Com. v. Saunders, C. ( 2018 )

J-S46038-18
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
CRAIG SAUNDERS, :
:
Appellant. : No. 2469 EDA 2017
Appeal from the PCRA Order, June 30, 2017,
in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County,
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-0512141-2002.
BEFORE: BOWES, J., SHOGAN, J., and KUNSELMAN, J.
MEMORANDUM BY KUNSELMAN, J.: FILED OCTOBER 17, 2018
Craig Saunders appeals from the order denying his third petition for
post-conviction relief filed pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”).
42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-46. We affirm.
The pertinent facts and lengthy procedural history are as follows:
Saunders was first brought to trial in February 2003. After the jury was unable
to reach a verdict, a mistrial was called, and a second trial was held in January
2004. At the conclusion of this trial, the jury found Saunders guilty of
burglary, conspiracy, rape as an accomplice, five counts each of robbery and
kidnapping, and multiple firearms violations. Thereafter, the trial court
imposed an aggregate sentence of 48 ½ to 97 years of imprisonment.
Saunders filed a timely appeal to this Court, and we affirmed his judgment of
sentence on December 1, 2006. See Commonwealth v. Saunders, 918
J-S46038-18
A.2d 791 (Pa. Super. 2006) (unpublished memorandum). We denied
Saunders’ petition for re-argument on January 25, 2007. Saunders did not
seek further review.
On February 26, 2007, Saunders filed a pro se PCRA petition. Although
the PCRA court appointed counsel, Saunders expressed his dissatisfaction with
his representation and applied to the court for leave to proceed pro se.
Following a Grazier1 hearing, the PCRA court granted the request. Saunders
filed an amended petition on November 26, 2008, and a supplemental petition
on October 19, 2009. The Commonwealth filed a motion to dismiss.
Thereafter, the PCRA court issued Pa.R.Crim.P. 907 notice of its intent to
dismiss the petition without a hearing. Saunders filed a response. By order
entered April 23, 2010, the PCRA Court dismissed Saunders’ petition.
Saunders filed an appeal to this Court, in which he raised nine issues.
In one issue, Saunders argued that “the court reporter knowingly and
substantially altered the testimony of defense witness Cynthia Hedgeman.”
Commonwealth v. Saunders, 32 A.3d 826 (Pa. Super. 2011), unpublished
memorandum at 9. In rejecting this claim, we explained that Saunders offered
no evidence of any “corrupt intention,” and that it was actually Saunders’
reliance upon “a Gordian knot of inferences drawn from circumstances that,
without additional evidence, show only the court reporter’s failure to comply
with the Rules of Court. Although regrettable, that omission does not establish
____________________________________________
1 Commonwealth v. Grazier, 713 A.2d 81 (Pa. 1998).
-2-
J-S46038-18
the intent Saunders claims.” Saunders, unpublished memorandum at 11-12
(citation omitted). In addition, we noted that Saunders did not explain “how
the absence of certain portions of the transcript on appeal ‘undermined the
truth-determining process’ before a jury when its members viewed Cynthia
Hedgeman in the courtroom and heard live testimony.” Id. at 13. Finding
no merit to any of Saunders’ other claims, we affirmed the PCRA Court’s order
denying post-conviction relief. Id. at 43. On August 15, 2012, our Supreme
Court denied Saunders’ petition for allowance of appeal.
On September 20, 2012, Saunders filed a second pro se PCRA petition,
in which he raised three claims of ineffective assistance of counsel. On
November 20, 2012, Saunders filed a supplemental petition in which he
claimed that his due process rights were violated by the admission of the
identification evidence presented by the Commonwealth. On August 28, 2013,
the PCRA court filed a Pa.R.Crim.P. 907 notice to dismiss the petition without
a hearing. Appellant filed a response. By order entered January 7, 2014, the
PCRA court formally dismissed Saunders’ second PCRA petition as untimely.
Saunders appealed to this Court. Although Saunders conceded that his
second petition was filed untimely, he asserted that he met an exception to
the PCRA’s time bar because, pursuant to the decision in Commonwealth v.
Walker, 92 A.3d 766 (Pa. 2014), expert testimony may be admitted to aid
the trier of fact in understanding the characteristics of eyewitness
identification. Saunders then argued that, in light of Walker, he could now
demonstrate that either the identification evidence at his second trial was
-3-
J-S46038-18
inadmissible or, if admitted, he could have presented expert witness testimony
to help the jury understand the fallibility of identification testimony. This court
agreed that Saunders’ second petition was untimely, but disagreed that the
Walker decision provided an exception to the PCRA’s time bar. Concluding
that Saunders failed to establish any time-bar exception, we agreed with the
PCRA court that it lacked jurisdiction to address Saunders’ ineffective
assistance of counsel claims. We therefore affirmed the order denying
Saunders post-conviction relief. See Commonwealth v. Saunders, 131
A.3d 83 (Pa. Super. 2015).
On April 12, 2016, Saunders filed a petition for writ of habeas corpus.
Within this petition, Saunders reiterated his due process claims from his first
trial, as well as the claim that the court reporter improperly altered the
transcripts of his second trial. Treating this filing as a third pro se PCRA
petition, the PCRA court, on March 6, 2017, issued Pa.R.Crim.P. 907 notice of
intent to dismiss the petition without a hearing because it was untimely, and
because Saunders failed to plead and/or prove an exception to the PCRA’s
time bar. Saunders filed several responses. In his initial response, Saunders
asserted that he had discovered new facts regarding his trial transcripts, and,
since the claim was previously litigated under the PCRA, he could now seek a
remedy outside the statute, i.e., via habeas review. In a supplemental
response, Saunders asked to amend his petition to include a claim regarding
expert testimony on the reliability of eyewitness identification. In his final
supplemental response, Saunders attached a report from an expert he had
-4-
J-S46038-18
contacted regarding the reliability of the eyewitness identifications made at
his trial. He claimed this constituted newly-discovered evidence and thus
satisfied Subsection 9545(b)(1)(ii).
By order entered June 30, 2017, the PCRA court formally dismissed
Saunders’ third petition as untimely. This appeal follows. The PCRA court did
not require Pa.R.A.P. 1925 compliance.
Saunders raises the following issues:
1. Whether [Saunders] had a right to file a petition for a
writ of habeas corpus, independent of the PCRA
framework?
2. Whether [Saunders] should have been granted leave to
file an amended petition, once the [PCRA] court decided
it was subject to the strictures of the PCRA?
3. Whether [Saunders] sufficiently pled an exception to the
time-bar to excuse the filing of a PCRA petition after the
date his judgment [of sentence] became final?
Saunders’ Brief at 4.
This Court’s standard of review regarding an order dismissing a petition
under the PCRA is whether the determination of the PCRA court is supported
by the evidence of record and is free of legal error. Commonwealth v.
Halley, 870 A.2d 795, 799 n.2 (Pa. 2005). The PCRA court’s findings will not
be disturbed unless there is no support for the findings in the certified record.
Commonwealth v. Carr, 768 A.2d 1164, 1166 (Pa. Super. 2001). Moreover,
a PCRA court may decline to hold a hearing on the petition if the PCRA court
determines that the petitioner’s claim is patently frivolous and is without a
-5-
J-S46038-18
trace of support in either the record or from other evidence. Commonwealth
v. Jordan, 772 A.2d 1011, 1104 (Pa. Super. 2001).
In his first issue, Saunders asserts that because his present claim
regarding the trial transcripts was previously litigated under the PCRA, he may
seek relief outside the PCRA’s framework. We disagree. The PCRA court
properly treated Saunders’ habeas petition as a serial PCRA. See
Commonwealth v. Taylor, 65 A.3d 462, 465-66 (Pa. Super. 2013)
(explaining that a habeas corpus petition must be treated as a PCRA petition
when the issues raised therein are cognizable under the PCRA). Other than
his own reading of the PCRA, Saunders offers no precedent for his proposition.
As his claim regarding the transcripts presents an issue of due process, it
remains cognizable only under the PCRA.
Before addressing the remaining two issues raised by Saunders, we
must first determine whether the PCRA court correctly concluded that
Saunders’ PCRA petition is untimely.
The timeliness of a post-conviction petition is jurisdictional.
Commonwealth v. Hernandez, 79 A.3d 649, 651 (Pa. Super. 2013).
Generally, a petition for relief under the PCRA, including a second or
subsequent petition, must be filed within one year of the date the judgment
is final unless the petition alleges, and the petitioner proves, that an exception
to the time for filing the petition, set forth at 42 Pa.C.S.A. sections
-6-
J-S46038-18
9545(b)(1)(i), (ii), and (iii), is met.2 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545. A PCRA petition
invoking one of these statutory exceptions must “be filed within 60 days of
the date the claims could have been presented.” See Hernandez, 79 A.3d
651-52 (citations omitted); see also 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(2). Finally,
exceptions to the PCRA’s time bar must be pled in the petition, and may not
be raised for the first time on appeal. Commonwealth v. Burton, 936 A.2d
521, 525 (Pa. Super. 2007); see also Pa.R.A.P. 302(a) (providing that issues
not raised before the lower court are waived and cannot be raised for the first
time on appeal).
Here, because Saunders did not seek further review after we affirmed
his judgment of sentence on December 1, 2006, and denied his petition for
____________________________________________
2 The exceptions to the timeliness requirement are:
(i) the failure to raise the claim previously was the result of
interference of government officials with the presentation of the
claim in violation of the Constitution or laws of this Commonwealth
or the Constitution or laws of the United States.
(ii) the facts upon which the claim is predicated were unknown to
the petitioner and could not have been ascertained by the exercise
of due diligence; or
(iii) the right asserted is a constitutional right that was recognized
by the Supreme Court of the United States or the Supreme Court
of Pennsylvania after the time period provided in this section and
has been held by that court to apply retroactively.
42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9545(b)(1)(i), (ii), and (iii).
-7-
J-S46038-18
re-argument on January 25, 2007, his judgment of sentence became final
thirty days thereafter, or on February 26, 2007.3 Thus, for purposes of the
PCRA’s time bar, Saunders had to file his first PCRA petition by February 26,
2008. Saunders filed his third petition on April 12, 2016. Thus, the petition is
untimely, unless Saunders satisfied his burden of pleading and proving that
one of the enumerated exceptions applies. See Hernandez, supra.
Saunders has failed to establish any exception to the PCRA’s time bar.
He argues that he has satisfied an exception to the PCRA’s time bar of “newly-
discovered” evidence “based on an Expert Report of Dr. Margaret Reardon, an
expert on the psychology of eyewitness identifications.” Saunders’ Brief at
11. According to Saunders, the PCRA court erred in concluding that this report
did not constitute newly-discovered facts. We disagree.4
The PCRA court found no merit to this claim. It explained:
The facts that Dr. Reardon relied on to formulate the
expert report were compiled from trial transcripts. There
were no new or unknown facts on which her report was
____________________________________________
3 Because the thirtieth day fell on a Saturday, the deadline was extended to
the following Monday. See 1 Pa.C.S.A. § 1908.
4 Within his argument, Saunders also asserts that he qualifies under this time
bar exception because he had recently discovered new facts about the
omissions and variance in the versions of his trial transcripts. As noted above,
a due process claim regarding his trial transcripts was previously litigated in
his first PCRA. Although Saunders claims that a private investigator he hired
has recently uncovered “new facts” after speaking with court reporter
personnel, this time bar exception does not apply to new sources of previously
known facts. See Commonwealth v. Abu-Jamal, 941 A.2d 1263, 1269 (Pa.
2008) (citation omitted).
-8-
J-S46038-18
predicated on. “The fact appellant discovered yet another
conduit for the same claim of perjury does not transform his
latest source into evidence falling within the ambit of §
9545(b)(1)(ii).” See Commonwealth v. Abu-Jamal, 941
A.2d 1263, 1269 (Pa. 2008) (citation omitted). Therefore,
the report did not qualify as an unknown fact for [purposes
of] Section 9545(b)(1)(ii).
PCRA Court Opinion, 9/14/17, at 5 (citations to notes of testimony omitted).
In addition, the PCRA court noted that in denying his second post-conviction
petition, we held that Saunders “was not entitled to relief where [Saunders]
claimed that he should be permitted to present expert witness testimony to
aid the trier of fact in understanding the fallibility of eyewitness identification.”
Id. (citing Commonwealth v. Saunders, 131 A.3d 83 (Pa. Super. 2015)
(unpublished memorandum).
Our review of the record supports the PCRA court’s conclusions. Three
years ago we rejected Saunders’ attempt to establish the “newly-discovered
evidence” exception to the PCRA’s time bar based on Walker. At that time,
we explained that the Walker decision is not “evidence.” See Saunders,
unpublished memorandum at 11.
The expert report Saunders now proffers as newly-discovered evidence
was clearly not admissible at the time of his trial. See e.g. Commonwealth
v. Bormack, 827 A.2d 503, 509 (Pa. Super. 2003) (concluding that trial
counsel was not ineffective for failing to present expert testimony; expert
testimony regarding the reliability of eyewitness identifications is inadmissible
per se in Pennsylvania because it intrudes on the jury’s exclusive role as the
arbiter of credibility). Although Saunders does not argue the “new
-9-
J-S46038-18
constitutional right” exception to the PCRA’s time bar, our Supreme Court in
Walker did not specifically identify a new constitutional right that applied
retroactively. See 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1)(iii). Because we have already
held that the Walker decision itself did not establish a “newly discovered fact,”
Saunders attempt to introduce an expert report based upon Walker, years
after his judgment of sentence became final, likewise fails.
In sum, Saunders’ third PCRA is untimely, and he has not established
any statutory exception. Thus, the PCRA court correctly concluded it lacked
jurisdiction to consider Saunders’ underlying claims, and we affirm the order
denying post-conviction relief.
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 10/17/18
- 10 -