Com. v. Marsh, J. ( 2020 )

J-S55033-19
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
JAMES EDWARD MARSH :
:
Appellant : No. 458 WDA 2019
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered February 28, 2019
In the Court of Common Pleas of Somerset County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-56-CR-0000098-2017
BEFORE: MURRAY, J., McLAUGHLIN, J., and COLINS, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY COLINS, J.: FILED FEBRUARY 3, 2020
Appellant, James Edward Marsh, appeals from the order entered
February 28, 2019, that denied his first petition filed under the Post Conviction
Relief Act (“PCRA”).1 We affirm.
At Docket Number CP-56-CR-0098-2017 (“98-17”), on June 22, 2017,
Appellant pleaded guilty to burglary and receiving stolen property. 2 On
September 7, 2017, Appellant was sentenced for these convictions, as well as
for the convictions at four other docket numbers: CP-56-CR-1003-2016
(“1003-16”), CP-56-CR-0099-2017 (“99-17”), CP-56-CR-0100-2017 (“100-
____________________________________________
* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
1 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9541–9546.
2 18 Pa.C.S. §§ 3502(a)(4) and 3925(a), respectively.
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17”), and CP-56-CR-0206-2017 (“206-17”). His sentences for these actions
were as follows:
For 1003-16, Appellant was sentenced to six months of probation, to
be served concurrently to all his other sentences.
For 98-17, the current appeal, Appellant was sentenced to an aggregate
judgment of sentence of 12 to 24 months of confinement. Appellant
was “entitled to credit for time served in this case, totalling 224 days,
extending from January 27th, 2017, to September 7th, 2017.”
Sentence Order, 9/7/2017, at 2; see also N.T., 9/7/2017, at 10.
For 99-17, Appellant was sentenced to 24 to 48 months of confinement
to be served consecutively to the sentences at Docket Numbers 98-17,
100-17, and 206-17. Appellant received credit for time served of 220
days.
For 100-17, Appellant was sentenced to 24 to 48 months of
confinement to be served consecutively to the sentences at Docket
Numbers 98-17, 99-17, and 206-17. Appellant received credit for time
served of 232 days.
For 206-17, Appellant was sentenced to 6 to 12 months of confinement
to be served consecutively to the sentences at Docket Numbers 98-17,
99-17, and 100-17. Appellant was “entitled to credit for time served in
this case totalling 183 days, extending from March 8th, 2017, to
September 7th, 2017.” Sentence Order, 9/7/2017, at 4; see also N.T.,
9/7/2017, at 12.
During the sentencing hearing, the trial court stated:
The sentences in cases Nos. 98[-]17, 99[-]17, 100[-]17,
and 206[-]17, shall be served consecutively; thereby
creating an aggregate sentence of not less than 66 months nor
more than 132 months’ incarceration in a State Correctional
Institution. . . . I’ll go back to what I dictated a moment ago, which
is to reiterate that the sentence in case Nos. 98[-17], 99[-17],
100[-17], and 206[-]17, shall be served consecutively, creating
an aggregate sentence of not less than 66 months, nor more than
132 months’ incarceration, in a State Correctional Institution.
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Id. at 12-13 (some emphasis omitted). The written sentencing order states:
“The sentencing in Case Nos. 98[-17], 99[-17], 100[-17], and 206[-]17, shall
be served consecutively[.]” Sentence Order, 9/7/2017. Appellant did not file
a direct appeal at 98-17.
On August 27, 2018, Appellant filed his first, pro se, timely PCRA
petition, listing 98-17 only. The PCRA court appointed counsel to represent
Appellant, who filed an amended PCRA petition on October 23, 2018,
contending that Appellant’s trial counsel was ineffective for failing to file
pretrial motions on his behalf, failing to review discovery with him prior to the
entry of his guilty plea, and promising Appellant a specific sentence if he
accepted the Commonwealth’s plea offer. Petition for Post-Conviction
Collateral Relief, 10/23/2018, at ¶¶ 5-6.
On February 28, 2019, the PCRA court held an evidentiary hearing.
During his testimony, Appellant never stated that he would not have pleaded
guilty and would have proceeded to trial but for trial counsel’s advice. See
N.T., 2/28/2019, at 7-18. At the conclusion of the hearing, the PCRA court
denied Appellant’s petition. Id. at 36. On March 5, 2019, Appellant filed this
timely appeal.3
On November 14, 2019, this Court remanded this action to the PCRA
court for a determination as to whether Appellant was still serving his sentence
____________________________________________
3Appellant filed his statement of errors complained of on appeal on March 29,
2019. The PCRA court entered its opinion on July 3, 2019.
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at 98-17 and whether he is thereby eligible for PCRA relief pursuant to 42
Pa.C.S. § 9543(a)(1)(i). On December 19, 2019, the PCRA court held a
hearing and thereafter concluded that Appellant “is still serving a sentence of
incarceration” at 98-17. Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, 12/20/2019,
at 3. Accordingly, Appellant is eligible for PCRA relief pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S.
§ 9543(a)(1).
Appellant now presents the following issue for our review:
Whether the [PCRA] court erred in dismissing Appellant’s
amended post-conviction collateral relief act petition by finding
that Appellant did not establish the ineffective assistance of trial
counsel.
Appellant’s Brief at 5.
“We review the denial of PCRA relief to decide whether the PCRA court’s
factual determinations are supported by the record and are free of legal error.”
Commonwealth v. Medina, 209 A.3d 992, 996 (Pa. Super. 2019) (quoting
Commonwealth v. Brown, 196 A.3d 130, 150 (Pa. 2018)), reargument
denied (July 17, 2019).
Appellant raises the same allegations of ineffective assistance of trial
counsel as in his amended PCRA petition – i.e., that counsel was ineffective in
the pretrial stages of his case by failing to file pretrial motions or to show him
discovery and was ineffective for promising him a specific sentence if he
pleaded guilty. Appellant’s Brief at 10-11.
A criminal defendant has the right to effective counsel during a
plea process as well as during trial. A defendant is permitted to
withdraw his guilty plea under the PCRA if ineffective assistance
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of counsel caused the defendant to enter an involuntary plea of
guilty.
We conduct our review of such a claim in accordance with the
three-pronged ineffectiveness test . . . The voluntariness of the
plea depends on whether counsel’s advice was within the range of
competence demanded of attorneys in criminal cases.
Commonwealth v. Rathfon, 899 A.2d 365, 369 (Pa. Super. 2006) (citations
and internal quotation marks omitted). The three-pronged ineffectiveness
test is as follows:
Counsel is presumed to be effective.
To overcome this presumption, a PCRA petitioner must plead and
prove that: (1) the underlying legal claim is of arguable merit;
(2) counsel’s action or inaction lacked any objectively reasonable
basis designed to effectuate his client’s interest; and
(3) prejudice, to the effect that there was a reasonable probability
of a different outcome if not for counsel’s error.
A failure to satisfy any of the three prongs of this test requires
rejection of a claim of ineffective assistance.
Medina, 209 A.3d at 1000 (citations and internal brackets omitted) (some
formatting).
In the current action, Appellant has failed to establish the third prong of
the ineffectiveness test – prejudice. See id. “With regard to prejudice . . .
to succeed in showing prejudice, the defendant must show that it is reasonably
probable that, but for counsel’s errors, he would not have pleaded guilty and
would have gone to trial.” Rathfon, 899 A.2d at 369-70 (citation and internal
brackets and quotation marks omitted). Appellant argues that his –
prejudice by trial counsel’s advice is obvious in that he gave up
several constitutional rights in pleading guilty based on trial
counsel’s incomplete and ineffective advice. Appellant is further
prejudiced by trial counsel’s advice as he entered a guilty plea and
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was sentenced to a harsher sentence than anticipated, again,
based on trial counsel’s advice and discussions with him during
the pre -sentencing and pretrial phases of his case.
Appellant’s Brief at 11. However, Appellant never alleges that trial counsel’s
actions or omissions caused him to enter his plea, that he would not have
pleaded guilty and would have proceeded to trial but for trial counsel’s
allegedly ineffective assistance, or that his plea was involuntary. See id. at
10-13. He also failed to make any such claims during his PCRA hearing
testimony. See N.T., 2/28/2019, at 7-18; compare id. with Rathfon, 899
A.2d at 366, 368 (where appellant testified that he would not have entered
into plea but for counsel’s misapprehension about his sentence, the record
established a reasonable probability that appellant would not have pleaded
guilty and, thus, ineffective assistance of counsel). Consequently, Appellant
failed to plead – let alone to prove –prejudice. See Rathfon, 899 A.2d at
369-70. By failing to satisfy one of the three prongs of the ineffective
assistance test, Appellant’s entire claim fails. Medina, 209 A.3d at 1000.
Having discerned no error of law, we affirm the order below. See id. at
996.
Order affirmed.
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Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 2/3/2020
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