Newby, D. v. Newby, D. ( 2014 )


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  • J-A26009-14
    NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
    DANA L. NEWBY,                                IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
    PENNSYLVANIA
    Appellee
    v.
    DAVID D. NEWBY,
    Appellant                 No. 427 MDA 2014
    Appeal from the Order Entered February 27, 2014
    In the Court of Common Pleas of York County
    Civil Division at No(s): 2012-FC-847-15
    BEFORE: BOWES, MUNDY, and JENKINS, JJ.
    MEMORANDUM BY BOWES, J.:                        FILED OCTOBER 15, 2014
    David D. Newby (“Husband”) appeals from the February 27, 2014
    order denying his petition seeking enforcement of a marriage settlement
    agreement (“MSA”). Specifically, he asked the court to order Dana L. Newby
    (“Wife”) to pay him his one-half share of the equity in the marital home.
    After review, we reverse and remand for proceedings consistent herewith.
    The following facts are relevant to our disposition. The parties entered
    into an MSA dated and effective November 8, 2011.                The parties
    subsequently divorced on January 20, 2012, but the MSA did not merge into
    the decree.    Article 1 § 1.01(a) of the MSA governed the couple’s marital
    home, and provided in pertinent part:
    (a)      107 Meadow Hill Drive, Windsor Township, York County,
    Pennsylvania
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    (i) VALUATION: At the time this Agreement was
    prepared, David and Dana believed that the fair
    market value of this real property and residence was
    equal to or less than the principle (sic) balance of
    their mortgage and home equity loan. David and
    Dana elected not to have the value of this real
    property and residence determined at the time this
    Agreement was prepared. Instead, the value of this
    real property and residence shall be determined by
    sale or appraisal at a later time.         Pending the
    distribution of this real property and residence as set
    forth below, neither David nor Dana shall do or allow
    anything that would reduce the fair market value of
    this real property and residence.
    (ii) OWNERSHIP: David and Dana owned this real
    property and residence at the time this Agreement
    was signed. Neither Dana nor David shall transfer
    any interest in this real property and residence other
    than through the distribution or alternate distribution
    described below.
    ....
    (v) DISTRIBUTION: David and Dana share a goal of
    holding this real property and residence for a period
    of about two years while they pay down their
    mortgage and home equity loans (and hope that
    market conditions increase the value of their home)
    to a point where this real property and residence
    may be sold without incurring a significant financial
    loss. Exactly two years after David and Dana sign
    this Agreement (sooner if both David and Dana
    agree) this real property and residence shall be listed
    for sale with a Realtor. It shall remain listed for sale
    through a Realtor until sold. The marketing goal
    shall be a prompt sale for an amount sufficient to
    pay all expenses of sale. Any and all net proceeds of
    sale, and any escrow refunds, shall be distributed
    promptly between David and Dana in equal shares.
    Any closing costs, short sale fees, and sums required
    to be paid at time of settlement to complete sale and
    transfer marketable title shall be paid promptly by
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    David and Dana in equal shares—however under no
    circumstances shall this real property and residence
    be listed or sold for an amount that would require
    either David or Dana to pay more than five thousand
    dollars ($5,000) out of pocket to complete the sale
    (the only exception being if either Dana or David
    expressly agrees to pay more than this amount in
    order to obtain a prompt sale).
    (vi) ALTERNATE DISTRIBUTION: After the two year
    “holding period” mentioned in the preceding
    subsection of this agreement, Dana or David may
    “buy out” the other’s interest. The buyout amount
    shall be one-half of the equity (appraised value at
    that time minus remaining balance of the mortgage
    and home equity loans at that time). The expense
    of the appraisal shall be paid by whomever is
    buying-out the other person’s share. The buyout
    payment shall be paid no later than ninety (90)
    days after notice of intention to buy out the other’s
    interest is given.       After receiving the buyout
    payment, the person whose interest is being bought
    out shall vacate this real property and residence
    within thirty (30) days of payment or sixty (60)
    days of notice of buyout (whichever is more). The
    deed to this real property and residence shall be
    transferred to the person who is buying-out the
    other’s interest, but not until the person whose
    interest is being bought out is completely removed
    from all legal liability on the mortgage and home
    equity loans. Additionally, the person who buys out
    the other’s interest in the home shall promptly pay
    the other a portion of any excess proceeds of sale of
    this real property and residence as follows:
    1. If this real property and residence is
    sold within one year of the buyout
    payment mentioned above, fifty percent
    (50%) of any portion of net proceeds
    from sale that exceed the equity per
    appraisal mentioned above.
    ....
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    Marital Settlement Agreement, 11/8/11, at 2-5. The MSA also provided that
    the agreement could be modified only in a writing signed and acknowledged
    by the parties before a notary public and that the agreement was not subject
    to modification by the court. Id. at § 6.03(a) and (b).
    The following facts were developed at the February 6, 2014 hearing on
    Husband’s petition seeking specific enforcement of the MSA’s provisions
    regarding the parties’ marital home. The parties continued to reside in the
    marital home and share the expenses even after the divorce decree was
    entered.   In February or March of 2013, they discussed the sale of the
    house, or alternatively, one staying in the house and buying out the other.
    Husband told Wife that a real estate agent whom he consulted estimated
    that their home would sell for a price between $209,000 and $220,000, and
    that they likely would have to pay up to $10,000 in closing costs.     When
    Husband subsequently advised Wife that he did not want to stay in the
    house, Wife sought refinancing in her name alone. The house appraised at
    $300,000, a fact that Wife did not communicate to Husband. The mortgage
    payoff was $214,203.35.
    At settlement on April 24, 2013, Wife paid off the existing liens on the
    property with the proceeds of a new loan for $201,465, and $20,756.65 in
    cash, most of which she obtained from her parents. Husband executed the
    deed transferring his one-half interest in the marital home to Wife.    That
    night, Husband asked Wife for his share of the equity in the house. Wife told
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    him he would not be getting anything since he decided to abandon the
    property. Husband subsequently moved out of the property in June 2013,
    and sought specific enforcement of the MSA in January 2014.
    At the hearing, Wife introduced the settlement sheet, the signed deed,
    and a second appraisal of the marital home dated January 2014,
    retrospectively valuing the property as of March 2013 at $255,000. It was
    her position that, although there was equity in the property, Husband was
    entitled to nothing.   Alternatively, if the court were to determine that she
    owed him half the equity in the home, the amount should be based on the
    second estimate of $255,000, rather than the bank’s appraisal of $300,000.
    The trial court credited Wife’s testimony and concluded, “Husband
    waived or relinquished the right to now compel Wife to buy out his interest
    in the marital residence based on the bank refinancing appraisal. If Husband
    thought he was due money pursuant to the MSA because Wife got an
    appraisal to refinance, he could have voiced his claim. He did not have to
    sign the deed as he did.” Trial Court Opinion, 4/30/14, at 7. Furthermore,
    the court found that there was nothing to gain from the settlement as Wife
    was required to contribute an additional $20,000 in cash to refinance the
    home.
    Husband timely appeals and presents three questions for our review:
    1. Did the trial court err as a matter of law and abuse its
    discretion in determining that Appellant (hereinafter
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    “Husband”) waived his right to payment of one-half of the
    equity in the marital real estate?
    2. Did the trial court err as a matter of law and abuse its
    discretion by modifying the terms of the parties’ marital
    settlement agreement?
    3. Did the trial court err as a matter of law and abuse its
    discretion by “interpreting” the parties’ agreement as well as
    their conduct so as to effect a waiver of the “buyout”
    provisions of their marital settlement agreement?
    Appellant’s brief at 7.
    We review the trial court’s decision refusing to enforce the MSA for an
    error of law or an abuse of discretion. Tuthill v. Tuthill, 
    763 A.2d 417
    , 419
    (Pa.Super. 2000). The marital settlement agreement at issue, which did not
    merge into the divorce decree, "survives as an enforceable contract [and] is
    governed by the law of contracts.” Morgan v. Morgan, 
    2014 PA Super 176
    (Pa.Super. 2014). Since contract interpretation is a question of law, we are
    not bound by the trial court’s interpretation. Stamerro v. Stamerro, 
    889 A.2d 1251
    , 1257 (Pa.Super. 2005). Our standard of review is de novo and
    the scope of our review is plenary. Kripp v. Kripp, 
    849 A.2d 1159
    , 1164
    n.5 (Pa. 2004).     However, we are bound by the trial court's credibility
    determinations. Wade v. Huston, 
    877 A.2d 464
     (Pa.Super. 2005).
    There is no dispute that the MSA provided the marital home would be
    sold after two years, or earlier if the parties agreed, and the equity split
    equally between Husband and Wife. Alternatively, one party could buy out
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    the other by paying one-half of the appraised value after satisfying any
    amounts owing on the mortgages. Wife maintained, however, that Husband
    told her he wanted out. She “understood that to mean that he wanted to
    move out, and that if I could get the refinance, that the house was mine.”
    N.T., 2/6/14, at 29.
    Husband maintains that he and Wife discussed the options: selling the
    house and splitting the proceeds, and one person staying in the house and
    buying out the other. Wife ultimately decided to refinance and stay in the
    home. Husband contends first that he did not waive his right to share in the
    equity of the marital home and that his conduct did not evidence any intent
    to modify the MSA.      Furthermore, Husband claims that any waiver or
    modification to the MSA had to be in writing to be enforceable. Moreover,
    Husband maintains that the fact that he signed the deed and did not
    demand payment at the settlement did not constitute waiver of his right to
    the equity in the home under the MSA.       According to the MSA, Wife had
    ninety days from the date she indicated her intent to buy out Husband to
    pay him his one-half of the equity in the house.
    Wife’s position is that Husband waived his right to the equity in the
    marital home by his conduct or, alternatively, that his signature on the deed
    at settlement constituted a sufficient writing to modify the MSA terms, and
    that his release from liability on the mortgages was sufficient consideration
    for the transfer of the property.   She also claims that a refinancing and a
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    buyout are two different things, and that there were no proceeds to
    distribute to Husband at settlement.
    The standard of enforceability of a contractual agreement is clear:
    "[a]bsent fraud, misrepresentation, or duress, spouses should be bound by
    the terms of their agreements."        Crispo v. Crispo, 
    909 A.2d 308
    , 313
    (Pa.Super. 2006) (quoting McMahon v. McMahon, 
    612 A.2d 1360
    , 1363
    (Pa.Super. 1992)) (citations omitted). Thus, the trial court may interpret a
    marital settlement agreement like a contract, but it has "neither the power
    nor the authority to modify or vary the decree unless there is conclusive
    proof of fraud or mistake.”      Bianchi v. Bianchi, 
    859 A.2d 511
    , 515
    (Pa.Super.2004). As with contracts generally, the court must ascertain the
    intent of the parties when interpreting a contractual agreement.     Kripp,
    supra at 1163.      When the language of such an agreement is clear and
    unambiguous, this Court need only examine the writing itself to give effect
    to the parties’ understanding.    Lang v. Meske, 
    850 A.2d 737
    , 739-41
    (Pa.Super. 2004).
    Our Supreme Court reiterated in Nicolella v. Palmer, 
    248 A.2d 20
    ,
    23 (Pa. 1968), however, that “[p]arties to an agreement may rescind or
    abandon it.”   This can be demonstrated by parol evidence.      Wagner v.
    Graziano Const Co., 
    136 A.2d 82
    , 84 (Pa. 1957). Even where the written
    contract prohibits a non-written modification, our High Court held in
    Wagner that it may be modified by subsequent oral agreement. Proof of
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    oral modification of a written contract may be expressed in words or inferred
    from the acts and declarations of the parties. However, “where the writing
    contains an express provision that it constituted the entire contract between
    the parties and should not be modified except in writing, the party seeking
    to show subsequent oral modification in the agreement must prove it by
    clear, precise, and convincing evidence, as in cases where fraud, accident, or
    mistake is alleged.”   Nicolella, supra at 23; see also Empire Props. v.
    Equireal, Inc., 
    674 A.2d 297
     (Pa.Super. 1996) (an agreement prohibiting
    non-written modification may be modified by a subsequent oral agreement if
    the parties' conduct clearly shows an intent to waive the requirement that
    amendments be in writing).
    We have reviewed the record and conclude that it does not support the
    trial court's determination that Husband waived or abandoned his claim to
    one-half of the equity in the marital home. Wife’s initial waiver claim was
    based on Husband’s statement, “I want out ASAP.”        N.T., 2/6/14, at 27.
    Mindful that the trial court believed Wife’s version of the events, and
    deferring to that credibility determination as we must, Wade, supra, we fail
    to see how this statement constitutes the clear, precise, and convincing
    evidence that Husband waived or abandoned his equity interest in the
    property. Nor do we find waiver based on Husband’s alleged failure to tell
    the settlement company about the MSA or provide a copy. Husband was not
    dealing with the settlement company and had no obligation to assert a claim
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    at settlement. Wife was contractually obligated under the MSA to pay him
    within ninety days of declaring her intention to buy him out. At the time of
    settlement, that ninety-day period had not run.        It is undisputed that
    Husband made a demand for his share of the equity in the home the night of
    the settlement and Wife refused that request.
    Nor do we agree that Husband’s execution of the deed was legally
    sufficient to constitute a written modification of the MSA.         The MSA
    contemplated that one spouse could buy out the other. Upon being relieved
    of financial obligation, the selling spouse was required to execute the
    documents necessary to facilitate that transfer. Husband’s signature on the
    deed was consistent with his contractual obligations under the MSA, not
    evidence of any modification to that agreement.
    Furthermore, we find no merit in Wife’s position, adopted by the trial
    court, that the refinancing of the property and Husband’s signing of the deed
    transferring his rights in the property to Wife was not a buyout as that term
    was used in the agreement. Refinancing was the means to effectuate the
    buyout and fully consistent with the alternate distribution option in the
    agreement. Husband, upon being relieved of financial responsibility for liens
    on the property, was required to execute the deed to transfer the property
    to Wife. The MSA only provided for two means of disposing of the property:
    sale to a third person or a buyout by one of the spouses. In addition, the
    parties agreed that neither could “transfer any interest in this real property
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    and residence other than through the distribution or alternate distribution”
    set forth in the MSA. MSA, at Article 1 § 1.01(a)(ii). The disposition was
    entirely consistent with the alternate distribution provisions of the MSA, with
    the exception that Wife refused to pay Husband his one-half share of the
    equity.
    Nor do we find support for the trial court’s conclusion that since there
    was nothing to distribute to Husband, he was not entitled to anything. The
    MSA provided that Husband was entitled to one-half of the equity in the
    home, as determined by an appraisal, minus the outstanding liens on the
    property. The bank’s appraisal reflected a value of $300,000; liens totaled
    $214,203.35.    Thus, there was approximately $85,000 in equity in the
    property, one-half of which belonged to Husband.        Wife’s failure to seek
    and/or secure sufficient funds to satisfy both Husband’s share of the equity
    and the liens does not relieve her of the contractual obligation to pay
    Husband.      Thus,   we   conclude   that Husband is entitled to      specific
    performance of the MSA regarding disposition of the marital home.
    The record contains two appraisals of the property, one obtained by
    the bank at the time of the refinancing, and the other secured by Wife in
    anticipation of litigation and retrospectively valuing the property at the time
    of the sale. The MSA expressly provides that an appraisal at the time of the
    buyout or sale would determine the parties’ one-half shares of the equity.
    Only one appraisal was obtained at the time of the buyout, that being the
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    bank’s $300,000 appraisal. There was discussion, but no firm resolution, of
    whether settlement costs1 should be borne equally by Husband and Wife
    under the MSA’s alternate disposition provisions. We find that the MSA does
    not so provide.      Finally, Husband made a claim for attorneys’ fees in the
    amount of $1,500 pursuant to Section 6.06(c) of the agreement, which the
    trial court refused since he was unsuccessful below.
    Hence, we reverse and remand. We direct the court to award Husband
    $42,398.32 for his one-half equity share in the marital home and his counsel
    fees in litigating this matter.
    Order reversed. Case remanded for further proceedings in accordance
    with this adjudication. Jurisdiction relinquished.
    Judgment Entered.
    Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
    Prothonotary
    Date: 10/15/2014
    ____________________________________________
    1
    The HUD-1 Settlement Statement was introduced into evidence as Wife’s
    Exhibit 3. While it reflects that $8,018.30 was due from Borrower at
    settlement, $4,743.72 of those settlement costs consisted of Borrower’s
    initial deposit for escrow of homeowner’s insurance, property and school
    taxes, and $3,465.00 for the mortgage insurance premium.
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