Com. v. Nguyen, P. ( 2022 )

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
PHU D. NGUYEN :
:
Appellant : No. 2285 EDA 2021
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered October 7, 2021
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-0704102-1997
BEFORE: BOWES, J., McCAFFERY, J., and SULLIVAN, J.
MEMORANDUM BY SULLIVAN, J.: FILED DECEMBER 28, 2022
Phu D. Nguyen (“Nguyen”) appeals from the order dismissing his
untimely serial petition for relief filed pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief
Act (“PCRA”).1 We affirm.
The PCRA court summarized the factual and procedural history of this
case as follows:
On August 4, 1995, [Nguyen], with four co-defendants,
conspired to rob a massage parlor. [Nguyen], acting as a “look
out,” aided his co-conspirators in fatally shooting a security
guard[] and robbing several of the parlor’s employees and
customers.
[In] May [] 1997, . . . Nguyen[] was arrested and charged
with [m]urder and related offenses. [In] March [] 1999, a jury
convicted [Nguyen] of [s]econd-[d]egree [m]urder, [c]onspiracy,
and four counts of [r]obbery. [The trial court] sentenced [Nguyen
on the date of his verdict] to life imprisonment without the
possibility of parole for [s]econd-[d]egree [m]urder. Further
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1 See 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546.
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sentencing was deferred until April [] 1999, when [the court]
imposed concurrent terms of ten to twenty years of imprisonment
for [c]onspiracy[] and five to ten years of imprisonment for each
count of [r]obbery.
[Nguyen] appealed[,] and . . . the [Pennsylvania] Superior
Court affirmed his judgment of sentence. On April 22, 2003, the
[Pennsylvania] Supreme Court denied [Nguyen’s] [p]etition for
[a]llowance of [a]ppeal. [In] July [] 2015, [Nguyen] filed a pro
se [PCRA] . . . petition, his first. [In] March [] 2017, th[e PCRA
c]ourt dismissed the petition. [Nguyen] did not appeal.
PCRA Court Opinion, 10/7/21, at 1-2 (footnote omitted; paragraphs re-
ordered for clarity). Nguyen filed several subsequent PCRA petitions in
February 2018, June 2019, and October 2019, each of which the PCRA court
dismissed. See id. at 1-2.
On September 10, 2020, Nguyen filed his next serial PCRA petition in
which he asserted:
Petitioner contends that on March 30, 2020, he first
learned of the previous Administration in the Philadelphia District
Attorney’s Office ethical credibility issues on February 19, 2019,
when an investigation by the Philadelphia Inquire [sic] revealed
that “this is a pattern we’re seeing of old cases, where prosecutors
weren’t attuned to their constitutional and ethical disclosure
responsibility as they are now.” . . . Petitioner contends that he
first learned of Officers David Baker and Thomas Augustine’s
credibility issues on February 13, 2018, when an investigation
by the Philadelphia Inquire [sic] revealed that Officers Baker and
Augustine was [sic] on the Commonwealth’s “do not call” list.
PCRA Petition, 9/10/20, at ¶ 3 (emphasis added). The PCRA court dismissed
Nguyen’s petition on November 19, 2020.
On August 19, 2021, Nguyen filed his present PCRA petition. On August
30, 2021, the PCRA court issued its notice of intent to dismiss pursuant to
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Pennsylvania Rule of Criminal Procedure 907. Nguyen did not respond to the
court’s Rule 907 Notice. The PCRA court dismissed Nguyen’s petition on
October 7, 2021. See Order, 10/7/21. Nguyen timely appealed. The PCRA
court did not order Nguyen to file a concise statement of errors complained of
on appeal pursuant to Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure 1925(b).
Nguyen raises the following issue for our review: “Whether the PCRA
court erred in dismissing [Nguyen’s] petition . . . without a hearing [based]
on the now-overruled public record presumption[,] and whether [Nguyen]
qualified for an exception to the time requirements in 42 Pa.C.S.[A.]
§ 9545(b)(1)(i) and (ii), and [the] witness’s credibility was relevant ?”
Nguyen’s Brief at 2.
Our standard of review is well-settled:
Our review of a PCRA court’s decision is limited to examining
whether the PCRA court’s findings of fact are supported by the
record, and whether its conclusions of law are free from legal
error. We view the record in the light most favorable to the
prevailing party in the PCRA Court. We are bound by any
credibility determinations made by the PCRA court where they are
supported by the record. However, we review the PCRA court’s
legal conclusions de novo.
Commonwealth v. Staton, 184 A.3d 949, 954 (Pa. 2018) (internal citation
and quotations omitted).
Under the PCRA, any petition “including a second or subsequent petition,
shall be filed within one year of the date the judgment becomes final[.]” 42
Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1). A judgment of sentence becomes final “at the
conclusion of direct review, including discretionary review in the Supreme
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Court of the United States and the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, or at the
expiration of time for seeking the review.” 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(3). The
PCRA’s timeliness requirements are jurisdictional in nature, and a court may
not address the merits of the issues raised if the PCRA petition was not timely
filed. See Commonwealth v. Albrecht, 994 A.2d 1091, 1093 (Pa. 2010).
As noted above, our Supreme Court denied Nguyen’s petition for
allowance of appeal on April 22, 2003; therefore, his judgment of sentence
became final after the ninety-day period for appeal to the United States
Supreme Court expired, i.e., on July 21, 2003. See 42 Pa.C.S.A.
§ 9545(b)(3); see also Commonwealth v. Bankhead, 217 A.3d 1245, 1247
(Pa. Super. 2019); U.S. Sup. Ct. R. 13.1. Nguyen’s present petition, filed
August 19, 2021, is facially untimely.
Pennsylvania courts may consider an untimely PCRA petition if the
petitioner can plead and prove one of three exceptions set forth in section
9545(b)(1)(i)-(iii). See Commonwealth v. Taylor, 65 A.3d 462, 468 (Pa.
Super. 2013) (providing that a PCRA court must dismiss an untimely petition
if no exception is pleaded and proven).
Section 9545(b)(1)(i) provides an exception to the jurisdictional time-
bar if a petitioner pleads and proves that “the failure to raise the claim
previously was the result of interference by government officials with the
presentation of the claim in violation of the Constitution or laws of this
Commonwealth or the Constitution or laws of the United States[.]” 42
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Pa.C.S.A. § 9545 (b)(1)(i). Section 9545(b)(1)(ii) provides an exception to
the PCRA’s timeliness requirement if “the facts upon which the claim is
predicated were unknown to the petitioner and could not have been
ascertained by the exercise of due diligence[.]” 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1)(ii).
The focus of this exception is on newly discovered facts, not on a newly
discovered or newly willing source for previously known facts. See
Commonwealth v. Lopez, 249 A.3d 993, 1000 (Pa. 2021). A “newly
identified source in further support for . . . previously known facts” is
insufficient to satisfy section 9545(b)(1)(ii). Id. at 1000.
Any PCRA petition invoking one of the timeliness exceptions in section
9545(b)(1) “shall be filed within one year of the date the claim could have
been presented.” 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(2); see also Commonwealth v.
Williamson, 21 A.3d 236, 242 (Pa. Super. 2011) (holding that “a petitioner
invoking section 9545(b)(1)[] must still comply with section 9545(b)(2)
by presenting the claim within [one year] of discovering the new fact”)
(internal citations omitted, emphasis in original). If the petition is untimely
and the petitioner has not pleaded and proven a timeliness exception, the
petition must be dismissed without a hearing because Pennsylvania courts are
without jurisdiction to consider the merits of the petition. See Taylor, 65
A.3d at 468.
Nguyen contends the PCRA court erred in dismissing his untimely
petition because, he maintains, he properly pleaded the governmental
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interference and newly discovered facts exceptions under 42 Pa.C.S.A.
§ 9545(b)(1)(i), (ii). The gravamen of Nguyen’s issue is his assertion that he
discovered “additional evidence” undermining Officer Baker’s credibility which
he contends are “newly discovered facts.” Nguyen’s Brief at 2. Nguyen argues
that Officer Baker—whose testimony Nguyen argues “was critical to the
Commonwealth’s case”—had “credibility issues,” as reflected by an
investigative report by the Philadelphia Inquirer that “revealed that Officer
Baker was on the Commonwealth’s ‘do not call’ list.” Nguyen’s Brief at 2, 9.
Nguyen alleges he only discovered the Philadelphia Inquirer article on May 7,
2021. See id. at 3. Nguyen further argues that he learned in June 2021 that
the Commonwealth, via the Philadelphia County District Attorney’s Office
Conviction Integrity Unit (“CIU”) has conceded in a press report that Officer
Baker had “credibility issues.” See id. at 3-4. Nguyen maintains that these
allegations satisfy the governmental interference and newly discovered facts
exceptions to the PCRA’s timeliness requirement pursuant to section
9545(b)(1)(i), (ii).
The PCRA court considered Nguyen’s arguments and concluded they
lack merit:
The two documents that [Nguyen] attaches to his petition
detail a history of wrongful convictions, which stemmed from
abuses in both the Philadelphia Police Department and the
Philadelphia District Attorney’s Office. These documents, while
new, do not contain newly-discovered facts; instead, they are a
new source of previously known facts. The litany of law
enforcement officials who have abused their authority, or in some
cases committed criminal acts, have been well documented and
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publicized. [Nguyen] has even included newspaper articles
detailing these abuses in his previous PCRA petitions.
[Nguyen’s] article and the [Conviction Integrity Unit] report
appended to the instant petition do not contain newly-discovered
facts and therefore the instant petition is untimely. Th[e PCRA
c]ourt is without jurisdiction to address the merits of the instant
claim.
PCRA Court Opinion, 10/7/21, at 5 (emphasis added).
Following our review, we discern no error by the PCRA court. We first
note that although Nguyen cites the governmental interference and newly
discovered facts exceptions to the PCRA’s timeliness requirement, Nguyen’s
argument hinges solely on his asserted “newly discovered facts” regarding
Officer Baker’s credibility. See Nguyen’s Brief at 2, 7-9. Nguyen fails to
explain how his failure to raise this claim previously was the result of
interference by government officials with the presentation of the claim in
violation of the Constitution or laws of this Commonwealth or the Constitution
or laws of the United States, and, accordingly, his governmental interference
issue is undeveloped and thereby waived. See, e.g., Commonwealth v.
Kennedy, 266 A.3d 1128, 1135 (Pa. Super. 2021) (noting that pursuant to
section 9545(b)(1)(i), “In order to establish the governmental interference
exception, a petitioner must plead and prove: (1) the failure to previously
raise the claim was the result of interference by government officials, and (2)
the petitioner could not have obtained the information earlier with the exercise
of due diligence”); see also Commonwealth v. McMullen, 745 A.2d 683,
689 (Pa. Super. 2000) (holding that “[w]hen the appellant fails to adequately
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develop his argument, meaningful appellate review is not possible”) (internal
citation and quotations omitted).
Germane to Nguyen’s assertion of the newly discovered facts exception
pursuant to section 9545(b)(1)(ii): Nguyen alleges he only learned of Officer
Baker’s “credibility” issues following a May 7, 2021 newspaper report and
subsequent press release by the CIU. See Nguyen’s Brief at 3. The PCRA
court, however, observed that the record contradicts Nguyen’s allegations
because he demonstrated in his prior PCRA petition that he knew these facts
earlier. See PCRA Court Opinion, 10/7/21, at 5. Our review of the record
reveals that Nguyen raised the issue of Officer’s Baker’s credibility and his
placement on the Commonwealth’s “do not call” list in his prior September 10,
2020 PCRA petition. Further, in that September 2020 petition, Nguyen
provided three dates on which he learned these facts: February 13, 2018,
February 19, 2019, and March 30, 2020. See PCRA Petition, 9/10/20, at ¶ 3.
Nguyen has thus previously raised the issue of Officer Baker’s credibility and
his placement on a “do not call list” in his prior untimely petition. Accordingly,
he cannot satisfy the newly discovered facts exception to the PCRA’s
jurisdictional time-bar. Cf. 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1)(ii) (requiring the
petitioner to show that the facts on which the claim is predicated were
unknown); Lopez, 249 A.3d at 1000 (stating that a “newly identified source
in further support for . . . previously known facts” is insufficient to satisfy
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section 9545(b)(1)(ii)”).2 Thus, Nguyen failed to plead an exception to the
PCRA’s timeliness requirement,3 and, therefore, the PCRA court’s findings are
thus supported by the record, and the court committed no error in dismissing
his untimely petition for lack of jurisdiction.
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 12/28/2022
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2 We observe that Nguyen argues the PCRA court erred in dismissing his
petition in light of our Supreme Court’s decision in Commonwealth v. Small,
238 A.3d 1267, 1271, 1282, 1284 (Pa. 2020), in which the Court disavowed
the “public records presumption,” under which PCRA courts could presume
that petitioners know facts of public record. See Nguyen’s Brief at 8-9. Since
we conclude Nguyen had actual prior knowledge of the facts asserted in his
latest PCRA petition, he has accordingly failed to show his claim is predicated
on a newly discovered fact. Therefore, his arguments premised on Small are
not relevant to our disposition.
3 We further note that, even if Nguyen had not waived his governmental
interference issue, he could not satisfy this exception because section
9545(b)(1)(i) requires the petitioner to show “the failure to raise the claim
previously was the result of interference by governmental officials with the
presentation of the claim . . ..” (emphasis added), yet Nguyen has previously
raised the issue of Officer Baker’s credibility and placement on a “do not call
list.”
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