Com. v. Pichalsky, D. ( 2020 )

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
DANIEL J. PICHALSKY :
:
Appellant : No. 991 EDA 2019
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered November 15, 2018
in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-0007443-2015,
CP-51-CR-0007444-2015
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
DANIEL J. PICHALSKY :
:
Appellant : No. 993 EDA 2019
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered November 15, 2018
in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-0007443-2015,
CP-51-CR-0007444-2015
BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., SHOGAN, J., and MUSMANNO, J.
MEMORANDUM BY MUSMANNO, J.: Filed: December 24, 2020
Daniel J. Pichalsky (“Pichalsky”) appeals from the judgments of
sentence imposed following his guilty pleas, at docket number CP-51-CR-000
7443-2015 (“7443-2015”), to interference with custody of children and
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harassment,1 and, at docket number CP-51-CR-0007444-2015 (“7444-
2015”), to unlawful contact with minor, criminal attempt, corruption of
minors, false imprisonment, and indecent assault.2 We affirm.
In its Opinion, the trial court summarized the relevant factual history
underlying this appeal as follows:
On May 27, 2015, Y.M.R. (D.O.B. March [] 2003)[] stood
outside of her home on [the 2600 block of] Kensington Avenue,
as she waited for her brother to walk her to school. She
observed [Pichalsky] standing near her home and staring at her
for several minutes. At some point, [Pichalsky] moved towards
Y.M.R. and tried to drag her away from her house. [Y.M.R.] ran
inside her house[ and locked the door,] and [Pichalsky] tried to
follow, grabbing the door handle in an attempt to get inside.
[Minutes later,] [Pichalsky] targeted a different minor
child, N.R. (D.O.B. December [] 2001). [Pichalsky] noticed N.R.
walking on the 2600 block of Kensington Avenue and followed
behind her. [Pichalsky] eventually cornered N.R. against a wall
and told her that he had a gun. He repeatedly told [N.R.] to pull
her pants down[,] before rubbing the right side of her body
under her breast [with his hand]. [Pichalsky] only stopped after
a friend of N.R.’s brother noticed [Pichalsky] and called N.R.’s
name. At that point, [Pichalsky] said “never mind” and ran
away.
Trial Court Opinion, 12/30/19, at 2; see also N.T. (Guilty Plea), 5/7/18, at
11-13 (wherein the assistant district attorney recited the facts of the case).
Pichalsky was later arrested and charged, at 7443-2015, with crimes relative
to his interaction with Y.M.R., and, at 7444-2015, with crimes relative to his
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1 See 18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 2904(a), 2709(a)(4).
2 See 18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 6318(a)(1), 901, 6301(a)(1)(i), 2903(b), 3126(a)(7).
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interaction with N.R. On May 7, 2018, Pichalsky pled guilty to the above-
mentioned crimes. The trial court deferred sentencing pending preparation of
a pre-sentence investigation report (“PSI”).
On October 29, 2018, the trial court sentenced Pichalsky, at 7443-
2015, to 2½ to 5 years in prison for interference with custody of children,
and no further penalty for harassment. At 7444-2015, the trial court
sentenced Pichalsky to 2½ to 5 years in prison for unlawful contact with a
minor, 10 to 20 years in prison for criminal attempt, 5 years of probation for
corruption of minors, 2½ to 5 years in prison for false imprisonment, and 5
years of probation for indecent assault. The trial court ordered the
sentences at 7444-2015 to run consecutively, for an aggregate term of 15 to
30 years in prison, followed by 10 years of probation. The trial court also
ordered the sentences at the two docket numbers to run consecutively to
one another.
On November 2, 2018, Pichalsky filed timely Post-Sentence Motions for
modification of his sentences, one at each docket number. On November 9,
2018, the trial court held a hearing to address both Motions. Following the
hearing, the trial court held the matter under advisement, and scheduled a
second hearing for November 15, 2018.
At the November 15, 2018, hearing, the trial court stated, “I will
reconsider, and it will not be exactly what you were looking for. On [7443-
2015], I am going to leave that the same. So the interfering with custody
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would still be 2½ to 5. Harassment, no further penalty.” N.T., 11/15/18, at
6-7. The trial court then amended the sentence at 7444-2015 to 8 to 20
years in prison for criminal attempt, seven years of probation for unlawful
contact with a minor, five years of probation for corruption of minors, 2½ to
5 years in prison for false imprisonment, and five years of probation for
indecent assault. Id. at 6. The trial court ordered the sentences at 7444-
2015 to run consecutively to each other, for an aggregate term of 10½ to 25
years in prison, followed by 10 years of probation, and directed the sentence
at 7444-2015 to run consecutive to the sentence at 7443-2015.3 Id.
On November 20, 2018, Pichalsky filed Post-Sentence Motions for
modification of his sentences, one at each docket number. The trial court
did not address Pichalsky’s Motions. On March 20, 2019, the Motions were
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3 The certified record for 7444-2015 contains a November 15, 2018, Order,
stating that the “previous sentence given on 10/29/18 is vacated[,] and
[Pichalsky] is hereby given a new sentence….” The new sentence matched
what was announced at the hearing. The docket at 7443-2015 indicates
that an “Order Denying Motion for Reconsideration of Sentence” was entered
on November 15, 2018. However, the certified record for 7443-2015 does
not contain an Order denying Pichalsky’s Motion.
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denied by operation of law.4, 5 On April 2, 2019, Pichalsky filed Notices of
Appeal, one at each docket number, with both docket numbers listed on
each Notice of Appeal. On April 4, 2019, the trial court ordered Pichalsky,
pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b), to file a concise statement of the matters
complained of on appeal. Pichalsky timely complied. This Court listed
Pichalsky’s appeals consecutively, at 991 EDA 2019 and 993 EDA 2019, with
both trial court docket numbers included on each appeal.
On April 24, 2019, this Court issued a Rule to Show Cause why
Pichalsky’s appeals should not be quashed pursuant to Commonwealth v.
Walker, 185 A.3d 169 (Pa. 2018) (stating that “when a single order
resolves issues arising on more than one lower court docket, separate
notices of appeal must be filed. The failure to do so will result in quashal of
the appeal.”). The Rule also directed Pichalsky to show cause why his
appeal at 993 EDA 2019 should not be dismissed as duplicative of the appeal
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4See Pa.R.Crim.P. 720 (stating, in relevant part, that “the [trial court] judge
shall decide the post-sentence motion, including any supplemental motion,
within 120 days of the filing of the motion. If the judge fails to decide the
motion within 120 days … the motion shall be deemed denied by operation
of law.”).
5 A docket entry at 7443-2015, dated March 5, 2019, states “Denial by
Operation of Law.” On March 14, 2019, Pichalsky filed a Motion to Correct
Clerical Errors on the Record, arguing that the Denial by Operation of Law
was premature, and requesting that the Clerk of Courts amend the docket.
A docket entry at both docket numbers, dated April 1, 2019, states,
“[Pichalsky’s] Motion to Reconsider denied by operation[ ]of law on March
20, 2019; not March 5, 2019….”.
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at 991 EDA 2019.6 On April 29, 2019, this Court issued a second Rule to
Show Cause why Pichalsky’s appeal at 7443-2015 should not be quashed as
untimely filed. Pichalsky filed Responses addressing each of the Rules. On
May 8, 2019, this Court issued an Order, discharging the Rules to Show
Cause and referring the Walker and timeliness issues to this panel.
On appeal, Pichalsky raises the following questions for our review:
A. Should not this Court address the merits of [Pichalsky’s]
appeal where he filed one timely appeal for each docket, [7443-
2015] and [7444-2015], and the docket numbers represent
convictions following a single consolidated guilty plea involving
two complainants and one judgment of sentence imposed upon
[Pichalsky] by the trial judge?
B. Should not this Court address the merits of [Pichalsky’s]
appeal where the trial court held a reconsideration hearing on
November 15, 2018[,] for the sentence imposed in [7443-2015]
and [7444-2015], and although the trial court did not alter the
sentence originally imposed on [7443-2015,] but modified the
sentence in [7444-2015,] the hearing represented a single,
unified sentence, and as such[,] when the trial court did not act
on a subsequent [M]otion for reconsideration[,] filed on
November 20, 2018, the denial by operation of law occurred on
March 20, 2019[,] and therefore[,] [Pichalsky’s] appeal filed on
April 2, 2019 was timely?
C. Did not the trial court impose a manifestly excessive and
unreasonable sentence of 13 to 30 years [of] confinement
followed by 17 years of probation, which was contrary to the
fundamental norms that underlie the sentencing process and to
specific provisions of the Sentencing Code[,] including 42
Pa.C.S.[A.]
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6 Our review of Pichalsky’s Briefs at 991 EDA 2019 and 993 EDA 2019
reveals that the issues he raises in each are identical. Accordingly, we have
consolidated the appeals.
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§ 9721(b)[,] which requires[,] in part[,] that a sentencing court
consider [Pichalsky’s] background and rehabilitative needs?
Brief for Appellant at 3-4.
In his first claim, Pichalsky argues that this Court should not quash his
appeal because he filed a Notice of Appeal at each docket number. Id. at
21-26.
This Court recently held that where separate notices of appeal are filed
at each docket number, the inclusion of multiple docket numbers on each
notice of appeal does not invalidate the notices of appeal. Commonwealth
v. Johnson, 236 A.3d 1141, 1148 (Pa. Super. 2020) (en banc);
Commonwealth v. Larkin, 235 A.3d 350, 352 (Pa. Super. 2020) (en
banc). Here, Pichalsky filed separate Notices of Appeal at each docket
number. Accordingly, we conclude that Pichalsky has complied with
Walker. See id.In his second claim, Pichalsky argues that this Court should not quash
his appeal at 7443-2015, because it was timely filed. Brief for Appellant at
27-30. Pichalsky claims that the trial court granted his November 2, 2018,
Post-Sentence Motions to modify his sentence at both dockets, even though
the certified record at 7443-2015 does not contain an order indicating same,
and the docket at 7443-2015 indicates that the Motion was denied. Id. at
28. Pichalsky asserts that the trial court intended to grant the Motion at
7443-2015, and the lack of an order on the docket is the result of a clerical
error. Id. at 28-29.
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Our review of the record reveals that at the hearing to address
Pichalsky’s November 2, 2018, Post-Sentence Motions to modify his
sentence at both docket numbers, the trial court stated on the record that it
would “reconsider” his sentences, then set forth the sentences at 7443-2015
and 7444-2015. Further, our review of the dockets at both docket numbers
reveals that Pichalsky’s subsequent November 20, 2018, Motions to modify
his sentence were filed at both docket numbers, and were each denied by
operation of law on March 20, 2019. Accordingly, we decline to quash
Pichalsky’s April 2, 2019, Notice of Appeal at 7443-2015 as untimely filed.
In his third claim, Pichalsky argues that his sentence is harsh and
excessive because the trial court ordered his sentences to run consecutively
without considering his traumatic childhood upbringing and his rehabilitative
needs. See Brief for Appellant at 31-39. Pichalsky challenges the
discretionary aspects of his sentence. “A challenge to the discretionary
aspects of sentencing is not automatically reviewable as a matter of
right.” Commonwealth v. Grays, 167 A.3d 793, 815 (Pa. Super. 2017).
Prior to reaching the merits of a discretionary sentencing issue,
[w]e conduct a four-part analysis to determine: (1) whether
appellant has filed a timely notice of appeal, see Pa.R.A.P. 902
and 903; (2) whether the issue was properly preserved at
sentencing or in a motion to reconsider and modify sentence,
see [Pa.R.Crim.P. 720]; (3) whether appellant’s brief has a fatal
defect, Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f); and (4) whether there is a substantial
question that the sentence appealed from is not appropriate
under the Sentencing Code, 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9781(b).
Grays, 167 A.3d at 815-16 (citation omitted).
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Pichalsky filed timely Notices of Appeal, preserved his claim in his
Post-Sentence Motions, and included a Rule 2119(f) Statement within his
Brief. Further, Pichalsky’s claim that the trial court’s imposition of
consecutive sentences was excessive, and failed to take into account his
rehabilitative needs, raises a substantial question. See Brief for Appellant at
15-18; see also Commonwealth v. Dodge, 77 A.3d 1263, 1270 (Pa.
Super. 2013) (stating that an excessive sentence claim, in conjunction with
“an argument that articulates reasons why consecutive sentences in a
particular case are unreasonable or clearly unreasonable,” raises a
substantial question); Commonwealth v. Riggs, 63 A.3d 780, 786 (Pa.
Super. 2012) (stating that an appellant raises a substantial question where
he alleges that “the trial court failed to consider relevant sentencing criteria,
including … the rehabilitative needs of [the a]ppellant.”). Accordingly, we
will address Pichalsky’s discretionary sentencing claim.
Sentencing is vested in the discretion of the trial court, and
will not be disturbed absent a manifest abuse of that discretion.
An abuse of discretion involves a sentence which was manifestly
unreasonable, or which resulted from partiality, prejudice, bias,
or ill will. It is more than just an error in judgment.
Commonwealth v. Downing, 990 A.2d 788, 792-93 (Pa. Super. 2010)
(citation omitted).
The sentencing court is given broad discretion in
determining whether a sentence is manifestly excessive because
the sentencing judge is in the best position to measure factors
such as the nature of the crime, the defendant’s character and
the defendant’s display of remorse, defiance, or indifference. In
order to find that a trial court imposed an unreasonable
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sentence, we must determine that the sentencing court imposed
the sentence irrationally and that the court was not guided by
sound judgment.
Commonwealth v. McClendon, 589 A.2d 706, 712 (Pa. Super. 1991)
(internal citations and quotation marks omitted).
When imposing a sentence, a court is required to consider
the particular circumstances of the offense and the character of
the defendant. In considering these factors, the court should
refer to the defendant’s prior criminal record, age, personal
characteristics and potential for rehabilitation. It must be
demonstrated that the court considered the statutory factors
enunciated for determination of sentencing alternatives, and the
sentencing guidelines. Additionally, the court must impose a
sentence which is consistent with the protection of the public,
the gravity of the offense as it relates to the impact on the life of
the victim and the community, and the rehabilitative needs of
the defendant.
Id.; see also 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9721(c) (setting forth the sentencing
standards). Additionally, “the trial judge may determine whether, given the
facts of a particular case, a sentence should run consecutive to or concurrent
with another sentence being imposed.” Commonwealth v. Lilley, 978
A.2d 995, 998 (Pa. Super. 2009).
Here, the record reflects that the trial court considered the particular
circumstances of the offense, Pichalsky’s prior criminal record, and his
potential for rehabilitation. N.T., 11/15/18, at 5-7; N.T., 10/29/18, at 28-
29; Trial Court Opinion, 12/30/19, at 4-7. Further, the trial court considered
the sentencing guidelines, Pichalsky’s prior record score and rehabilitative
needs, and the seriousness of his crimes. Trial Court Opinion, 12/30/19, at
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7-10; N.T., 11/15/18, at 5. Thus, the trial court properly considered all of
the statutory factors before sentencing Pichalsky. See McClendon, supra.Moreover, because the trial court had the benefit of a PSI, which the
court stated it had considered prior to imposing sentence, see N.T.,
10/29/18, at 26, we presume that the court was aware of relevant
information regarding Pichalsky’s character, and weighed those
considerations along with any mitigating factors. Commonwealth v.
Downing, 990 A.2d 788, 794 (Pa. Super. 2010) (stating that “where the
trial court is informed by a [PSI], it is presumed that the court is aware of all
appropriate sentencing factors and considerations, and that where the court
has been so informed, its discretion should not be disturbed.”).
Furthermore, the trial court exercised its discretion in ordering Pichalsky’s
sentences to run consecutively. See Lilley, supra. Accordingly, we
conclude that the trial court’s sentence was not improperly excessive, and
Pichalsky’s discretionary sentencing challenge fails.
Judgments of sentence affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 12/24/20
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