Com. v. Brock, L. ( 2022 )

J-S41023-22
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
LAMAR BROCK :
:
Appellant : No. 436 MDA 2022
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered February 3, 2022
In the Court of Common Pleas of Dauphin County
Criminal Division at No. 2022-00511
BEFORE: LAZARUS, J., MURRAY, J., and STEVENS, P.J.E.*
MEMORANDUM BY MURRAY, J.: FILED: DECEMBER 29, 2022
Lamar Brock (Appellant) appeals from the judgment of sentence
imposed after the trial court found him guilty of indirect criminal contempt
(ICC) for twice violating a temporary protection from abuse (PFA) order.1 We
affirm.
Prior to the entry of the PFA order, Appellant lived with Erika Burke and
her children in an apartment located at 73 S. Wells Street in Wilkes-Barre.2
Ms. Burke obtained the temporary PFA order against Appellant on January 21,
2022. The order stated:
____________________________________________
* Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
1 The Protection from Abuse Act is codified at 23 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 6101-6122.
Pursuant to § 6114(a), a “court may hold the defendant in indirect criminal
contempt and punish the defendant in accordance with law.”
2 Ms. Burke testified that she and Appellant were both on the lease. N.T.,
2/3/22, at 16.
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1. [Appellant] shall not abuse, harass, stalk, threaten, or
attempt to threaten to use physical force against [Ms.
Burke and her children] in any place where they might
be found.
2. [Appellant] shall be evicted and excluded from the
residence at 73 South Wells St. Wilkes-Barre, PA
18702 or any other permanent or temporary
residence where [Ms. Burke] or any other person
protected under this order may live. [Ms. Burke] is
granted exclusive possession of the residence.
[Appellant] shall have no right or privilege to enter or be
present on the premises of Plaintiff or any other person
protected under this order.
Temporary Order, 1/21/22, at 1 (emphasis added). The order also specified
Appellant was “prohibited from having ANY CONTACT” with Ms. Burke and her
children. Id. (capitalization in original).
With respect to service:
The Temporary PFA was served upon [Appellant] on January
24, 2022, at 8:40 a.m. at the Luzerne County Correctional Facility,
by Deputy David Capobianco of the Luzerne County Sheriff’s
Department. The Affidavit of Service is found in the PFAD
directory and is attached [to the trial court’s opinion]. Further, at
the ICC hearing, the deputy sheriff testified that the Temporary
PFA was served on January 24, 2022.
Trial Court Opinion, 5/11/22, at 2 (citing N.T., 2/3/22, at 21).
Shortly after he was released from the Luzerne County Correctional
Facility, police arrested Appellant and charged him with two counts of ICC for
violating the PFA order on January 28, 2022, and January 29, 2022. The trial
court convened a contempt hearing on February 3, 2022.
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Wilkes-Barre City Police Officer Gregory Perez testified to being
dispatched to 73 S. Wells Street on January 28, 2022, for an alleged PFA
violation. N.T., 2/3/22, at 5. Ms. Burke was at the apartment when Officer
Perez arrived; she told him that she called police after she discovered
Appellant at the apartment. Id. at 6. Officer Perez confirmed that the PFA
order “evicted [Appellant] from the premises.” Id. Although Appellant was
no longer at the apartment, Officer Perez testified “it appeared that someone
[had been] in the apartment.” Id.
Wilkes-Barre City Police Officer Raul Ortiz testified to being dispatched
to the apartment the following day, January 29, 2022, for a second alleged
PFA violation. Id. at 9. Officer Ortiz stated that when he arrived, “Ms. Burke
was outside [and] allowed us into the residence. … [Appellant] was located
coming out of a bedroom at which point he was placed under arrest without
incident regarding the PFA violation.” Id. Appellant told Officer Ortiz that the
apartment lease was in his name. Id. at 9-10. Officer Ortiz opined that
Appellant’s name on the lease was irrelevant “due to the PFA stating that
[Appellant] was, in fact, evicted from the residence.” Id. at 12.
Ms. Burke testified Appellant “was not supposed to be at the apartment.
He’s evicted.” Id. at 13. She stated that on January 28, 2022, she
came to the apartment just to get a few things because I haven’t
been staying there because I didn’t feel safe with my children.
And when I came there, [Appellant] was there in the room. So
then I left, and I called the police.
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Id. Ms. Burke had seen Appellant in the bedroom, but “he didn’t see” Ms.
Burke. Id. at 14. She stated that she “closed the door and I left. And I went
outside and called the police.” Id.
Ms. Burke testified that the following day, January 29, 2022, she
went to [the apartment] to check the mail. And when I came, and
[Appellant] was there. And he was sitting there with food and …
I left because he told me that I wasn’t supposed to be there. And
I called the police and they came. I met them outside and I let
them in. … [H]e was still there.
Id. at 14.
Ms. Burke explained she was no longer staying at the apartment, but
her “things were still there. [A]fter the incident that caused this whole thing,
I didn’t feel comfortable staying there. But I still ha[d] my stuff there.” Id.
at 15.
Appellant testified in his defense. Regarding January 28, 2022,
Appellant said he “came back to the apartment [and] the landlord told me Ms.
Burke had recently moved out.” Id. at 18. Appellant claimed, “Ms. Burke
cannot live there anymore. That’s why it was okay for me to establish my
living there.” Id. Appellant stated he “had no idea I was not supposed to be
there. My landlord … let me know it was okay for me to be there. This is why
I was there.” Id.
As to January 29, 2022, Appellant testified “the police just walked in the
house and arrested me. … I’m thinking [Ms. Burke] has nothing in the house,
no type of nothing in the house.” Id. Appellant asserted:
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[Ms. Burke] moved out of that place. So the PFA should be against
where she lives at now and not at the house where I resided
simply because my landlord boot[ed] her off the lease for
abandonment. … I had no idea that I wasn’t supposed to be
there.
Id. at 19.
The trial court subsequently convicted Appellant of two counts of ICC
and sentenced him to an aggregate 2 - 6 months of incarceration, followed by
6 months of probation. Appellant timely appealed. Both Appellant and the
trial court have complied with Pa.R.A.P. 1925.
Appellant presents two issues for review:
I. Whether the Commonwealth presented sufficient evidence to
find the Appellant guilty of two ICC violations and whether
Appellant was aware of the terms and conditions of the PFA?
II. Whether the trial court abused its discretion in position of
sentencing?
Appellant’s Brief at 1.
We review Appellant’s contempt conviction for an abuse of discretion.
Commonwealth v. Felder, 176 A.3d 331, 333 (Pa. Super. 2017) (citation
omitted). We rely on the discretion of the trial court judge and are confined
to a determination of whether the facts support the trial court’s decision. Id.When a defendant violates a PFA order, the trial court has the authority
to hold the defendant in indirect criminal contempt. 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 6114. To
convict a defendant of indirect criminal contempt for violating a PFA order,
“the Commonwealth must demonstrate beyond a reasonable doubt that, at
the time of the violation, the defendant had actual knowledge of
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the PFA order, regardless of how the defendant gained this knowledge.”
Commonwealth v. Stevenson, 283 A.3d 196, 199 (Pa. 2022).
In his first issue, Appellant argues the evidence was insufficient to
support his convictions.
In reviewing whether the evidence was sufficient to support the
conviction, we must determine whether the evidence admitted at
trial, and all reasonable inferences drawn from that evidence,
when viewed in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth as
verdict winner, was sufficient to enable the fact finder to conclude
that the Commonwealth established all of the elements of the
offense beyond a reasonable doubt. In applying the above test,
we may not weigh the evidence and substitute our judgment for
the fact-finder. Finally, the trier of fact while passing upon the
credibility of witnesses and the weight of the evidence produced,
is free to believe all, part or none of the evidence.
… A charge of indirect criminal contempt consists of a claim that
a violation of an order occurred outside the presence of the court.
In order to establish indirect criminal contempt, the
Commonwealth must prove: 1) the order was sufficiently definite,
clear, and specific to the contemnor as to leave no doubt of the
conduct prohibited; 2) the contemnor had notice of the order; 3)
the act constituting the violation must have been volitional; and
4) the contemnor must have acted with wrongful intent.
Felder, 176 A.3d at 333-34 (citations and quotation marks omitted).
Appellant concedes the temporary PFA order “was issued and he had
notice of the Order.” Appellant’s Brief at 6. He challenges the sufficiency of
the evidence based on “representations by his landlord that the victim had
vacated the residence.” Id. at 7. Appellant claims he “did not act with ‘a
wrongful intent’; rather his intent was to return to a residence where he
believed the victim had vacated.” Id. Appellant asserts “his acts were not
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volitional, in that he believed he had an absolute right to return to his
apartment given the fact that the victim had vacated.” Id. He references the
victim’s testimony confirming that she had left the couple’s apartment. Id.
He also states he “had no idea that he was not allowed to be there given the
fact that [the victim] had vacated, and he believed any Protection from Abuse
Order was for where the victim currently resided, not where she formerly
resided.” Id. (citing N.T., 2/3/22, at 18-19).
The trial court found Appellant “not credible.” Trial Court Opinion,
5/11/22, at 6. The court explained to Appellant:
Based upon the credible testimony of record, [Appellant],
you are found guilty of violating the PFA, Violation No. 1 and
Violation No. 2.
When a PFA order is signed by a judge and is served upon
a [defendant and] says you are evicted and excluded from this
residence, you cannot go there. By your own testimony of record,
you disregarded the court order because you believed [Ms. Burke]
had moved out. That is a blatant admission and a violation of the
order.
You can’t supersede what a judge orders because you think
[Ms. Burke] moved out. That’s a violation of the order. I find that
[Appellant] violated the first day[, January 28, 2022,] when [Ms.
Burke] came in and found and saw you. I find her testimony
credible. And when she came back [the next day, January 29,
2022,] – even if she’ moving out, it is irrelevant. A judge ordered
that you cannot be at that residence. And your landlord doesn’t
change a court order. A court order is valid and legal until it is
modified or no longer exists. And [Appellant] went back the next
day.
N.T., 2/3/22, at 21.
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The record supports the trial court’s findings. Therefore, the evidence
was sufficient for the court to convict Appellant of two counts of ICC. Felder,
176 A.3d at 334 (Commonwealth proves indirect criminal contempt where PFA
order was “sufficiently definite, clear, and specific” as to prohibited conduct;
the contemnor had notice; the violation was volitional; and contemnor acted
with wrongful intent.). Appellant’s first issue does not merit relief.
In his second issue, Appellant “challeng[es] the discretionary aspects of
his sentence.” Appellant’s Brief at 9. Appellant concedes the trial court “had
the authority to sentence him to his present term of incarceration,” but claims
“the circumstances of this matter clearly did not require incarceration; rather,
the act should have been considered merely a diminimus [sic] violation of the
PFA.” Id. at 10. Appellant reiterates that “he clearly had no intention of
violating the PFA and as a matter of fact, did not believe he violated the PFA
by returning to his residence when he knew the victim had vacated.” Id. He
claims he “was clearly sentenced without consideration of 42 Pa.C.S.A. §
9781(c),” pertaining to “Appellate review of sentence.” Id.
“The right to appellate review of the discretionary aspects of a sentence
is not absolute, and must be considered a petition for permission to
appeal.” Commonwealth v. Buterbaugh, 91 A.3d 1247, 1265 (Pa. Super.
2014). “An appellant must satisfy a four-part test to invoke this Court’s
jurisdiction when challenging the discretionary aspects of a
sentence.” Id. We conduct a four-part test to determine whether:
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(1) the appellant preserved the issue either by raising it at the
time of sentencing or in a post[-]sentence motion; (2) the
appellant filed a timely notice of appeal; (3) the appellant set forth
a concise statement of reasons relied upon for the allowance of
appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f); and (4) the appellant raises
a substantial question for our review.
Commonwealth v. Baker, 72 A.3d 652, 662 (Pa. Super. 2013) (citation
omitted).
The trial court contends this issue is waived because Appellant did not
file a post-sentence motion. Trial Court Opinion, 5/11/22, at 7-8 (citing
Commonwealth v. Mann, 820 A.2d 788, 794 (Pa. Super. 2003) and 42
Pa.C.S.A. § 9781(b)). Similarly, the Commonwealth argues the issue is
waived because Appellant “failed to include a 2119(f) Statement in his Brief.”
Commonwealth Brief at 12. We agree the issue is waived.
The failure to file a post-sentence motion results in waiver of claims
relating to the discretionary aspects of sentencing. See Commonwealth v.
Reaves, 923 A.2d 1119, 1125 (Pa. 2007).
Likewise,
An appellant who challenges the discretionary aspects of a
sentence in a criminal matter shall set forth in a separate section
of the brief a concise statement of the reasons relied upon for
allowance of appeal with respect to the discretionary aspects of a
sentence.
Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f) (emphasis added). When the appellant has not included a
Rule 2119(f) statement and the Commonwealth has not objected, this Court
may ignore the omission. Commonwealth v. Kiesel, 854 A.2d 530, 533 (Pa.
Super. 2004). “However, this option is lost if the [Commonwealth] objects to
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a 2119(f) omission. In such circumstances, this Court is precluded from
reviewing the merits of the claim and the appeal must be denied.” Id. Here,
the Commonwealth has expressly objected to Appellant’s failure to include a
Rule 2119(f) statement in his brief. Commonwealth Brief at 13. Thus, “this
Court may not review the merits” of Appellant’s second issue.3 Id.Judgment of sentence affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 12/29/2022
____________________________________________
3 In the absence of waiver, Appellant’s sentencing issue would not merit relief.
See Trial Court Opinion, 5/11/22, at 8-9 (observing Protection from Abuse Act
authorizes incarceration of up to 6 months, and multiple violations may be
consecutive or concurrent). The trial court “reviewed the history of the PFA
case as well as the actions of [Appellant] when imposing sentence … within
the statutorily mandated maximum,” and concluded Appellant’s sentence “was
warranted.” Id. at 9.
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