sentence and imposing a sentence that greatly
exceeds outside the sentencing guidelines and is contrary to the
dictates of the Sentencing Code,[4] in that the sentence imposed
was above the aggravated range of the sentencing guidelines, and
contrary to the fundamental norms underlying the sentencing
process.
Appellant’s Brief at 4.
Challenges to the discretionary aspects of sentencing do not
entitle an appellant to an appeal as of right. Prior to reaching the
merits of a discretionary sentencing issue[, w]e conduct a four-
part analysis to determine: (1) whether appellant has filed a
timely notice of appeal, see Pa.R.A.P. 902 and 903; (2) whether
the issue was properly preserved at sentencing or in a motion to
reconsider and modify sentence, see Pa.R.Crim.P. 720;
(3) whether appellant’s brief has a fatal defect, Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f);
and (4) whether there is a substantial question that the sentence
appealed from is not appropriate under the Sentencing Code, 42
Pa.C.S.A. § 9781(b).
Commonwealth v. Manivannan, 186 A.3d 472, 489 (Pa. Super. 2018)
(quotation marks and some citations omitted), reargument denied (July 7,
2018).
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3 In the order of January 13, 2019, the trial court stated that Appellant “filed
a Concise Statement of the Errors Complained of on Appeal as Ordered by this
Court,” thereby indicating that Appellant had served the trial judge directly
with her concise statement pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)(3)(iii) and that the
trial judge was aware of the sentencing challenge being raised by Appellant
on appeal.
4 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9701-9799.75.
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In the current action, Appellant filed a timely notice of appeal and a
motion for modification of sentence, and her brief to this Court contains a
separate section with a concise statement of the reasons relied upon for
allowance of appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f). Appellant’s Brief at 10.
Therefore, we will address the issue of whether Appellant has raised a
substantial question that her sentence is not appropriate under the Sentencing
Code. See Manivannan, 186 A.3d at 489.
Appellant’s Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f) section contends that her “sentence is not
appropriate under the Sentencing Code[,]” is “clearly unreasonable[,]” and
“grossly outside the guidelines[,]” because “[t]he standard range of this
charge is [restorative sanctions to] 3 month’s incarceration with an
aggravated maximum of 6 months.” Appellant’s Brief at 10 (citations
omitted). “A claim that the court imposed an unreasonable sentence by
sentencing outside the guidelines raises a substantial question which is
reviewable on appeal.” Commonwealth v. Cunningham, 805 A.2d 566,
575 (Pa. Super. 2002). Appellant’s claim therefore raises a substantial
question, and we will consider the substantive merits of her sentencing issue.
Sentencing is a matter vested in the sound discretion of the
sentencing judge, and a sentence will not be disturbed on appeal
absent a manifest abuse of discretion. In this context, an abuse
of discretion is not shown merely by an error in judgment. Rather,
the appellant must establish, by reference to the record, that the
sentencing court ignored or misapplied the law, exercised its
judgment for reasons of partiality, prejudice, bias or ill will, or
arrived at a manifestly unreasonable decision.
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Commonwealth v. Lekka, 2019 Pa. Super. 155, *8 (filed May 10, 2019)
(citation omitted).
Appellant argues that the trial court abused its discretion by “imposing
a sentence that greatly exceeds . . . the sentencing guidelines and is contrary
to the Sentencing Code[.]” Appellant’s Brief at 11. Appellant continues that
her sentence “was above the aggravated range of the sentencing guidelines[]
and contrary to the fundamental norms underlying the sentencing process.”
Id. She maintains that, under the sentencing guidelines, “the aggravated
maximum [was] 6 months.” Id. at 13. Although she acknowledges that the
trial court has “broad discretion’ in fashioning a sentence, she notes that
“broad discretion” does not equal “unfettered or unchecked judgment.” Id.
at 11 (citations omitted).
After a thorough review of the record, the briefs of the parties, the
applicable law, and the well-reasoned opinion of the Honorable
Rita Donovan Hathaway, we conclude Appellant’s challenge to the
discretionary aspects of her sentence merits no relief. The trial court opinion
comprehensively discusses and properly disposes of that question:
[At sentencing, the trial court] noted that it had considered the
[PSI], as well as the guidelines[, N.T., 10/19/2018, at 33, and]
clearly outlined its reasons for sentencing outside the guidelines.
The [trial c]ourt noted the seriousness of [Appellant]’s actions.
[Appellant] was one of the first people to see Rahmael Holt on the
evening of November 17, 2017, after Officer Shaw was shot and
killed. The Commonwealth is alleging that Holt was the one to kill
Officer Shaw, and he is currently awaiting trial on charges of
criminal homicide.
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Despite the seriousness of the crime and the perilous situation
that officers were facing shortly thereafter, [Appellant] chose to
lie to protect Holt, and admitted to officers that she had purposely
withheld information. The Commonwealth also noted that
[Appellant] had obtained an associate’s degree in criminal justice,
so that she should have clearly understood the repercussions and
seriousness of lying to law enforcement officials. [Appellant]
understood that the alleged murder weapon had been inside of
her home. She was also aware that Lisa Harrington had retrieved
it from her basement, seemingly to dispose of the weapon.
Despite being aware of these extremely pertinent facts, she chose
to withhold this information to the detriment of law enforcement
that was ceaselessly working to find Officer Shaw’s killer.
Similarly, she showed no remorse after her crimes, and
complained to Rahmael Holt that she was facing charges due to a
“snitch,” and lamented that Holt could not find a way to get her
out of prison.
For these reasons, the [trial c]ourt’s sentence was not an abuse
of discretion, and took into account [Appellant]’s personal
characteristics, the sentencing guidelines, as well as the individual
facts of the case.
Trial Court Opinion, filed November 30, 2018, at 6-7.
We agree that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in sentencing
Appellant. See Lekka, 2019 Pa. Super. 155, *8. Accordingly, we affirm.
Judgment of sentence affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 8/12/2019
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