Com. v. Gatewood, T. ( 2018 )


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  • J-S49029-18
    NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA                     IN THE SUPERIOR COURT
    OF PENNSYLVANIA
    Appellee
    v.
    TRICIA M. GATEWOOD
    Appellant                 No. 384 MDA 2018
    Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence imposed February 27, 2018
    In the Court of Common Pleas of York County
    Criminal Division at Nos: CP-67-MD-0001458-2017
    BEFORE: SHOGAN, J., STABILE, J., and STEVENS, P.J.E.*
    MEMORANDUM BY STABILE, J.:                         FILED SEPTEMBER 24, 2018
    Appellant, Tricia M. Gatewood, appeals from her judgment of sentence
    for four counts of driving under the influence (“DUI”),1 claiming that there was
    insufficient evidence from which to conclude that she drove, operated or was
    in actual physical control of a motor vehicle. We affirm.
    On February 4, 2017, Trooper Kelly of the Pennsylvania State Police was
    dispatched to respond to a 911 hang-up at 256 Black Oak Trail in Delta,
    Pennsylvania. When Trooper Kelly arrived at the residence, only one minivan
    was parked in the driveway. Appellant’s husband informed Trooper Kelly that
    ____________________________________________
    * Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
    1 75 Pa. C.S. § 3802(a)(1), 3802(b), 3802(d)(1)(ii), 3802(d)(3). Appellant
    was also convicted of harassment under 18 Pa.C.S. § 2709. This conviction
    is not at issue in this appeal.
    1
    J-S49029-18
    he and Appellant had been involved in an argument, and that Appellant had
    left the house to drive around the neighborhood. N.T., 1/8/18, at 70. The
    trooper entered the residence and observed signs of a violent argument
    (broken glass and a smashed aquarium).
    About ten minutes later, Appellant and her daughter entered the
    residence. Trooper Kelly noticed that Appellant had the smell of alcohol about
    her person, bloodshot eyes, and slurred speech. Appellant told Trooper Kelly
    that earlier in the day, her family visited her, and she had been drinking wine.
    When the guests left, her and her husband began to fight over her opinion
    that God wanted her to move to Florida. During the course of the argument,
    Appellant struck her husband with a cucumber several times.          While her
    children were present in the room, Appellant flipped over an aquarium. Glass
    shards littered the floor around the children, and one of the children injured
    her foot while trying to save a fish. Appellant left the home to go for a drive
    with her child around the neighborhood so that she could calm down.      Id. at
    79, 98. Trooper Kelly testified that public roads surround the home. There
    are no private roads in the neighborhood.
    While there had been only one vehicle at the residence when Trooper
    Kelly arrived, there was now a second vehicle, a green Toyota Sienna, parked
    on the lawn of the residence. Id. at 76. Trooper Kelly did not actually observe
    Appellant driving the Sienna or behind the wheel, because he was inside the
    residence at the time Appellant returned to the residence.       Nevertheless,
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    Trooper Kelly did not see any other individual who could have driven this
    vehicle onto the lawn. Id. at 98.
    Trooper Baker, a second trooper, arrived about 45 minutes after Trooper
    Kelly. When Trooper Baker arrived, there were two minivans parked at the
    home, one in the driveway and one on the grass. Appellant acted belligerently
    towards Trooper Baker, stating it was none of his “fucking business” what she
    had to drink. N.T., 1/8/18, at 118. Trooper Baker “absolutely” smelled alcohol
    on her person. Id. at 117. Appellant was using the railing on the back porch
    for support. When Trooper Baker asked Appellant to perform field sobriety
    tests, Appellant said: “I’m not fucking going anywhere with you.” Id. at 122-
    23.   Appellant attempted to run away but was apprehended.              Blood tests
    following her arrest revealed that that she had 65 nanograms per milliliter of
    amphetamines, a controlled substance, in her blood and a blood alcohol
    concentration of .111%.
    On     January   9,   2018,   the   jury   found   Appellant   guilty   of   the
    aforementioned charges.       On February 27, 2018, the trial court imposed
    sentence.     Appellant filed a timely notice of appeal and timely Pa.R.A.P.
    1925(b) statement raising several claims that the evidence was insufficient to
    prove that she was intoxicated to a degree that rendered her incapable of safe
    driving.    The trial court subsequently filed a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) opinion on
    these claims.
    In this Court, Appellant raises one issue on appeal:
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    Whether the jury erred in finding the Appellant guilty of violating
    75 Pa.C.S.A. § 3802 when the evidence was insufficient to
    establish each required element of the offense beyond a
    reasonable doubt to support her conviction, there being legally
    insufficient evidence from which to reasonably conclude that
    [Appellant] drove, operated, or was in actual physical control of
    the movement of, a motor vehicle[?]
    Appellant’s Brief at 7.
    The only question that Appellant raised in her Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)
    statement was whether the evidence was sufficient to prove that she was
    intoxicated to a degree that rendered her incapable of safe driving.         The
    argument in her brief concerns an entirely different issue: whether there was
    insufficient evidence that she was driving, operating or in actual physical
    control of the vehicle. Appellant waived this issue by failing to raise it in her
    Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement. Commonwealth v. Diamond, 
    83 A.3d 119
    ,
    136 (Pa. 2013) (in capital appeal, defendant waived issues that he failed to
    raise in Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement).
    Even if Appellant preserved the issue of operation and control for appeal,
    it is devoid of merit. “A claim challenging the sufficiency of the evidence is a
    question of law.” Commonwealth v. Widmer, 
    744 A.2d 745
    , 751 (Pa. 2000).
    The standard we apply in reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence
    is whether viewing all the evidence admitted at trial in the light
    most favorable to the verdict winner, there is sufficient evidence
    to enable the fact-finder to find every element of the crime beyond
    a reasonable doubt. In applying the above test, we may not weigh
    the evidence and substitute our judgment for the fact-finder. In
    addition, we note that the facts and circumstances established by
    the Commonwealth need not preclude every possibility of
    innocence. Any doubts regarding a defendant’s guilt may be
    resolved by the fact-finder unless the evidence is so weak and
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    inconclusive that as a matter of law no probability of fact may be
    drawn from the combined circumstances. The Commonwealth
    may sustain its burden of proving every element of the crime
    beyond a reasonable doubt by means of wholly circumstantial
    evidence. Moreover, in applying the above test, the entire record
    must be evaluated and all evidence actually received must be
    considered. Finally, the finder of fact while passing upon the
    credibility of witnesses and the weight of the evidence produced,
    is free to believe all, part or none of the evidence.
    Commonwealth v. Antidormi, 
    84 A.3d 736
    , 756 (Pa. Super. 2014).
    The DUI statute provides in relevant part:
    (a)(1) An individual may not drive, operate or be in actual physical
    control of the movement of a vehicle after imbibing a sufficient
    amount of alcohol such that the individual is rendered incapable
    of safely driving, operating or being in actual physical control of
    the movement of the vehicle.
    *     *         *
    (b) High rate of alcohol. --An individual may not drive, operate or
    be in actual physical control of the movement of a vehicle after
    imbibing a sufficient amount of alcohol such that the alcohol
    concentration in the individual's blood or breath is at least 0.10%
    but less than 0.16% within two hours after the individual has
    driven, operated or been in actual physical control of the
    movement of the vehicle.
    *     *         *
    (d) Controlled substances. --An individual may not drive, operate
    or be in actual physical control of the movement of a vehicle under
    any of the following circumstances:
    (1)   There is in the individual's blood any amount of a:
    (ii) Schedule II or Schedule III controlled substance, as
    defined in The Controlled Substance, Drug, Device and
    Cosmetic Act, which has not been medically prescribed for
    the individual; or
    *     *         *
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    (3) The individual is under the combined influence of alcohol and
    a drug or combination of drugs to a degree which impairs the
    individual's ability to safely drive, operate or be in actual physical
    control of the movement of the vehicle.
    75 Pa.C.S.A. § 3802. The term “operate” requires evidence of actual physical
    control of the vehicle to be determined based upon the totality of the
    circumstances. Commonwealth v. Williams, 
    941 A.2d 14
    , 27 (Pa. Super.
    2008). “Our precedent indicates that a combination of the following factors is
    required in determining whether a person had ‘actual physical control’ of an
    automobile: the motor running, the location of the vehicle, and additional
    evidence showing that the defendant had driven the vehicle.” Id.; see also
    Commonwealth v. Johnson, 
    833 A.2d 260
     (Pa. Super. 2003) (collecting
    cases on actual physical control).
    Construed in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth, the
    evidence demonstrates that Appellant was driving, operating or in actual
    physical control of the green Sienna.      While neither trooper observed her
    driving the vehicle or behind the wheel, other evidence proves that she was
    driving the Sienna while intoxicated.     Trooper Kelly arrived at Appellant’s
    residence in response to a 911 call. Trooper Kelly observed only one car in
    the driveway at the time of his arrival. Appellant’s husband told the trooper
    that he and Appellant had been arguing, and that Appellant had left the
    residence and gone driving around the neighborhood.          Ten minutes later,
    Appellant entered the residence displaying obvious signs of intoxication.
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    There was now a second car parked on the lawn, a green Sienna. Trooper
    Kelly did not see any other individual who could have driven this vehicle onto
    the lawn.     Appellant admitted that she had been driving around the
    neighborhood. Trooper Baker subsequently arrived, and the troopers placed
    Appellant under arrest. These facts provided ample evidence for the jury to
    conclude beyond a reasonable doubt that Appellant drove, operated or was in
    actual physical control of the Sienna. Accordingly, Appellant’s challenge to
    the sufficiency of the evidence is devoid of merit.
    Judgment of sentence affirmed.
    Judgment Entered.
    Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
    Prothonotary
    Date: 9/24/2018
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Document Info

Docket Number: 384 MDA 2018

Filed Date: 9/24/2018

Precedential Status: Non-Precedential

Modified Date: 12/13/2024