Com. v. Maloy, E. ( 2014 )

J-A24001-14
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee
v.
ERIC MALOY
Appellant No. 1088 EDA 2013
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence March 15, 2013
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-0012010-2011
BEFORE: GANTMAN, P.J., BENDER, P.J.E., and PLATT, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY GANTMAN, P.J.: FILED AUGUST 29, 2014
Appellant, Eric Maloy, appeals from the judgment of sentence entered
in the Philadelphia County Court of Common Pleas, following his jury trial
conviction of rape of a child under thirteen, involuntary deviate sexual
child, corruption of a minor, and indecent assault.1 We affirm.
In its opinion, the trial court fully and correctly sets forth the relevant
facts and procedural history of this case. Therefore, we have no reason to
restate them.
Appellant raises the following issue for our review:
____________________________________________
1
18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 3121(c), 3123(a)(6), 4304(a)(1), 6301(a)(1)(i), and
3126(a)(7) respectively.
_____________________________
*Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
J-A24001-14
DID THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS ERR BY ADMITTING
PRIOR/OTHER BAD ACTS WITNESSES PURSUANT TO
PENNSYLVANIA RULE OF EVIDENCE 404(B)?
Appellant urges that evidence of prior acts is generally admissible to
prove the identity of the perpetrator; however, there is no issue of
identification in this case. Appellant also claims the Commonwealth did not
show enough factual similarities between the prior child molestation
allegations and this case which would tend to prove common scheme or
plan. Appellant suggests that the few factual similarities which do exist are
merely common elements of all rape cases. Appellant further insists the
time gap between the prior allegations and this crime was too lengthy to
establish the common plan exception. Appellant avers each allegation
involved a different person and different circumstances. Appellant reasons
there is no logical connection between the prior alleged victims and the
victim in this case. Appellant contends that, to establish this logical
connection, all incidents of child molestation must have occurred no more
than a few days apart. Appellant submits evidence of the prior child rape
allegations were inadmissible under the common plan, scheme, or design
exception. Likewise, Appellant asserts the prior child rape allegations were
inadmissible to show his intent, motive, knowledge or state of mind. Based
upon the foregoing, Appellant maintains admission of the prior child rape
allegations denied him a fair trial. Additionally, Appellant submits that all
-2-
J-A24001-14
previous allegations were inadmissible under the doctrine of collateral
estoppel, because he was not convicted of the offenses charged in the prior
matters. Appellant insists the trial court abused its discretion in allowing this
testimony because the prejudicial nature of the evidence far outweighed its
probative value. Appellant concludes he is entitled to a new trial without the
testimony at issue. We disagree.
and will be reversed only upon a showing that the trial court clearly abused
Commonwealth v. Drumheller, 570 Pa. 117, 135, 808
A.2d 893, 904 (2002), cert. denied, 539 U.S. 919, 123 S.Ct. 2284, 156
L.Ed.2d 137 (2003) (quoting Commonwealth v. Stallworth, 566 Pa. 349,
363, 781 A.2d 110, 117 (2001)).
Admissibility depends on relevance and probative value.
Evidence is relevant if it logically tends to establish a
material fact in the case, tends to make a fact at issue
more or less probable or supports a reasonable inference
or presumption regarding a material fact.
Drumheller, supra at 135, 808 A.2d at 904 (quoting Stallworth, supra at
363, 781 A.2d at 117-18).
Commonwealth v. Hudson, 955 A.2d 1031, 1034 (Pa.Super. 2008),
appeal denied, 600 Pa. 739, 964 A.2d 1 (2009). Rule 404 governs the
admissibility of other crimes evidence as follows:
-3-
J-A24001-14
Rule 404. Character evidence not admissible to
prove conduct; exceptions; other crimes
* * *
(b) Other crimes, wrongs, or acts.
(1) Evidence of other crimes, wrongs, or acts is not
admissible to prove the character of a person in order to
show action in conformity therewith.
(2) Evidence of other crimes, wrongs, or acts may be
admitted for other purposes, such as proof of motive,
opportunity, intent, preparation, plan, knowledge, identity
or absence of mistake or accident.
(3) Evidence of other crimes, wrongs, or acts
proffered under subsection (b)(2) of this rule may be
admitted in a criminal case only upon a showing that the
probative value of the evidence outweighs its potential for
prejudice.
* * *
Pa.R.E. 404(b)(1)-(3).
This Court has found evidence of prior bad acts admissible when it
establishes a common plan, scheme, or design. Commonwealth v. Judd,
897 A.2d 1224, 1232 (Pa.Super. 2006), appeal denied, 590 Pa. 675, 912
A.2d 1291 (2006) (internal citations omitted).
The following factors should be considered in establishing
similarity:
the elapsed time between the crimes;
the geographical proximity of the crime scenes; and
the manner in which the crimes were committed.
-4-
J-A24001-14
Id. at 1231-32 (internal citations, quotation marks, and footnote omitted).
Evidence is properly admitted under the common plan, scheme, or design
exception where all of the alleged acts are of a similar character.
Commonwealth v. Booth, 435 A.2d 1220, 1226 (Pa.Super. 1981) (holding
evidence was admissible under common plan, scheme, design exception).
To establish a common plan or scheme, courts must examine the details of
the prior and present incidents for shared factual similarities in their
entirety. , 836 A.2d 966, 970-71 (Pa.Super.
20
Commonwealth v. Arrington, 86 A.3d 831, 842 (Pa.
2014) (quoting Commonwealth v. Miller, 541 Pa. 531, 664 A.2d 1310,
(1995)). A common plan, scheme, or design may be relevant to establish
any element of a crime. Commonwealth v. Einhorn, 911 A.2d 960(Pa.Super. 2006), appeal denied, 591 Pa. 723, 920 A.2d 831 (2007).
motive, the prior bad acts must give sufficient ground to believe that the
crime currently being considered grew out of or was in any way caused by
Commonwealth v. Reid, 571 Pa.
1, 35, 811 A.2d 530, 550 (2002), cert. denied, 540 U.S. 850, 124 S.Ct. 131,
situations where the bad acts were part of a chain or sequence of events
-5-
J-A24001-14
that formed the history of the case and were part of its natural
Id.nce of prior bad acts is admissible in rebuttal to
Commonwealth v. Powers, 577 A.2d 194, 196 (Pa.Super.
testimony on cross- Id. See also
Commonwealth v. Barnett, 50 A.3d 176, 190 (Pa.Super. 2012), appeal
denied, ___ Pa. ___, 63 A.3d 772 (2013) (reiterating that courts have
discretion to decide order of presentation of evidence at trial).
After a thorough review of the record, the briefs of the parties, the
applicable law, and the well-reasoned opinion of the Honorable Donna M.
opinion comprehensively discusses and properly disposes of the question
presented, with one exception that we will discuss presently. (See Trial
Court Opinion, filed June 18, 2013, at 5-10) (finding: victims were all African
American male children; victims were all anally penetrated; Appellant was
residence during time when molestations allegedly occurred; all incidents
occurred at night after victims had fallen asleep; time between incidents was
not dispositive; Appellant historically and consistently portrayed all victims
-6-
J-A24001-14
as liars and all allegations as fabrications; Appellant implied present rape
allegation was fabricated on behalf of his life partner; prior acts established
common plan or scheme; repeated use of male children to satisfy sexual
rebutted inference that current victim and witnesses fabricated charges;
probative value of prior rape allegations outweighed prejudicial effect). The
disturb it on the grounds alleged. See Drumheller, supra.The one argument the trial court opinion did not address was
acquittals is precluded under Dowling v. United States, 493 U.S. 342, 110
S.Ct. 668, 107 L.Ed.2d 780 (1990). Initially, we observe that any issues not
appellate review. Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)(4)(vii). The purpose of a Rule 1925(b)
statement is to provide the trial court with an opportunity to provide the
appellate court with an explanation of its ruling. Commonwealth v.
Blystone, 617 A.2d 778 (Pa.Super. 1992). Incorporating issues into a Rule
1925(b) statement by reference to another document constitutes a failure to
comply with letter and spirit of Rule 1925(b). Commonwealth v. Osteen,
552 A.2d 1124, 1126 (Pa.Super 1989).
Instantly, Appellant does mention his Dowling argument in his June
6, 2012, motion in limine
-7-
J-A24001-14
does not specify this argument. Rather, Appellant incorporated his June 6
motion by reference in his Rule 1925(b) statement. Additionally, the trial
court opinion does not address the issue. Therefore, Appellant arguably
failed to preserve it for our review. See id.Moreover, Appellant misinterprets Dowling. The issue presented in
Dowling was whether evidence of prior bad acts admitted for purposes of
suspect identification violated the doctrine of collateral estoppel when
Appellant was acquitted of those prior acts. Dowling, supra at 348, 110
S.Ct. at 673, 107 L.Ed.2d at ___. The U.S. Supreme Court held that
collateral estoppel did not preclude the government from entering evidence
of prior bad acts, even though they resulted in acquittals, because
admissibility does not require proof beyond a reasonable doubt. Id. at 350,
110 S.Ct. at 673, 107 L.Ed.2d at ___. The Dowling Court did not limit its
Consequently, Dowling does not stand for the limited proposition Appellant
asserts. Thus, even if properly preserved, this particular claim lacks merit.
Accordingly, we affirm the judgment of sentence.
Judgment of sentence affirmed.
-8-
J-A24001-14
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 8/29/2014
-9-
Circulated 08/19/2014 04:11 PM
FILED
FIRSi~J~~I~~UD~!T~~i'~:p~~~i~~~ANIA .JUL 1 8 2013
TRIAL DIVISION - CRIMINAL SECTION Ft e{'min.a! Appeals Unit
I(S Judicial District of PA
COMMONWEALTH OF CP-SI-CR-0012010-2011
PENNSYLVANIA
CP_51_CR_0012010-2011 Comm. v. Maloy, Eric
SUPERIOR COURT
vs. Opinion NO. 1088 EDA 2013
ERIC MALOY 1111111111111111111111111
7043053701
OPINION
WOELPPER, J. JULY 18,2013
I. PROCEDURAL OVERVIEW
On December 3,2012, ajury found defendant Eric Maloy ("Defendant") guilty of rape of
a child under thirteen, I involuntary deviate sexual intercourse with a child under thirteen
("IDSI"),2 endangering the welfare of a child ("EWOC"),3 corruption of a minor,4 and indecent
assault.s On March 15,2013, the trial court found that Defendant met the criteria for a sexually
violent predator6 and sentenced him to an aggregate of thirty-six to seventy-two years of
incarceration. 7 The court also ordered that Defendant receive sex offender treatment.
1 18 Pa. C.S. § 3121(c).
218 Pa. C.S. § 3123(b).
3 18 Pa. C.S. § 4304.
4 18 Pa. C.S. § 630 I (a)(l )(i).
518 Pa. e.S. § 3123.
6 In making this determination, the court considered the expert report and testimony of Barbara Ziv. M.D., a member
of the Sexual Offenders Assessment Board. In both her report and live testimony, Dr. Ziv opined that Defendant
met the criteria for a sexually violent predator.
7 The court fashioned Defendant's sentence as follows: eighteen to thirty-six years of incarceration on the rape
charge; eighteen to thirty-six years of incarceration on the IDSI charge; two to four years of incarceration on the
EWOC charge; one to two years of incarceration on the corruption of a minor charge; and two to four years of
incarceration on the indecent assault charge. The incarceration sentence on the IDSI charge was ordered to run
Circulated 08/19/2014 04:11 PM
Defendant filed a pro se notice of appeal on April 10, 2013, and subsequently retained
private counsel to represent him. 8 Defendant's statement of errors complained of on appeal
("Statement") alleges that in granting the Commonwealth's "Motion to Admit Other Acts of
Defendant" ("Motion"), and subsequently admitting evidence of those other acts at trial, the trial
court committed "prejudicial error and deprived [Defendant] of due process and a fair trial."
"Statement" at -,r 4. For the reasons below, the court's judgment of sentence should be affirmed.
II. FACTUAL BACKGROUND
The Commonwealth's Motion alleged the following facts, which were consistent with the
testimony subsequently presented at trial. The complainant, S.W., alleged that when he was
between five and six years old, Defendant (who was his godfather), anally and orally raped him.
Motion at p. 3 at -,r 2; Notes of Testimony ("N.T."), Nov. 28, 2012 at pp. 16-17. These assaults'
occurred at Defendant's house while he was charged with taking care of S.W. Motion at p. 3, -,r
I; N.T., Nov. 28, 2012 at p. 34. In the summer of2011, S.W.'s family was unable to send him to
summer camp, so they sent him to spend the majority of the summer with Defendant instead.
Motion at p. 3, -,r I; N.T., Nov. 28, 2012 at p. 74. At the end of that summer, S.W. told
Defendant's then fifteen-year-old son that Defendant had "sucked [S.W.'s] dick," "made [S.W.]
suck [Defendant's] dick," and "put [Defendant's] dick in [S.W.'s] butt." Motion at p. 3, -,r 2;
N.T. Nov. 28,2012 at pp. 17-18. S.W. also told Defendant's son that "piss" and "white stuff'
came out of Defendant's penis and onto the couch. Motion at p. 3, -,r 3; N.T., Nov. 28, 2012 at p.
21. Testimony at trial revealed that S.W. told Defendant's then-partner about the assaults as
well. N.T., Nov. 28, 2012 at pp. 101-02.
consecutive to the sentence on the rape charge. All remaining sentences were ordered to run concurrent to the rape
charge.
8 Jennifer Ann Santiago, Esquire was initially appointed as Defendant's appeal counsel, but Defendant subsequently
retained Jason Kadish, Esquire to represent him on appeal. Mr. Kadish had also served as Defendant's trial counsel
in this matter.
2
Circulated 08/19/2014 04:11 PM
Defendant's son told his mother (Defendant's ex-wife) about S.W.'s allegations, and they
reported the alleged assaults to the police. Motion at p. 3, '1[4; N.T., Nov. 28, 2012 at p. 58. Law
enforcement notified the Department of Human Services ("DHS") of the allegations, and a DHS
representative immediately went to Defendant's home to assess S.W. 's safety. Motion at p. 4, '1[
5; N.T., Nov. 29, 2012 at pp. 77-80. When the DHS worker explained to Defendant that he had
been asked to investigate S.W.'s welfare, Defendant responded that he had not seen S.W. in
approximately two months and thought he may have gone to New Jersey. Motion at p. 4, '1[5;
N.T., Nov. 29, 2012 at p. 80. After speaking with DHS, Defendant instructed his partner to take
S.W. (who had been at Defendant's house during the conversation with DHS) out to the
backyard. Motion at p. 4, '1[5; N.T., Nov. 28, 2012 at p. 105. Having leamed of the alleged
assaults, however, Defendant's partner took S.W. next door instead. N.T., Nov. 28, 2012 at p.
106.
DHS and law enforcement observed S.W. exiting Defendant's neighbor's home and took
him for a forensic interview at the Philadelphia Children's Alliance. Motion at p. 4, '1['1[5-6; N.T.,
Nov. 29, 2012 at pp. 68; 85. S.W. was also given an acute sexual assault examination at the
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, including the collection of forensic evidence. Motion at p.
4, '1[6; N.T., Nov. 29, 2012 at pp. 12-13. Though the collection results did not test positive for
the presence of sperm, and the physical examination did not reveal any visible signs of abuse,
these results did not contradict the reported assaults. Motion at p. 4, '1[6; N.T., Nov. 29,2012 at
pp. 16-20.
A warrant was subsequently secured for Defendant's arrest. Motion at p. 4, '1[7; N.T.
Nov. 29, 2012 at p. 120. Law enforcement made several unsuccessful attempts to arrest
Defendant at his residence. Motion at p. 4, '1[7; N.T., Nov. 29, 2012 at p. 120-21. Only after the
3
Circulated 08/19/2014 04:11 PM
Fugitive Task Force of the United States Marshals became involved was Defendant found and
arrested at a Philadelphia motel. Motion at p. 4, ~ 7; N.T., Nov. 29, 2012 at p. 138-40. 9
The Commonwealth filed the contested motion on February 22, 2012, alleging the above-
outlined facts and seeking to admit testimony that Defendant had anaUy raped four other minor
boys in the past. The basis for seeking to admit this testimony was to show a common scheme,
plan, or pattern, establish Defendant's motive and intent, illustrate the history of the case, and
refute any defense that S.W. was fabricating the alleged events. Motion at p. 4. The facts of the
"other acts" as alleged in the Motion are reproduced in full below.
I. In July, 1998, [T.B.] (then I 9-years-old), disclosed that his Godfather, the defendant,
had been molesting him since he was thirteen. [T.B.] lived with the defendant from
the age of thirteen because his dad was abusive and his mom was deceased.
Specifically, [T.B.] disclosed that the defendant frequently anally raped him inside of
his home over the course ofthose six years. The defendant gave a statement to police
arguing that [T.B.] fabricated allegations of sexual assault against the defendant
because of a disagreement over [T.B.' s] social security money. (The defendant stated
that he managed [T.B. 's] social security money because [T.B.] "was found to be
mentally incompetent by the state to handle his money.") The defendant was arrested
and charged with sexually abusing [T.B.] under CP-5I -CR-II 07591-1998. The case
was held for court and was then consolidated for ajury trial with the matter involving
[R. W .] (described below). The defendant was granted a judgment of acquittal after
prosecutors made the opening statement on the matter, but could not locate the victim
for his testimony. 10
2. In October, 1998, [R.W.] (then 14-years-old), disclosed that his uncle, the defendant,
attempted to anally rape him once at his mother's home, and anally raped him
another time in the defendant's home. The defendant gave a statement to police
arguing that [R. W.] fabricated the allegations of sexual assault against the defendant
because [R.W.'s] father hates the defendant. The defendant was arrested and charged
with sexually abusing [R.W.] under CP-51-CR-100831 1-1998. This case was held
9 The Marshals received information on Defendant's whereabouts after having placed Defendant's fugitive profile in
the Phi/adelphia Daily News. N.T., Nov. 29, 2012 at p. 139.
10 On November 29,2012, the Commonwealth called T.B. to testify at Defendant's trial. T.B. testified that while he
was living with Defendant, Defendant anally raped and beat him on mUltiple occasions, generally after T.B. had
gone to sleep. N.T., Nov. 29, 2012 at pp. 164-167. T.B. testified that he failed to appear at Defendant's trial for
those assaults because Defendant had taken him out of state at the time of trial. [d. at 180.
4
Circulated 08/19/2014 04:11 PM
for court and was then consolidated for trial with the matter involving [T.B.]. The
matter was tried by jury, and the defendant was found not guilty. I I
3. In December, 1992, [S.S.] (then 14-years-old), disclosed that the defendant anally
raped him on numerous occasions. [S.S.] had been living with the defendant for
approximately two months because he was having problems at home and his mother
was in an inpatient drug rehabilitation program outside the city of Philadelphia. The
defendant gave a statement to police insinuating that [S.S.] fabricated the allegations
of sexual assault against the defendant because ofa contlict between the defendant
and [S.S.'s] family. The defendant was arrested and charged with sexually abusing
S.S. under CP-51-CR-0300131-1993. The case was held for court after a preliminary
hearing. Records indicate that [S.S.] was then moved to Allentown for fear of his
safety. However, prior to trial the case was nolle prossed due to the inability to
locate [S.S.] after the move.
4. In October, 1983, [R.L.], (then two-and-a-half-years old), disclosed to his
grandmother that his babysitter, the defendant, put his "ding-dong" (penis) inside his
butt when he was on the couch, laying on his stomach, and that it hurt. [R.L. 's]
mother noticed "ripped skin" on [R.L.'s] anal area, and took him to the hospital and
to the police. The defendant later admitted to anally penetrating the child, stating that
he "acted out of vengeance towards the child's mother, his cousin's girlfriend, who
had been mean to him." When asked why he chose to penetrated [sic] the child,
rather than using some other form of retaliation or violence, the defendant was unable
to give any explanation. The defendant was arrested and processed as ajuvenile
under docket number JV -0 I 08356-1983. Records retlect that the defendant was
committed to a delinquent institution (Loysville Youth Development Center) as a
result of this case.
Motion at pp. 4-5.
On November 30, 2012, this court granted the Commonwealth's motion to admit
testimony pertaining to the alleged assaults against T.B., R.W., and S.S., but denied the motion
as to R.L. At the time of trial, however, the Commonwealth only secured the testimony ofT.B.
and R.W. Therefore, none of the allegations involving S.S. were admitted.
III. DISCUSSION
Contrary to Defendant's contention on appeal, the trial court properly admitted evidence
of his prior alleged assaults against T.B. and R.W. for purposes of demonstrating that
II The Commonwealth also called R. W. to testify on November 29,2012. R.W. testified that his uncle (Defendant)
had anally raped him on multiple occasions, including at Defendant's house. N.T., Nov. 29,2012 at p. 188-190.
R. W. testified that at the time ofthese assaults, his parents were in the course of getting divorced. !d. at 200.
5
Circulated 08/19/2014 04:11 PM
Defendant's alleged assaults on S.W. were part ofa common scheme, plan, or pattern;
establishing motive, intent, and opportunity to commit the assaults; and refuting any inference
that S.W. had fabricated the allegations against Defendant. The trial court has broad discretion
in determining what evidence to admit at trial, and its evidentiary decisions should be upheld
absent an abuse of discretion. Commonwealth v. Glass, 50 A.3d 720, 725 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2012).
"An abuse of discretion is not merely an error of judgment, but is rather the overriding or
misapplication of the law, or an exercise of judgment that is manifestly unreasonable, or the
result of bias, prejudice, ill-will or partiality, as shown by the evidence of the record." Id. at 725(internal quotations omitted). Evidence of a defendant's past conduct may be admitted if done
for a purpose other than to show bad character or hislher propensity to commit the current
offense with which he/she is charged. See Commonwealth v. Reese, 31 A.3d 708, 723 (Pa.
Super. Ct. 20 11); Pa.R.Evid. 404(b)(I). Though not an exhaustive list, Pennsylvania Rule of
Evidence 404 outlines purposes for which "other acts" evidence may be admitted, including
motive, opportunity, intent, preparation, plan, knowledge, identity, or absence of mistake or
accident. Pa.R.Evid.404(b)(2). Even if used for a recognized purpose, however, the evidence's
probative value must outweigh any prejudicial effect. !d.
Evidence is not prejudicial in the context of the 404(b) analysis merely because it would
have a harmful effect on a defendant's case. See Commonwealth v. Dillon, 925 A.2d 131, 141
(Pa. 2007). The court need not "sanitize the trial to eliminate all unpleasant facts" that are
otherwise relevant. !d. To the contrary, "'unfair prejudice' means a tendency to suggest
decision on an improper basis or to divert the jury's attention away from its duty of weighing the
evidence impartially." Id. (citing Pa.R.Evid. 403 cmt.).
6
Circulated 08/19/2014 04:11 PM
Here, evidence introduced through T.B. and R.W. was relevant to establish Defendant's
common scheme, plan, or design in sexually assaulting minor boys, including S.W. A common
scheme, plan, or design is recognized when two or more acts took place in similar locations,
involved similar victims, and involved similar acts against those victims. See Commonwealth v.
Aikens, 990 A.2d 1181, 1185-86 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2010), appeal denied, 4 A.3d 157 (Pa. 2010). In
Aikens, the appellant had asked his fourteen-year-old daughter (the complainant) to watch a
pornographic movie with him. Id. at 1182-83. The complainant told the appellant that she did
not want to watch the movie and turned her head away. Id. at 1183. The appellant then began
massaging the complainant's shoulders, thighs, buttocks, and genital area. Id. The complainant
got up and went into the bathroom. Id. When she returned, the appellant was touching his
exposed penis. !d. The complainant sat back on the bed and turned her back toward the
appellant. Id. He attempted to unfasten her pants, but she stopped him, and he proceeded to
grope her and grind against her. Id. At trial, the Commonwealth called the appellant's daughter
from another relationship to testify. Id. This witness testified that fifteen years prior to the
subject assault, when she was fifteen years old, she spent the night at the appellant's apartment,
where he watched a pornographic movie and then raped her. !d.
On appeal, the Superior Court noted the "lengthy" time lapse between the subject offense
and the prior act. Id. at 1186. The Court also noted, however, that "remoteness is merely one
factor to be considered in determining admissibility; the importance of the gap in time is
inversely proportional to the similarity between the crimes." Id. Because the abuse "was
perpetrated in an identical manner on victims with identical characteristics in an identical
setting," the remoteness of the prior act "was not determinative of the issue." Id. Furthermore,
the striking similarities in the victims' ages, relationships to the appellant, circumstances of the
7
Circulated 08/19/2014 04:11 PM
contact, and geographical location of the attack, rendered the evidence's probative value greater
than its prejudicial effect. !d.
Here, the alleged assaults against T.B. and R. W. were reported in 1998, almost thirteen
years prior to S.W.'s allegations against Defendant. Weighed against this remoteness between
the "other acts" and subject assaults, however, are a number of the similarities noted by the
Aikens Court. First, the victims' identities were similar: each was an African American, minor
male. Second, the geographic location of the incidents was the same: the assaults took place in
Defendant's home, which had also become the temporary residence ofT.B. and S.W. Third, the
circumstances ofthe alleged contact were the same: each involved anal penetration. Fourth, the
victims shared similar relationships to Defendant: the victims were minor boys who were either
related to Defendant or who were Defendant's godsons, staying with him at times when their
own families required assistance with childcare. It was in this capacity as a trusted caretaker, in
a home where the boys should have felt safe, that Defendant assaulted the victims. Despite these
striking similarities between the prior and subject allegations, the occurrences were nonetheless
distinguishable by the jury, especially because they were presented through the testimony of
three individual complainants. Therefore, the probative value of the evidence outweighed any
risk that the jury would be unable to separate the evidence. See Dillon, 925 A.2d at 141 (court
should consider whether evidence is likely to confuse the issues or mislead the jury).
The trial court also permitted admission of the evidence to establish Defendant's motive
and intent when assaulting S.W. Other acts evidence is admissible to establish a defendant's
state of mind at the time he/she committed the alleged offense(s). See, e.g., Commonwealth v.
Rivera, 828 A.2d 1094, 1101 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2003), appeal denied, 842 A.2d 406 (Pa. 2004).
Here, the Commonwealth charged Defendant with, inter alia, indecent assault, pursuant to 18
8
Circulated 08/19/2014 04:11 PM
Pa.C.S. § 3126. The Commonwealth had the burden of proving that Defendant had indecent
contact with S.W. "for the purpose of arousing sexual desire in the person or the complainant ... "
18 Pa.C.S. § 3126(a). Evidence that Defendant had repeatedly targeted and used other minor
boys under his care or supervision to arouse his "sexual desire" was probative of his intent and
motive when engaging in similar conduct, and for a similar purpose, with S.W.
The prior acts evidence was also admissible to demonstrate Defendant's opportunity to
sexually assault S.W. Through cross-examination, the defense insinuated the unlikelihood that
Defendant would be able to assault S.W. in the small, crowded homes I2 without any ofthe other
residents being placed on notice. N.T., Nov. 28, 2012 at pp. 69-70. Evidence that Defendant
had similarly assaulted other minor boys in his home in the past was relevant to proving that
Defendant did, in fact, have the opportunity to commit the assaults.
Finally, the evidence was admissible to refute any inferences that S.W.'s allegations were
fabricated. See Commonwealth v. Saxton, 532 A.2d 352, 357 (Pa. 1987) ("One exception to the
general prohibition is that the Commonwealth may introduce evidence tending to show prior
offenses if the purpose is to rebut statements which create inferences favorable to the accused")
(internal citation omitted). Through cross-examination, the defense raised a number of
inferences suggesting that the allegations were unfounded. First, the defense questioned
Defendant's son on his impression that S.W. told "a lot" of lies. N.T., Nov. 28, 2012 at pp. 71-
72. Second, the defense questioned why S.W. continued to stay at Defendant's house and failed
to promptly report the assaults until the end of August, 2011, if they had been occurring
repeatedly. Id. at 47-48; 76. Third, the defense questioned the motives of Defendant's son and
12 S. W. testified that he was assaulted at Defendant's first home (at 2617 Federal Street in Philadelphia), and also
when Defendant moved to another home (at 5621 Washington Avenue, Philadelphia). N.T., Nov. 28, 2012 at pp.
27; 45; 67-68.
9
Circulated 08/19/2014 04:11 PM
Defendant's former partner in seeing that the assaults were reported. The defense implied that
Defendant's son may have wanted to assist in fabricating allegations against his father because
he believed his father's homosexual lifestyle was "sinful." [d. at 80. Similarly, the defense
suggested that Defendant's former partner may have been motivated to retaliate against
Defendant because Defendant had been seeing another man. Id. at pp. 110-11. Given that
witness credibility is of the utmost importance in sexual assault cases such as this one, where the
case relies on circumstantial evidence, the court properly found that the probative value of this
"other acts" evidence outweighed its prejudicial effect. 13 See Commonwealth v. Gordon, 673
A.2d 866, 870 (Pa. 1996) (where evidence of sexual assault is uncorroborated, "it is fair to
conclude that the other crimes evidence is necessary for the prosecution of the case").
IV. CONCLUSION
For the reasons above, the court properly admitted the "other acts" evidence, and the
judgment of sentence should be affirmed.
BY THE COURT:
LjlflL~
DONNA M. WOELPPER, J.
13 The court cautioned the jury both after T.B. and R.W.'s testimony, and again during charging, that the "other acts"
evidence was for the limited purpose of showing Defendant's common scheme, plan, or pattern in committing the
assaults, his motive, intent, and opportunity to do so, and to refute any defense that S. W. fabricated the allegations.
N.T .. Nov. 29, 2012 at pp. 186; 202-03; N.T., Nov. 30,2012 at p. 63.
10
Circulated 08/19/2014 04:11 PM
IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
FIRST JUDICIAL DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA
TRIAL DIVISION - CRIMINAL SECTION
COMMONWEALTH OF CP-SI-CR-001201O-2011
PENNSYLVANIA
SUPERIOR COURT
vs. NO. 1088 EDA 2013
ERIC MALOY
PROOF OF SERVICE
(Yi
I hereby certify that I am this F6' day of July, 2013, serving the foregoing Opinion on the
persons indicated below, by first class mail:
Jason C. Kadish, Esquire
Allan J. Sagot & Associates
Suite 1320, Three Parkway
Philadelphia, PA 19102
Hugh Burns, Assistant District Attorney
Chief, Appeals Unit
District Attorney's Office
Three South Penn Square
Philadelphia, P A 19107
Alyso . Walkenstein, Esquire
Law Clerk to the Honorable
Donna M. Woelpper