Com. v. Maple, E. ( 2021 )

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
ERIC MAPLE :
:
Appellant : No. 49 EDA 2021
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered November 23, 2020
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
Criminal Division at No: CP-51-CR-0704852-2000
BEFORE: STABILE, J., KING, J., and PELLEGRINI, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY STABILE, J.: FILED DECEMBER 7, 2021
Appellant, Eric Maple, appeals pro se from the November 23, 2020 order
entered in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County dismissing his
petition for collateral relief filed pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act
(“PCRA”), 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546. Upon review, we affirm.
The PCRA court summarized the relevant background as follows.
On December 14, 2004, Appellant was sentenced to an aggregate
term of life imprisonment after a jury found him guilty of second
degree murder, robbery, possession of an instrument of crime
(PIC) and conspiracy. Appellant’s judgments of sentence were
affirmed by the Pennsylvania Superior Court on June 1, 2006 (49
EDA 2005), and on November 1, 2006, the Pennsylvania Supreme
Court denied review. On January 30, 2008, Appellant filed a
counseled first PCRA, claiming that he was entitled to relief based
upon ineffective assistance of trial counsel and violations of his
5th, 6th, 8th and 14th Amendment rights. Following review of
Appellant’s petition, the Commonwealth’s response, the
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* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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controlling law and proper notice, on January 7, 2009, the petition
was dismissed without a hearing. Dismissal was affirmed on
August 11, 2010 (159 EDA 2009), and Appellant’s petition for
allowance of appeal was denied on March 23, 2011 (506 EAL
2011). On March 16, 2017, Appellant filed a second petition for
PCRA relief, claiming that he had located an eyewitness who would
testify that Appellant was not the person who shot the victim.
Then[,] on April 17, 2017, Appellant filed a writ of habeas corpus
claiming that 18 Pa.C.S. § 1102 is unconstitutional and void for
vagueness because the statute fails to provide fair notice that its
penalty of life imprisonment is without parole. The [PCRA court]
treated the writ as a supplement to his PCRA petition. Following
review and appropriate notice, Appellant’s second petition was
dismissed as untimely on May 19, 2017.
On November 18, 2019, and December 27, 2019, Appellant filed
the instant petition and supplemental petition respectively,
alleging newly discovered facts, namely that, based upon his
public access request, he learned that Van Cooper, Jr. (Cooper),
a Commonwealth witness at his trial, did not have an outstanding
scofflaw arrest warrant as was testified to by Homicide Detective
Howard Peterman (Peterman). Appellant asserts that Peterman
perjured himself; that the claim that an outstanding warrant for
Cooper’s arrest existed was just a ruse to lure Cooper out of his
home to submit to police questioning which amounted to an
unlawful arrest. Appellant asserts that he could not have
anticipated or expected that Peterman was lying, and that the
Commonwealth never revealed the lie to the defense. Appellant
further claims that the failure to disclose that no warrant existed,
i.e., that Cooper’s arrest was unlawful, constitutes a Brady[1]
violation warranting a new trial. On July 14, 2020, the
Commonwealth filed a motion to dismiss, contending that
Appellant had not demonstrated that the arrest warrant did not
exist, that Appellant failed to exercise appropriate diligence and
that Appellant failed to substantiate his Brady claim. On
September 21, 2020, a Rule 907 notice was filed and served on
Appellant. In response, on October 7, 2020, Appellant filed an
amended petition addressing the 60 day requirement of the PCRA
exceptions to the one year time limitation. [The PCRA court]
reviewed all of Appellant’s subsequent submissions and again
determined that no relief was due. Appellant’s petition was
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1 Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83 (1963).
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dismissed without a hearing on November 23, 2020. This appeal
followed.
PCRA Court Opinion, 2/26/21, at 1-3 (footnotes omitted).
Appellant’s argument can be summarized as follows. Detective
Peterman, a Commonwealth witness at his trial, falsely stated that Cooper
had an outstanding arrest warrant, and the Commonwealth failed to correct
Peterman’s false statement. Appellant additionally avers that failure to
disclose that no warrant existed constitutes a Brady violation, and that this
Brady violation meets the requirements of the newly-discovered fact
exception and of the governmental interference exception.
“[A]n appellate court reviews the PCRA court’s findings of fact to
determine whether they are supported by the record, and reviews its
conclusions of law to determine whether they are free from legal error.”
Commonwealth v. Spotz, 84 A.3d 294, 311 (Pa. 2014) (citation omitted).
All PCRA petitions, “including a second or subsequent petition, shall be filed
within one year of the date the judgment becomes final” unless an exception
to timeliness applies. 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1). “The PCRA’s time
restrictions are jurisdictional in nature. Thus, if a PCRA petition is untimely,
neither this Court nor the [PCRA] court has jurisdiction over the petition.
Without jurisdiction, we simply do not have the legal authority to address the
substantive claims.” Commonwealth v. (Frank) Chester, 895 A.2d 520,
522 (Pa. 2006) (internal citations and quotation marks omitted) (overruled
on other grounds by Commonwealth v. Small, 238 A.3d 1267 (Pa. 2020)).
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As timeliness is separate and distinct from the merits of Appellant’s
underlying claims, we first determine whether this PCRA petition is timely
filed. Commonwealth v. Stokes, 959 A.2d 306, 310 (Pa. 2008)
(consideration of Brady claim separate from consideration of its timeliness).
As noted above, Appellant filed the instant petition on November 18,
2019, approximately eleven years after his judgment of sentence became
final. As such, the instant petition is facially untimely.2
All PCRA petitions, “including a second or subsequent petition, shall be
filed within one year of the date the judgment becomes final.” 42 Pa.C.S.A.
§ 9545(b)(1). The one-year time limitation, however, can be overcome if a
petitioner (1) alleges and proves one of the three exceptions set forth in
Section 9545(b)(1)(i)-(iii) of the PCRA, and (2) files a petition raising this
exception within one year of the date the claim could have been presented.
42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(2).3
As noted, the thrust of Appellant’s argument is that the Commonwealth
committed a Brady violation, which meets the requirements of the newly-
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2 The record reflects Appellant’s judgment of sentence became final on
January 30, 2007, ninety days after our Supreme Court denied his petition for
allowance of appeal. See 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(3); Pa.R.A.P. 903(a); Sup.
Ct. R. 13. Appellant had one year from January 30, 2007 to file a timely PCRA
petition. His present petition, which was filed in 2019, is therefore facially
untimely.
3Section 9545(b)(2) was amended to enlarge the deadline from sixty days to
one year. The amendment applies only to claims arising on or after December
24, 2017.
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discovered fact exception in Section 9545(b)(1)(ii) and the governmental
interference exception set forth in Section 9545(b)(1)(i).
The newly-discovered fact exception requires a petitioner to plead and
prove two components: (1) the facts upon which the claim was predicated
were unknown, and (2) these unknown facts could not have been ascertained
by the exercise of due diligence. See Commonwealth v. Burton, 158 A.3d
618, 638 (Pa. 2017). Due diligence does not require “perfect vigilance nor
punctilious care, but rather it requires reasonable efforts by a petitioner,
based on the particular circumstances to uncover facts that may support a
claim for collateral relief.” Commonwealth v. Shiloh, 170 A.3d 553, 558
(Pa. Super. 2017) (citation omitted). As such, “the due diligence inquiry is
fact-sensitive and dependent upon the circumstances presented.” Id.(citation omitted). “A petitioner must explain why he could not have obtained
the new fact(s) earlier with the exercise of due diligence.” Commonwealth
v. Monaco, 996 A.2d 1076, 1080 (Pa. Super. 2010).
As aptly noted by the PCRA court, “Appellant cannot meet this burden.”
PCRA Court Opinion, 2/26/21, at 4.
We begin by addressing Appellant’s contention that he first learned of
the non-existence of the scofflaw warrant on October 10, 2019, upon receipt
of a communication from the Office of Judicial Records. Appellant’s Brief at
7. There are two problems with Appellant’s contention. First, the Office of
Judicial Records did not indicate, as Appellant seems to imply, that no warrant
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exists. See Appellant’s Brief at 7. Appellant’s own Exhibit A, which appears
to be the response relied upon by Appellant in support of his contention,
states something different. The Office merely stated that it was not “able to
locate anything,” which is not the same as saying that no warrant exists.
Being unable to locate a record does not necessarily mean that the record
does not exist.4 Second, Appellant fails to appreciate that the focus of the
newly-discovered fact exception is on the “newly discovered facts, not on a
newly discovered or newly willing source for previously known facts.”
Commonwealth v. Marshall, 947 A.2d 714, 720 (Pa. 2008). The fact was
known to Appellant as far back as the time of his trial, if not earlier. Indeed,
the PCRA court noted:
In his submissions, Appellant cites several instances where the
issue of the scofflaw warrant came up as far back as the
preliminary hearing, including that Cooper testified at trial
that, to his knowledge, he (Cooper) did not have a scofflaw
warrant (PCRA Pet. 11/18/20, pg. 3, 5-6, 9, Exhibit B). It
is clear from Appellant’s submissions that he was aware of the
issues surrounding the existence or non-existence of the
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4 The PCRA Court similarly noted:
In addition, Appellant provides his correspondence to the Court
Administrator of the FJD titled Public Access Appeal, dated October
10, 2019, that he contacted the Public Access Unit, Room 236,
City Hall on September 19, 2019, requesting a record of an
outstanding warrant for the arrest of [Cooper] executed on May
3, 2000, but nothing indicates whether a scofflaw warrant does or
does not exist. (PCRA Pet. 11/18/20, Exhibit A).
PCRA Court Opinion, 2/26/21, at 5 n.5.
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outstanding scofflaw warrant for [Cooper] prior to when his
judgment of sentence became final.
PCRA Court Opinion, 2/26/21, at 4-5 (emphasis added).
Thus, for the reasons explained above, the communication from the
Office of Judicial Records does not constitute a newly discovered fact.
Even more fatal is Appellant’s failure to act on that knowledge in a timely
manner. The PCRA court noted:
It appears from [Appellant]’s petition that Appellant’s first request
for information about the alleged scofflaw warrant was made on
July 17, 2016, more than eight years after his judgment of
sentence became final. (Amended/Supplemental Pet. 10/06/20
Exhibit G). That request was denied because it was not directed
to the proper agency. Appellant does not explain what steps he
took to inquire about the existence or non-existence of Cooper’s
alleged outstanding scofflaw earlier.
PCRA Court Opinion, 2/26/21, at 5.5
Similarly, before us Appellant fails to explain what prevented him from
inquiring about the warrant in a timely manner, given that the issue of its
existence had been questioned even before trial. Conveniently, Appellant
alleges that due diligence started from the time he heard from the Office of
Judicial Records on October 10, 2019. Appellant’s Brief at 11. However, as
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5 In his response to the PCRA court’s Rule 907 notice, Appellant alleged his
July 2016 request was not the first time he sought information about the
warrant. Appellant alleged that he first attempted to gather information about
the warrant in 2006. However, the Commonwealth noted, and we agree, that
“even assuming that he did first seek this information in 2006, [Appellant] did
not explain why he did not follow up on the request again until almost a decade
later [July 2016].” Commonwealth’s Brief at 12.
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noted above, the office did not state that the warrant did not exist, and, more
importantly, the office did not provide Appellant with any information of which
he was not already aware. In light of the above, we conclude that Appellant
failed to prove that his claims are timely under the newly-discovered fact
exception.
Next, Appellant argues his Brady claim qualifies as timely under the
governmental interference exception.6 We disagree. Appellant essentially
argues that the October 10, 2019, response from the Office of Judicial Records
also triggered the governmental interference exception. Specifically,
Appellant argues that, on October 10, 2019, the Office of Judicial Records
provided Appellant with proof that the Commonwealth engaged in some sort
of unlawful conduct by not acting on the false testimony provided by Detective
Peterman. In Appellant’s view, the Commonwealth’s conduct constitutes a
Brady violation of which he became aware only on October 10, 2019. The
viability of this argument relies on the viability of the prior claim. Because the
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6 In Commonwealth v. Abu-Jamal, 941 A.2d 1263 (Pa. 2008), our
Supreme Court stated:
Although a Brady violation may fall within the governmental
interference exception, the petitioner must plead and prove the
failure to previously raise the claim was the result of interference
by government officials, and the information could not have been
obtained earlier with the exercise of due diligence.
[Commonwealth v. Breakiron, 781 A.2d 94, 98 (Pa. 2001)].
Id. at 1268.
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prior claim was legally and factually without merit, the instant claim shares
the same fate. The instant claim assumes that the information provided by
Detective Peterman was false, which, as noted above, Appellant failed to
prove. Appellant also fails to prove that the Commonwealth had knowledge
of the false testimony.
As noted above, Appellant also failed to show what he did, if anything,
to investigate the existence of the warrant prior to 2016 (or, if he started
looking into it in 2006, what happened between 2006 and 2016). Evidence
about the warrant “came out during Cooper’s testimony at both the
preliminary hearing – over four years before his trial – and at the trial itself.”
Commonwealth’s Brief at 13 (emphasis in original). As for the newly-
discovered fact, Appellant was required to show that he could not have filed
his claim earlier, but failed to do so.7 The information to act upon was known
to Appellant from the time of the preliminary hearing but he decided only to
pursue it several years later, and without an explanation as to the delay. In
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7 In his reply to the Commonwealth’s Brief, Appellant argues that “[d]ue
diligence does not require a defendant to assume that a witness is committing
perjury and that the prosecution is allowing it to happen.” Appellant’s Reply
Brief at 4. Appellant is correct that due diligence does not require a petitioner
to assume that a witness is committing perjury. Due diligence, indeed,
requires petitioners to take reasonable steps to uncover facts that may
support a claim for collateral relief. Appellant has been fully aware that there
were questions about the warrant as far back as the preliminary hearing. Yet,
Appellant failed to act on that fact in a timely manner.
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light of the foregoing, we conclude that Appellant failed to meet the
governmental interference exception. See Abu-Jamal, supra.
Order affirmed.8
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 12/7/2021
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8Because Appellant failed to prove the timeliness of his PCRA petition, we do
not entertain the merits of his claims. See Abu-Jamal, supra.
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