Com. v. Samuels, D. ( 2019 )

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
v.
DOUGLAS SAMUELS
Appellant : No. 1422 MDA 2018
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered July 16, 2018
In the Court of Common Pleas of Dauphin County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-22-CR-0005730-2016
BEFORE: BOWES, J., DUBOW, J., and MUSMANNO, J.
MEMORANDUM BY BOWES, J.: FILED JULY 17, 2019
Douglas Samuels appeals from the judgment of sentence of life without
the possibility of parole following his conviction for first -degree murder. We
affirm his conviction, but remand for resentencing after a determination of
Appellant's ability to pay a fine.
Appellant and Freddie Stewart ("victim") grew up together and had a
volatile history. In the past, Appellant had called the police approximately
twelve times on the victim because the victim was either harassing or
physically assaulting him. On the morning of August 27, 2016, Appellant and
the victim got into an argument about money. The victim threatened to beat
Appellant if he did not return the money by 5:00 p.m. that evening.
Appellant went to his car to get his firearm to kill the victim, but found
that he was out of ammunition. As a result, Appellant took public
transportation to a nearby Wal-Mart to purchase ammunition. Upon his
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return, Appellant fired several test shots, before going to locate the victim.
He found the victim sitting outside of his residence. In response to Appellant's
appearance with a gun, the victim fled. Appellant fired a shot over the back
of the victim's head "to keep him running." N.T. Jury Trial, 6/27/18, at 299.
Appellant did not pursue the victim. Instead, he walked eleven blocks
to his sister's house for lunch and hid his weapon in the bushes to prevent
anyone from locating it. After lunch, Appellant retrieved his weapon and
walked back to the victim's house. He found the victim asleep in his vehicle.
Appellant woke the victim up, so that the victim would know it was him, before
firing one shot into the victim's face and killing him. Multiple witnesses heard
a gunshot and saw Appellant with a gun pointed at the victim. Appellant
remained on scene, where he made several unprompted statements to
bystanders and officers responding to the scene, admitting responsibility for
the killing. Appellant also gave a taped confession to the arresting officers.
Appellant was charged with criminal homicide. Appellant proceeded to
a jury trial and was found guilty of first -degree murder. On July 16, 2018,
Appellant was sentenced to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole
and a $10,000 fine was imposed. Appellant filed a post -sentence motion
challenging his sentence and the weight of the evidence. The motion was
denied and Appellant filed a timely notice of appeal. Both Appellant and the
trial court complied with Pa.R.A.P. 1925.
Appellant raises the following issues for our review:
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I. Did not the lower court abuse its discretion by failing to
grant [Appellant] a new trial on the basis that the guilty
verdict was against the weight of the evidence when the
totality of the evidence as to the issues of killing in the heat
of passion and imperfect self-defense was unreliable,
contradictory, and incredible?
II. Did not the court impose an illegal sentence when it imposed
a fine of $10,000 on a person serving a life -without -parole
sentence without any consideration of [Appellant's] ability
to pay such a fine?
Appellant's brief at 5.
First, Appellant seeks a new trial on the ground that the verdict was
against the weight of the evidence, i.e., that the greater weight of the
evidence supported a verdict for the lesser offense of voluntary manslaughter,
not first -degree murder. Appellant's brief at 21. Appellant argued that, since
he proved that he was either operating under the heat of passion or an
unreasonable belief that the killing was justified, his conviction should have
been mitigated accordingly. Id.
An appellate court's standard of review when presented with a weight
of the evidence claim is distinct from the standard of review applied by the
trial court. Therefore, "we may only reverse the lower court's verdict if it is
so contrary to the evidence as to shock one's sense of justice."
Commonwealth v. Champney, 832 A.2d 403, 408 (Pa. 2003). As our
Supreme Court has explained:
Appellate review of a weight claim is a review of the exercise of
discretion, not of the underlying question of whether the verdict
is against the weight of the evidence. Because the trial judge has
had the opportunity to hear and see the evidence presented, an
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appellate court will give the gravest consideration to the findings
and reasons advanced by the trial judge when reviewing a trial
court's determination that the verdict is against the weight of the
evidence. One of the least assailable reasons for granting or
denying a new trial is the lower court's conviction that the verdict
was or was not against the weight of the evidence and that a new
trial should be granted in the interest of justice.
Commonwealth v. Clay, 64 A.3d 1049, 1055 (Pa. 2013) (citations omitted).
This does not mean that the exercise of discretion by the trial court in granting
or denying a motion for a new trial based on a challenge to the weight of the
evidence is unfettered. We have explained that:
The term "discretion" imports the exercise of judgment, wisdom
and skill so as to reach a dispassionate conclusion within the
framework of the law, and is not excised for the purpose of giving
effect to the will of the judge. Discretion must be exercised on
the foundation of reason, as opposed to prejudice, personal
motivations, caprice or arbitrary actions. Discretion is abused
where the course pursued represents not merely an error of
judgment, but where the judgment is manifestly unreasonable or
where the law is not applied or where the record shows that the
action is a result of partiality, prejudice, bias or ill -will.
Id.Appellant argues that the jury failed to properly weigh his trial testimony
that he had sustained "numerous beatings at the hands of the [victim] for a
[two and one-half] year period," that the victim had threatened to kill him the
morning of the crime, that Appellant was aware of the victim's violent prior
record, that he believed the victim had a gun in his vehicle, and that he did
not approach the victim intending to shoot him whether or not the victim had
a gun. Appellant's brief at 19-21. Thus, he contends that the trial court erred
in denying his post -trial motions in that respect. We disagree.
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Appellant's testimony did not persuade the trial court that his conviction
was against the weight of the evidence. In its opinion, the trial court engaged
in a thorough analysis of the allegation that the weight of the evidence
supported Appellant's imperfect self-defense and heat of passion justification
defenses. Specifically, it found that the evidence established that Appellant,
by his own admission, undertook actions over the course of many hours that
belied his argument that there was insufficient time for him to "cool off" before
he shot and killed the victim. Trial Court Opinion, 11/5/18, at 16-21. It also
found that the evidence negated Appellant's imperfect self-defense
justification, since Appellant's own testimony also proved that he was in no
immediate danger. Id. at 17-21. The trial court found most compelling the
fact that Appellant admitted that "a sleeping man would present no immediate
danger of death or serious bodily injury." N.T., 6/27/18, at 306. Ultimately,
in denying Appellant's claim, the trial court concluded that
the weight of the evidence supports the jury's findings. As cited
above, the evidence overwhelmingly demonstrates that Appellant,
acted with the specific intent to kill [the victim], without legal
justification. In this case, there is direct and circumstantial
evidence of Appellant's specific intent to kill [the victim]. The jury
heard direct evidence of Appellant's specific intent to kill [the
victim] in his own words on the audio recording of his voluntary
statement with the police one hour after the murder wherein he
stated that it was his intent to kill [the victim] at the time he did.
The jury was also presented with circumstantial evidence of
Appellant's specific intent to kill by evidence of his use of a deadly
weapon on a vital part of [the victim's] body. Appellant shot [the
victim] in the face with a shotgun at relative close range.
Accordingly, this [c]ourt did not err in denying Appellant's post -
sentence motion for a new trial or arrest of judgment based on a
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challenge to the weight of the evidence supporting a first -degree
murder verdict.
Trial Court Opinion, 11/5/18, at 20.
Our review of the record reveals no indication of bias or ill -will on the
part of the trial court in its analysis. As the trial court aptly stated, Appellant's
own actions and statements undercut his assertion that the heat of passion or
imperfect self-defense justifications apply. Id. at 16-21. Thus, we find that
the trial court did not abuse its discretion by denying relief on Appellant's
challenge to the weight of the evidence supporting his conviction for first -
degree murder. Appellant is entitled to no relief on this claim.
Next, Appellant alleges that the trial court imposed a $10,000 fine
without first determining his ability to pay. Appellant's brief at 22-23. The
trial court and Commonwealth concede that no such finding was made, and
request that we remand so that the fine can be downwardly modified.
Commonwealth's brief at 6, Trial Court Opinion, 11/5/18, at 20.
The trial court may impose a fine in addition to a defendant's other
sentence when "the court is of the opinion that a fine is specially adapted to
deterrence of the crime involved or to the correction of the defendant." 42
Pa.C.S. § 9726(b)(2). However, "[t]he court shall not sentence a defendant
to pay a fine unless it appears of record that . . . the defendant is or will be
able to pay the fine." 42 Pa.C.S. § 9726(c)(1); Commonwealth v. Thomas,
879 A.2d 246, 264 (Pa.Super. 2005). Imposition of a fine is not precluded
merely because the defendant cannot pay the fine immediately or because he
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cannot do so without difficulty. Commonwealth v. Church, 522 A.2d 30, 33
(Pa. 1987).
Here, all of the parties agree that the trial court did not make specific
findings of Appellant's ability to pay the fine imposed. Our review of the
sentencing hearing transcript reveals that the only mention of Appellant's
ability to pay a fine was made by the Assistant District Attorney, when he
noted that Appellant was "[o]bviously . . . going to have [a] very limited ability
to pay any type of fine." N.T. Sentencing, 7/16/18, at 4. Thus, consistent
with § 9726(c)(1) and Thomas, supra, we remand the case to the trial court
for resentencing after a determination of Appellant's ability to pay a fine.
We affirm the murder conviction, vacate the judgment of sentence in
part, and remand for resentencing consistent with this opinion.
Judgment of sentence affirmed in part and vacated in part. Jurisdiction
relinquished.
Judgment Entered.
J seph D. Seletyn,
Prothonotary
Date: 07/17/2019
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