Com. v. Duncan, H., Jr. ( 2017 )

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Appellant
v.
HORACE DUNCAN, JR.,
Appellee No. 1645 MDA 2016
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence August 19, 2016
In the Court of Common Pleas of York County
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-67-CR-0000665-2016
BEFORE: SHOGAN, MOULTON, and PLATT,* JJ.
MEMORANDUM BY SHOGAN, J.: FILED JUNE 05, 2017
Appellant, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, appeals from the
judgment of sentence entered on August 19, 2016, against Appellee, Horace
Duncan, Jr. After careful review, we vacate Appellee’s judgment of sentence
and remand for resentencing.
Appellee is a convicted Tier Three sex offender. 42 Pa.C.S. §
9799.14(d). As a result of prior convictions for committing numerous sexual
offenses,1 Appellee is required to comply with sex offender registration. 42
____________________________________________
*
Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
1
In connection with an attack on his minor daughter in 2001, Appellee was
found guilty at York County criminal docket number CP-67-CR-0003626-
2000 of sexual assault, statutory sexual assault, incest, aggravated indecent
assault, indecent assault, and corruption of a minor. 18 Pa.C.S. §§ 3122.1;
(Footnote Continued Next Page)
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Pa.C.S. §§ 9799.10-9799.41 On December 17, 2015, Appellee was charged
with failing to register his vehicle with the Pennsylvania State Police as
required by 42 Pa.C.S. § 9799.15(g)(6). Because Appellee is a sex offender,
his failure to register the vehicle is a criminal offense under 18 Pa.C.S. §
4915.1.
Following a bench trial on August 19, 2016, the trial court found
Appellee guilty of 18 Pa.C.S. § 4915.1. N.T., 8/19/16, at 63. The trial court
then sentenced Appellee to a term of six to twenty-three months of
incarceration.2 The Commonwealth filed a post-sentence motion alleging
that the sentence was too lenient and that the trial court failed to provide its
reasoning for its departure from the Sentencing Guidelines. Post-Sentence
Motion, 8/26/16, at unnumbered 1-3. Following a hearing, the trial court
denied the Commonwealth’s motion on September 27, 2016. This timely
appeal followed. Both the Commonwealth and the trial court have complied
with Pa.R.A.P. 1925.
On appeal, the Commonwealth presents one issue for this Court’s
consideration:
_______________________
(Footnote Continued)
3124.1; 4302; 3125; and 6301(a)(1) respectively. Commonwealth v.
Duncan, 359 MDA 2004, 869 A.2d 6 (Pa. Super. filed December 30, 2004)
(unpublished memorandum), appeal denied, 81 MAL 2005, 880 A.2d 1236(Pa. 2005).
2
When Appellee was arrested, he was on probation from an earlier
conviction for failing to register. N.T., 9/27/16, at 2.
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1. Whether the trial court abused its discretion in sentencing
[Appellee] to a below-mitigated range sentence where the trial
court did not fully state its reasoning for its departure from the
standard and mitigated guideline ranges at the time of
sentencing as to be compliant with 42 Pa. C.S. §9721(b), where
the trial court’s rationale did not justify and support the imposed
sentence, and where departure from the standard guideline
range was not supported by the facts of record.
Commonwealth’s Brief at 4.
The Commonwealth has challenged the discretionary aspects of
Appellee’s sentence; a challenge to the discretionary aspects of sentencing is
not automatically reviewable as a matter of right. Commonwealth v.
Popielarcheck, 151 A.3d 1088, 1093 (Pa. Super. 2016) (citing
Commonwealth v. Phillips, 946 A.2d 103, 112 (Pa. Super. 2008)). Before
we may address the merits of the Commonwealth’s challenge, we conduct a
four-part analysis to determine:
(1) whether appellant has filed a timely notice of appeal; (2)
whether the issue was properly preserved at sentencing or in a
motion to reconsider and modify sentence; (3) whether
appellant’s brief has a fatal defect; and (4) whether there is a
substantial question that the sentence appealed from is not
appropriate under the Sentencing Code.
When appealing the discretionary aspects of a sentence, an
appellant must invoke the appellate court’s jurisdiction by
including in his brief a separate concise statement demonstrating
that there is a substantial question as to the appropriateness of
the sentence under the Sentencing Code ....
Popielarcheck, 151 A.3d at 1093 (citations omitted).
Here, the Commonwealth filed a timely notice of appeal, preserved its
sentencing issue in its post-sentence motion, and included a Pa.R.A.P.
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2119(f) statement in its brief on appeal. Commonwealth’s Brief at 8-9. We
must now determine whether the Commonwealth has presented a
substantial question for review.
The determination of what constitutes a substantial question
must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. A substantial
question exists only when the appellant advances a colorable
argument that the sentencing judge’s actions were either: (1)
inconsistent with a specific provision of the Sentencing Code; or
(2) contrary to the fundamental norms which underlie the
sentencing process.
Popielarcheck, 151 A.3d at 1093 (citation omitted).
The Commonwealth argues that the trial court imposed an excessively
lenient sentence and failed to provide its rationale for departing from the
Sentencing Guidelines. Commonwealth’s Brief at 8-9, 11. This Court has
held that such a claim presents a substantial question. Commonwealth v.
Wilson, 946 A.2d 767, 770 n.6 (Pa. Super. 2008); Commonwealth v.
Kenner, 784 A.2d 808, 811 (Pa. Super. 2001).
It is undisputed that sentencing is a matter vested in the sound
discretion of the sentencing judge, and a sentence will not be disturbed on
appeal absent a manifest abuse of discretion. Commonwealth v. Fullin,
892 A.2d 843, 847 (Pa. Super. 2006). In this context, an abuse of
discretion is not shown merely by an error in judgment. Id. Rather, the
appellant must establish, by reference to the record, that the sentencing
court ignored or misapplied the law, exercised its judgment for reasons of
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partiality, prejudice, bias, or ill will, or arrived at a manifestly unreasonable
decision. Id.As this was Appellee’s second violation of 18 Pa.C.S. § 4915.1, the
crime is graded as a felony of the first degree, the offense gravity score is
ten, and the prior record score is in the repeat violent offender category
(“REVOC”). 204 Pa.Code § 303.15. The Sentencing Guidelines provide a
standard-range minimum sentence of 120 months, plus or minus twelve
months. Id.; 204 Pa.Code § 303.16. Thus, pursuant to the Sentencing
Guidelines, a standard-range sentence would have been ten to twenty years
of incarceration. 204 Pa.Code § 303.16. As noted, the trial court imposed a
sentence of six to twenty-three months of incarceration.
A sentencing court is permitted to deviate from the Sentencing
Guidelines because, as guidelines, they are advisory. Commonwealth v.
Walls, 926 A.2d 957 (Pa. 2007). When a sentencing court imposes a
sentence outside of the Guidelines, it “must place on the record its reasons
for the deviation.” Commonwealth v. Garcia-Rivera, 983 A.2d 777, 780
(Pa. Super. 2009).
Moreover:
[i]n Commonwealth v. Walls, 592 Pa. 557, 926 A.2d 957(2007), our Supreme Court observed that the parameters of this
Court’s review of the discretionary aspects of a sentence is
confined by the dictates of 42 Pa.C.S. § 9781(c) and (d). Section
9781(c) states in relevant part that we may “vacate the
sentence and remand the case to the sentencing court with
instructions” if we find that “the sentencing court sentenced
outside the sentencing guidelines and the sentence is
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unreasonable.” 42 Pa.C.S. § 9781(c)(3). Section 9781(d)
provides that when reviewing a sentence, we must consider:
(1) The nature and circumstances of the offense and
the history and characteristics of the defendant.
(2) The opportunity of the sentencing court to
observe the defendant, including any presentence
investigation.
(3) The findings upon which the sentence was based.
(4) The guidelines promulgated by the commission.
42 Pa.C.S. § 9781(d).
The Walls Court noted that the term “unreasonable”
generally means a decision that is either irrational or not guided
by sound judgment. It held that a sentence can be defined as
unreasonable either upon review of the four elements contained
in § 9781(d) or if the sentencing court failed to take into account
the factors outlined in 42 Pa.C.S. § 9721(b).1
1
Section 9721(b) states in pertinent part:
The court shall follow the general
principle that the sentence imposed
should call for confinement that is
consistent with the protection of the
public, the gravity of the offense as it
relates to the impact on the life of the
victim and on the community, and the
rehabilitative needs of the defendant.
The court shall also consider any
guidelines for sentencing adopted by the
Pennsylvania Commission on Sentencing.
Commonwealth v. Daniel, 30 A.3d 494, 497 (Pa. Super. 2011).
At Appellee’s sentencing hearing the trial court stated as follows:
THE COURT: All right. In this case, the Court having found
[Appellee] guilty of Count 1, we note, as counsel for the
Commonwealth has pointed out, this is not [Appellee’s] first
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transgression with regard to registration requirements. In fact,
he was on supervision at the time that this offense occurred for
failing to verify his address in other registration violations.
That having been said, [Appellee] has been reporting on a
regular basis, even quarterly when he has been required to do
so.
Even though the listing of the 2007 Chevy Impala has
basically worked against him in this case, it does show that he is
at least cognizant of an obligation to register vehicles that he
does not own but does have access to.
[Appellee] has, other than this, remained free of any other
violations. However, as we said, it is not his first run-in with
regard to violations of registration requirements. Accordingly,
we believe that a sentence below the guidelines is
appropriate considering the circumstances of this
particular case and given the fact that [Appellee] has not
committed any new criminal violations other than failure
to register.
Accordingly, on Count 1, failure to register, we hereby
sentence [Appellee] to a term of imprisonment in the York
County Prison of not less than 6 months nor more than 23
months. The sentence will be consecutive with any sentence that
he is serving as a result of his violation -- actually, the sentence
will be partially concurrent with any sentence that he is serving
with his violation.
N.T., 8/19/16, at 67-68 (emphasis added). Thus, the only rationale the trial
court provided for imposing a sentence outside of the Guidelines is the
language emphasized above.
After review, we conclude that the trial imposed an unreasonable
sentence due to its failure to duly consider 42 Pa.C.S. § 9781(d), 42 Pa.C.S.
§ 9721(b), and provide its rationale for the sentence imposed. Rather, it
appears that the trial court ordered a minimum sentence that was twenty
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times less than that recommended by the Guidelines simply because the
court concluded Appellee had not committed any new crimes other than the
crime of failing to register. As stated above, Appellee is a repeat violent
felony offender, and the absence of an explanation as to what led the trial
court to deviate so greatly from the Guidelines constitutes an unreasonable
sentence and an abuse of discretion. Walls, 926 A.2d at 964. Accordingly,
we vacate the judgment of sentence and remand for resentencing consistent
with this Memorandum. At resentencing, the trial court is directed to place
on the record its recognition of the Sentencing Guidelines, its consideration
of the factors enumerated in 42 Pa.C.S. § 9781(d) and 42 Pa.C.S. §
9721(b), and provide an adequate rationale for any departure from the
Sentencing Guidelines.
Judgment of sentence vacated. Case remanded for resentencing.
Jurisdiction relinquished.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 6/5/2017
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