Com. v. McClure, E. ( 2014 )

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee
v.
EUGENE MCCLURE
Appellant No. 3111 EDA 2013
Appeal from the PCRA Order entered on October 31, 2013
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
Criminal Division at No.: CP-51-CR-1031753-1988
BEFORE: MUNDY, J., OLSON, J., and WECHT, J.
MEMORANDUM BY WECHT, J.: FILED OCTOBER 22, 2014
Eugene McClure challenges the order of October 31, 2013, which
dismissed his third petition for collateral relief under the Post Conviction
Relief Act (“PCRA”), 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9541-46. In his petition, McClure argued
that he was entitled to relief under the United States Supreme Court’s
decision in Missouri v. Frye, 132 S.Ct. 1399 (U.S. 2012), in which the
Court held that defense counsel has a duty to convey to the defendant
potentially favorable plea bargains proposed by the prosecution. The trial
court ruled that Frye did not create a new and retroactive constitutional
right such as would incur the application of an exception to the PCRA’s
jurisdictional time limit, thus concluding that it lacked jurisdiction to grant
McClure relief. We affirm.
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Given the circumstances of this case and the grounds of our
disposition, we need only review the procedural history of this case:
On November 10, 1989, following a jury trial . . ., [McClure] was
convicted of one count of murder of the second degree (18
Pa.C.S. § 2502(b)), one count of criminal conspiracy (18 Pa.C.S.
§ 903), one count of kidnapping (18 Pa.C.S. § 2901), and two
counts of burglary (18 Pa.C.S. § 3502). On March 2, 1990, the
[trial court] imposed the mandatory sentence of life in prison for
the murder charge (18 Pa.C.S. § 1102(a)(1)), to be followed by
an aggregate sentence of 10-20 years[’] imprisonment for the
other charges. [McClure] appealed and the Superior Court
affirmed his judgment of sentence on January 17, 1996.
[McClure] did not file a petition for allocatur to the
[Pennsylvania] Supreme Court. [McClure’s] judgment of
sentence thus became final on February 16, 1996. . . .
On October 1, 1997, [McClure] filed his first pro se petition
pursuant to the [PCRA]. [The PCRA court appointed PCRA
counsel to represent McClure.] On October 2, 2000, pursuant to
Commonwealth v. Finley, 550 A.2d 213 (Pa. Super. 1988)
(en banc), [PCRA counsel] filed a letter stating that there was no
merit to [McClure’s] claims for collateral relief and a motion to
withdraw as counsel. On January 26, 2001, [the PCRA court]
dismissed [McClure’s] petition as untimely and granted counsel’s
motion to withdraw. [McClure] filed an appeal, which was
dismissed for failure to file a brief on August 23, 2001.
On June 16, 2006, [McClure] filed his second PCRA petition. As
it was his second petition, no counsel was appointed. On
November 15, 2007, [the PCRA court] dismissed [McClure’s]
petition as untimely. [McClure] did not appeal the dismissal.
On May 31, 2012, [McClure] filed his third PCRA Petition, styled
as a petition for writ of habeas corpus. The [PCRA court] issued
a Rule 907 Notice of Intent to Dismiss [McClure’s] petition as
untimely on February 5, 2013. On February 22, 2013 [new
counsel was appointed to represent McClure.]1 As a Rule 907
Notice had already been filed, [counsel] filed two Rule 907
Responses, instead of an Amended Petition, on [McClure’s]
behalf. See Response to Notice Pursuant to Pa.R.Crim.P. 907,
4/23/2013, and Amendment to Response to Notice Pursuant to
Pa.R.Crim.P. 907, 5/2/2013. . . . On October 31, 2013, the
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[PCRA court] dismissed [McClure’s] PCRA [petition], styled as a
habeas petition, as untimely.
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1
While an indigent PCRA litigant is typically only entitled
to court-appointed counsel on his first PCRA,
see Pa.R.Crim.P. 904(C), [McClure] raised in this, his third
petition, a claim pertaining to a recently-decided United
States Supreme Court case, Frye, 132 S.Ct. 1399. The
Post-Trial Unit of this Court therefore appointed counsel for
[McClure] in order to investigate the merits of this claim.
See Pa.R.Crim.P. 904(E) (authorizing appointment of
counsel for any indigent defendant on a PCRA petition
“whenever the interests of justice require it”).
PCRA Court Opinion (“P.C.O.”), 2/19/2014, at 1-2 (citations modified;
footnote omitted).
On November 8, 2013, McClure filed a counseled notice of appeal from
the PCRA court’s dismissal of his PCRA petition. On November 12, 2013, the
PCRA court issued an order directing McClure to file a concise statement of
errors complained of on appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b). McClure filed
his Rule 1925(b) statement on November 15, 2013. On February 19, 2014,
the PCRA court issued the above-excerpted Rule 1925(a) opinion.
Before this Court, McClure raises one issue: “Did the PCRA court err
when it dismissed [McClure’s] PCRA petition without a hearing . . . since
[McClure] is entitled to relief pursuant to [Frye] . . . .?” Brief for McClure
at 4. We agree with the PCRA court that McClure invokes Frye in vain under
the circumstances of this case.
Our standard of review on appeal from an order denying a PCRA
petition is whether the determination of the PCRA court is supported by the
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evidence of record and is free of legal error. See Commonwealth v.
Ragan, 923 A.2d 1169, 1170 (Pa. 2007). The PCRA court’s findings will not
be disturbed unless there is no support for the findings in the certified
record. See Commonwealth v. Carr, 768 A.2d 1164, 1166 (Pa.
Super. 2001). However, before we may review the PCRA court’s decision
substantively, we must confirm our jurisdiction to consider McClure’s
petition.
It is well-established that the PCRA time limits are jurisdictional, and
must be strictly construed, regardless of the potential merit of the claims
asserted. Commonwealth v. Leggett, 16 A.3d 1144, 1145 (Pa. Super.
2011). Courts may not disregard or alter these filing requirements in order
to reach the merits of the claims raised in a PCRA petition that is untimely
filed. Commonwealth v. Gamboa-Taylor, 753 A.2d 780, 783 (Pa. 2000).
Despite facial untimeliness, a tardy PCRA petition nonetheless will be
considered timely if (but only if) the petitioner pleads and proves the
application of one or more of the exceptions to the one-year time limit
enumerated in subsection 9545(b)(1) of the PCRA. McClure seeks to
establish only one exception, which the PCRA defines as follows:
(1) Any petition under this subchapter, including a second or
subsequent petition, shall be filed within one year of the date the
judgment becomes final, unless the petition alleges and the
petitioner proves that:
****
(iii) the right asserted is a constitutional right that
was recognized by the Supreme Court of the United States
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or the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania after the time period
provided in this section and has been held by that court to
apply retroactively.
(2) Any petition invoking an exception provided in
paragraph (1) shall be filed within 60 days of the date the claim
could have been presented.
42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b).
Because McClure undisputedly filed his petition within sixty days of the
Supreme Court’s publication of Frye, the two jurisdictional questions at
issue in this case are whether the Court’s decision in Frye recognized a new
rule of constitutional import, and whether that rule has been held by the
Court to apply retroactively. The trial court determined correctly that the
answer to both questions is no.
McClure’s argument effectively ends before it begins. In McClure’s
brief, he admits that this Court already has held that Frye did not establish
the sort of “new” and retroactive constitutional right that qualifies for the
timeliness exception set forth in subsection 9545(b)(1)(iii). See Brief for
McClure at 12-13 (discussing Commonwealth v. Feliciano, 69 A.3d 1270(Pa. Super. 2013)). However, he insists that “[t]he Superior Court’s
decision in Feliciano was wrongly decided. . . . Frye created a new
constitutional right in the context of the plea negotiation process.” Id. at 12
(citing Rishi Batra, Lafler and Frye: A New Constitutional Standard for
Negotiation, 14 Cardozo J. of Conflict. Res. 309 (2013)).
What McClure declines to face squarely is the time-honored principle
that, for as long as one of this Court’s decisions has not been overturned by
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our Supreme Court, that decision continues to bind this Court. Marks v.
N’wide Ins. Co., 762 A.2d 1098, 1101 (Pa. Super. 2000) (citing Sorber v.
Amer. Motorists Ins. Co., 680 A.2d 881, 882 (Pa. Super. 1996)). But see
Freed v. Geisinger Med. Ctr., 971 A.2d 1202, 1212 (Pa. 2009) (“[T]he
doctrine of stare decisis is not a vehicle for perpetuating error, but rather a
legal concept which responds to the demands of justice and, thus, permits
the orderly process of the law to flourish. We should not follow a governing
decision that is unworkable.” (ellipsis and internal quotation marks
omitted)). While McClure makes some effort to establish that Feliciano was
wrongly decided, see Brief for McClure at 12-13, his argument is
unconvincing. Moreover, we reaffirmed our holding in Feliciano in
Commonwealth v. Hernandez, 79 A.3d 649 (Pa. Super. 2013), which
again rejected the Frye timeliness argument.
Put simply, there is nothing to distinguish McClure’s argument that he
should be entitled to the benefit of the “new retroactive constitutional right”
exception to the PCRA’s time bar from the parallel arguments raised in
Feliciano and Hernandez, which this Court rejected. We can discern no
basis upon which to deviate from our commitment to honor stare decisis by
departing from this Court’s earlier rulings on the question presented in the
instant case. Our rulings in Feliciano and Hernandez are supported amply
by prior precedent. Consequently, we do not find that either decision is
clearly erroneous or unworkable.
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It is beyond cavil, and undisputed, that the instant PCRA petition was
facially untimely. Moreover, it is recognized by all parties and the PCRA
court that the sole exception invoked by McClure is the “new retroactive
constitutional right” exception embodied in PCRA subsection 9545(b)(1)(iii).
Our binding decisions in Feliciano and Hernandez establish beyond any
reasonable dispute that Frye did not establish the sort of new and
retroactive right to which subsection 9545(b)(1)(iii) applies; this conclusion
will bind this Court unless and until it is modified or overturned by a higher
court or this Court sitting en banc. Thus, the trial court did not err or abuse
its discretion in determining that it lacked jurisdiction and dismissing
McClure’s PCRA petition without a hearing.
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 10/22/2014
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